scholarly journals Placental Plasmodium Parasitemia and Pregnancy Outcome In Asymptomatic Parturients at Term In A Tertiary Institution South East Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Ndukwe Nwigboji ◽  
John Okafor Egede ◽  
Peace Chinyere Igwe ◽  
Matthew Nwali Igwe ◽  
Gregory Chinedu Nwigwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Placental Malaria ◽  
Malaria In Pregnancy ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Maternal Anaemia ◽  
Congenital Malaria ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background: Malaria in pregnancy is a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa and can result in placental malaria with its associated adverse pregnancy outcomes.Method: This was a case control study involving 190 consenting, asymptomatic, booked parturients, recruited consecutively at 36 week. The aim was to determine the effect of placental malaria on pregnancy outcome in asymptomatic women delivering at term. The participants were screened for malaria parasites using peripheral blood film. Based on their results, the participants were grouped into parasitemia positive cases (Group 1) and parasitemia negative controls (Group 2). Both groups were then followed up in the clinic till they presented in labour at term. In labour, participants’ peripheral venous blood sample were collected and used to determine intrapartum haematocrit and peripheral parasitemia. After delivery, cord blood and a section of the placenta were collected for investigation. Data analysis: Collected data were analysed using Statistical Product and service solutions (SPSS) software (version 20). Numerical variables were presented as mean and standard deviation (Mean SD), while categorical variables were presented as numbers and percentages. Chi-square test(X2) was used to compare qualitative variables. Odds ratio (OR) and Confidence interval(CI) were used to observe the odds of outcomes. A p-value 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The prevalence of placental malaria and congenital malaria were 41.05% and 29.47% respectively. Birth weight, APGAR score, NICU admission or congenital malaria were not statistically significant between the two groups. The mean birth weight was 3.16 ± 0.5 kg while 17.89% had low birth weight. There was also no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the association of placental parasitaemia and maternal anaemia or dose of IPT taken. There was no significant association between placental parasitaemia and low parity. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of maternal anaemia and low birth weight showed significant placental parasitaemia in both cases (p = 0.004). Conclusion: Placental parasitaemia is a major complication of malaria in pregnancy and is associated with adverse feto-maternal effects. Early booking and uptake of intermittent preventive therapy with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine may help reduce the adverse effects.

scholarly journals Placental malarial parasitaemia and pregnancy outcome among parturients in a tertiary hospital in South- South Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Godwin J Ibanga ◽  
Aniekan M Abasiattai ◽  
Emem A Bassey ◽  
Michael Ukpe ◽  
Olujimi A Olatunbosun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Placental Malaria ◽  
Malaria In Pregnancy ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Malaria is the most common human parasitic disease and continues to be a complex and overwhelming global health problem, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Placental malaria, one of the major features of malaria in pregnancy has been associated with serious adverse health consequences to both the mother and her fetus. Objective: This study sought to determine the prevalence of maternal, cord, and placental malarial parasitaemia at parturition, the association between maternal and placental parasitaemia, and also the association between placental parasitaemia and pregnancy outcomes. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to study 330 pregnant women selected by the systematic random sampling technique as they presented in the labour ward of University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo between April, 2012 and September, 2012. Pre-delivery, maternal peripheral blood was taken for malaria parasite (MP) and packed cell volume (PCV). Post delivery, cord blood was taken for MP and PCV estimation while placental blood was examined for MP. Neonatal demographic and clinical characteristics were also obtained. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 17. Level of statistical significance was set at P less than 0.05 (P < 0.05). Results: The mean age of the respondents was 28.8 ± 4.4 years. The prevalence of maternal, cord, and placental parasitaemia were 30.3%, 14.8% and 18.2% respectively. There was a strong correlation between maternal parasitaemia and placental parasitaemia (rho = 0.75, P< 0.001). Also, a significant linear association between cord parasitaemia and placental malaria (rho = 0.87, p< 0.001) was found. Placental malaria predisposed to low birth weight (OR 1.01{95%CI 1.001 – 1.02}, p = 0.04) and fetal anaemia (OR 1.02{95%CI 1.01 – 1.03}, p < 0.001. Conclusion: There is a relatively high prevalence of placental parasitaemia at parturition. Placental malaria is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as low birth weight, fetal anaemia and cord parasitaemia. Proven strategies to prevent malaria in pregnancy such as use of ITNs and IPT and free antenatal care should be intensified to curb this deadly but preventable disease.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i6.12401Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(6) 2015 53-59

