Clinical Effects and Characteristics of Color, Number, and Word Content Elements in Computerized Training Programs for the Prevention of Cognitive Decline

Abstract Background: The biggest problem in an aging society is the development of degenerative brain disease in the elderly. Neurodegenerative brain disease can cause cognitive dysfunction and rapidly increase the prevalence of dementia and Parkinson's disease, posing a huge economic and social burden on the elderly. A computerized cognitive rehabilitation training system has been developed to prevent and train cognitive dysfunction, showing various clinical effects. However, few studies have analyzed components of contents such as memory and concentration training. In this study, the clinical effects and characteristics of the color, number and words elements were analyzed by subdividing the memory and concentration contents into elements, difficulty, and training methods.Methods: Using a total of eight contents developed based on neuropsychology, 24 normal subjects with an average age of 60.58 ± 3.96 years were conducted 3 times a week, and training was received for 30 to 45 minutes per session. To determine the training effect, MMSE-K, an evaluation tool most closely related to cognitive therapy, was used. The number of errors and problem solving time used in the analysis were dataized by measuring the number of incorrect answers selected by the subject and the time spent solving the problem, respectively. Using t-test, the significance of different between before and after training was determined. Correlation between the number of errors and problem-solving time by week was determined using a trend line. All experimental procedures and evaluations were conducted after obtaining IRB approval from Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital (DUIH2020-07-001).Results: The subjects' MMSE-K scores were 27.88 ± 1.70 points before intervention to 28.63 ± 1.69 points after three weeks of intervention. In each subdivided component, color element showed an effect of improving complex difficulty, number element had the most effective training effect, and word element had a predictive effect on cognitive decline. Conclusions: A detailed analysis results of the components used in a computerized cognitive rehabilitation training system will help develop degenerative brain disease contents to be developed later, and is expected to contribute to a prevention-oriented medical paradigm

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CAREGIVER TRAINING ON CARE FOR PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA IN MEDAN, NORTH SUMATERA

Darmabakti Cendekia: Journal of Community Service and Engagements ◽

10.20473/dc.v2.i1.2020.1-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Siska Evi Martina

Keyword(s):

Community Engagement ◽

The Elderly ◽

Dementia Care ◽

Common Type ◽

Brain Disease ◽

Caregiver Training ◽

Dementia Caregiver ◽

People With Dementia ◽

And Training ◽

Taking Care

Background: Dementia is a syndrome due to brain disease, usually chronic or progressive and there is a dysfunction of noble function. The most common type of dementia is alzheimer’s dementia. Purpose: Improving the capability of caregiver for taking care people living with dementia. Method: The method used in this community engagement was coaching and training for caregivers who are generally families of the elderly with dementia. Caregiver is also taught about treatments and strategies that can be taken to meet the elderly’s daily needs. Demonstrations are also carried out on some care techniques for the elderly that are often not understood by caregiver. Result: The 15 participants who were present were all very active and enthusiastic involved during the activity. All participants were able to follow the activity well and gave many questions they had never known. Participants were able to demonstrate several techniques for treating people with dementia. The results of the questionnaire showed 100% of participants understood about dementia and dementia care. Conclusion: This activity could be regular program for improving capability of caregiver for taking care people living with dementia.

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A framework and immersive serious game for mild cognitive impairment

Multimedia Tools and Applications ◽

10.1007/s11042-021-11042-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sum-Yuet Joyce Lau ◽

Harry Agius

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Serious Games ◽

Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽

The Elderly ◽

Daily Basis ◽

Research Literature ◽

Physical Rehabilitation ◽

Serious Game

AbstractCognitive decline is common in the elderly. As a result, a range of cognitive rehabilitation games have been proposed to supplement or replace traditional rehabilitative training by offering benefits such as improved engagement. In this paper, we focus on mild cognitive impairment (MCI), an initial stage of cognitive decline that does not affect functioning in daily life, but which may progress towards more serious cognitive deteriorations, notably dementia. Unfortunately, while a variety of serious game frameworks and rehabilitative serious games have been proposed, there is a distinct lack of those which support the distinctive characteristics of MCI patients. Consequently, to optimise the advantages of serious games for MCI, we propose the MCI-GaTE (MCI-Game Therapy Experience) framework that may be used to develop serious games as effective cognitive and physical rehabilitation tools. The framework is derived from a combination of a survey of related research literature in the area, analysis of resident profiles from a nursing home, and in-depth interviews with occupational therapists (OTs) who work with MCI patients on a daily basis. The conceptual framework comprises four sectors that may be used to guide game design and development: an MCI player profile that represents the capabilities of a player with MCI, core gaming elements that support gameful and playful activities, therapeutic elements that support cognitive and physical rehabilitation through tasks and scenarios according to the player’s abilities, and motivational elements to enhance the player’s attitude towards the serious tasks. Together, they provide support for rehabilitation needs and may also serve as a set of comprehensive and established criteria by which an MCI serious game may be evaluated. To demonstrate the use of MCI-GaTE, we also present A-go!, an immersive gesture-based serious game that exploits the framework to enable MCI-diagnosed players to undertake therapeutic tasks supported by an assigned OT. Evaluation with OTs revealed that the immersive game potentially offers more effective support to MCI patients than traditional methods, contributing new possibilities for enhancing MCI rehabilitative training, while a comparative assessment of MCI-GaTE demonstrated that it provides a comprehensive approach not currently offered by state-of-the-art rehabilitative frameworks.

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Informant questionnaire on cognitive decline in the elderly (IQCODE) for classifying cognitive dysfunction as cognitively normal, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610217000965 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (9) ◽

pp. 1461-1467 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Moon Ho Park

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Cognitive Dysfunction ◽

Roc Curve ◽

Roc Curves ◽

The Elderly ◽

Youden Index ◽

Cognitively Normal ◽

Dichotomous Classification

ABSTRACTBackground:The Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) is a reliable, validated informant-based instrument in screening for cognitive dysfunction. However, previous studies have evaluated only the ability to discriminate dichotomously, such as dementia from cognitively normal (CN) individuals or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from CN. This study investigated the ability of the IQCODE to classify not only dichotomous but also multiple stages of cognitive dysfunction.Methods:We examined 228 consecutive participants (76 CN, 76 with MCI, and 76 with dementia). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves determined dichotomous classification parameters. Multi-category ROC surfaces were evaluated to classify three stages of cognitive dysfunction.Results:Dichotomous classification using the ROC curve analyses showed that the area under the ROC curve was 0