scholarly journals Effects of Malaria in pregnancy on newborn anthropometry

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (07) ◽  
pp. 448-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Olufunke Falade ◽  
Olukemi O Tongo ◽  
Oluwatoyin O Ogunkunle ◽  
Adebola Emmanuel Orimadegun
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Placental Malaria ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Malaria In Pregnancy ◽  
Intrauterine Death ◽  
Malaria Parasitaemia ◽  
Newborn Anthropometry ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Malaria in pregnancy remains a major cause of infant mortality through its contribution to preterm delivery, low birth weight and intrauterine death. Methodology: During a cross-sectional study of 983 mothers delivering in a secondary health care facility in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria, an area of high malaria transmission, the effect of maternal and placental malaria parasitaemia on newborn anthropometry was evaluated. Malaria parasitemia was detected by microscopy of Giemsa stained thick blood smears. Results: Placental, maternal and combined placental and maternal malaria parasitaemia rates at the time of delivery were 13.1%, 12.7% and 11.1% respectively. The geometric mean parasite densities in maternal and placental smears were significantly higher in primigravid mothers than others (p = 0.004 and 0.002 respectively). Low birth weight rate was higher among babies born to mothers with maternal parasitaemia compared to those without (8.0 % versus 6.3%, p < 0.05). The mean birth weight was lower in neonates of mothers with peripheral and placental parasitaemia by 138 g and 122 g (p = 0.01 and 0.02) respectively, while the respective difference was up to 168 g and 151 g among primigravidae (p = 0.03 and 0.04). Neonates of mothers with maternal and placental parasitaemia had a lower mean length than those without parasitaemia (48.2 vs 49.2cm, p = < 0.0001 and 48.5 vs 49.2cm p = 0.02 respectively). Occiptofrontal circumference and ponderal indices were not significantly affected by maternal malaria parasitaemia. Conclusion: Malaria in pregnancy results in symmetric foetal growth restriction and the effect is more marked among primigravid mothers. 

New approaches to pathogenesis of malaria in pregnancy

Parasitology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 134 (13) ◽  
pp. 1883-1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. ROGERSON ◽  
P. BOEUF
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Malaria In Pregnancy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Foetal Growth ◽  
Dimensional Interaction ◽  
Foetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Consequences Of Disease ◽  
In Pregnancy

SUMMARYMalaria infection during pregnancy is associated with poor maternal and foetal outcomes including low birth weight. In malaria-endemic areas, low birth weight is primarily a consequence of foetal growth restriction. Little is known on the pathogenesis of foetal growth restriction and our understanding of the relationship between epidemiological observations and the pathogenesis or consequences of disease is incomplete. In this review, we describe these gaps in our knowledge and also try to identify goals for future research into malaria in pregnancy. Foetal growth restriction results from a complex four-dimensional interaction between the foetus, the mother and the malaria parasite over gestation, and research into its pathogenesis may be advanced by combining longitudinal studies with techniques and approaches new to the field of malaria in pregnancy. Such approaches would greatly increase our knowledge on the pathogenesis of this disease and may provide new avenues for intervention strategies.

scholarly journals High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among normotensive and hypertensive pregnant women in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Ahenkorah Fondjo ◽  
Worlanyo Tashie ◽  
William K. B. A. Owiredu ◽  
Enoch Appiah Adu-Gyamfi ◽  
Laila Seidu
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background Hypovitaminosis D in pregnancy is associated with adverse health outcomes in mothers, newborns and infants. This study assessed the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in normotensive pregnancies and in preeclampsia, evaluated the association between vitamin D deficiency and preeclampsia risk; and determined the foeto-maternal outcome in preeclamptic women with vitamin D deficiency. Methods This case-control study was conducted among pregnant women who visited the Comboni Hospital, in Ghana from January 2017 to May 2018 for antenatal care. A total of 180 pregnant women comprising 88 preeclamptic women (PE) and 92 healthy normotensive pregnant women (NP) were recruited. Socio-demographic, clinical and obstetric data were obtained using validated questionnaires. Blood pressure and anthropometrics were measured, and blood samples were collected for the estimation of 25- hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Lipids (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol) were also estimated. Results A total of 81.7% of the study participants had vitamin D deficiency. Of these, 88.6% of the women with PE had vitamin D deficiency compared to 75.0% in the NP. Vitamin D levels were significantly reduced in the PE women compared to the normotensive pregnant women (p = 0.001). A higher proportion of the preeclamptic women who were vitamin D deficient had preterm delivery (p < 0:0001) and delivered low birth weight infants (p < 0:0001), and infants with IUGR (p < 0:0001) compared to the control group (p < 0:0001). Pregnant women with PE presented with significant dyslipidemia, evidenced by significantly elevated TC (p = 0.008), LDL (p < 0.0001), triglycerides (p = 0.017) and a significantly reduced HDL (p = 0.001) as compared to NP. In the preeclamptic women, serum 25(OH) D showed an inverse, but not significant association with TC (β = − 0.043, p = 0.722, TG (β = − 0.144, p = 0.210) and LDL (β = − 0.076, p = 0.524) and a positive, but not significant association with HDL (β = 0.171, p = 0.156). Conclusion The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is high in both normotensive pregnancies and pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia but amplified in preeclampsia. Higher proportion of pregnant women with hypovitaminosis D had preterm babies and delivered low birth weight neonates. Additional studies are needed to explore the potential benefits and optimal dosing of vitamin D use in pregnancy, especially in sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Congenital Malaria in Kisangani, A Stable Malaria Transmission Area in Democratic Republic of the Congo

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Labama Otuli Noël ◽  
Bosenge Nguma Jean-Didier ◽  
Maindo Alongo Mike-Antoine ◽  
Katenga Bosunga Gedeon ◽  
Mbo Mukonkole Jean-Paulin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Perinatal Mortality ◽  
Intermittent Preventive Treatment ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Umbilical Blood ◽  
Transmission Area ◽  
Congenital Malaria ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background. Gestational malaria is a major public health problem. It produces fetal complications such as low birth weight, perinatal mortality, and congenital malaria. The present study is aimed at determining the prevalence of congenital malaria and its neonatal complications in the city of Kisangani. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Kisangani from 1 January to 30 September 2018. Our study population was composed of 1248 newborns born in our study sites, during the period of our study. Just after their birth, we performed the thick drop smear in the placental print and in umbilical blood smear. Results. The prevalence of congenital malaria was 13.98%; 69.23% of newborns who contracted congenital malaria were from 18- to 34-year-old mothers, 53.85% from primiparous mothers, 92.31% from mothers who took intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine, all (100%) from mothers using the insecticide-treated mosquito nets and 7.69% from HIV-positive mothers. Low birth weight and perinatal mortality were recorded in 76.92% and 7.69% of congenital malaria cases, respectively. Intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine had no effect on congenital malaria (FE=0.5218; OR: 0.8, 95% CI: 0.1651-3.8769) and on low birth weight (FE=0.3675; OR: 1.2308, 95% CI: 0.0037-0.1464); however, it seemed to have protective effect against perinatal mortality (FE=0.0001; OR: 0.0233, 95% CI: 0.0037-0.1464). Conclusion. Congenital malaria remains a major problem in stable malaria transmission area like Kisangani, and it is grafted by major perinatal complications, particularly low birth weight and perinatal mortality. We recommend an extended study to clarify the relationship between the outcome of pregnancy and the intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine.

scholarly journals Quantifying Low Birth Weight, Preterm Birth and Small-for-Gestational-Age Effects of Malaria in Pregnancy: A Population Cohort Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e100247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus J. Rijken ◽  
Alysha M. De Livera ◽  
Sue J. Lee ◽  
Machteld E. Boel ◽  
Suthatsana Rungwilailaekhiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Malaria In Pregnancy ◽  
Population Cohort ◽  
In Pregnancy

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency among normotensive and hypertensive pregnant women in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Ahenkorah Fondjo ◽  
Worlanyo Tashie ◽  
William K. B. A. Owiredu ◽  
Enoch Appiah Adu-Gyamfi ◽  
Laila Seidu
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background: Hypovitaminosis D in pregnancy is associated with adverse health outcomes in mothers, newborns and infants. This study assessed the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in normotensive pregnancies and pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia, and evaluated the association between vitamin D deficiency and foeto-maternal outcome. Methods: This case-control study was conducted among pregnant women who visited the Comboni Hospital, in Ghana from January 2017 to May 2018 for antenatal care. A total of 180 pregnant women comprising 88 preeclamptic women (PE) and 92 healthy normotensive pregnant women (NP) were recruited. Socio-demographic, clinical and obstetric data were obtained using validated questionnaires. Blood pressure and anthropometrics were measured, and blood samples were collected for the estimation of 25(OH)D using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Lipids (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol) and were also estimated. Results: A total of 81.7% of the study participants had vitamin D deficiency. Of these, 88.6% of the women with PE had vitamin D deficiency compared to 75.0% in the NP. Vitamin D levels was significantly reduced in the PE women compared to the normotensive pregnant women (p=0.001). A higher proportion of the preeclamptic women who were vitamin D deficient had preterm delivery (p < 0:0001) and delivered low birth weight infants (p < 0:0001), and infants with IUGR (p < 0:0001) compared to the control group (p < 0:0001). Pregnant women with PE presented with significant dyslipidaemia, evidenced by significantly elevated TC (p=0.008), LDL (p<0.0001), triglycerides (p=0.017) and a significantly reduced HDL (p=0.001) as compared to NP. In the preeclamptic women, serum 25(OH)D showed an inverse, but not significant association with TC (β= -0.087, p=0.464), TG (β= -0.143, p=0.233) and LDL (β= -0.101, p=0.388) and a positive, but not significant association with HDL (β= 0.166, p=0.154). Conclusion: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is high in both normotensive pregnancies and pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia but amplified in preeclampsia. Higher proportion of pregnant women with hypovitaminosis D had preterm babies and delivered low birth weight neonates. Additional studies are needed to explore the potential benefits and optimal dosing of vitamin D use in pregnancy especially in sub-Saharan Africa.

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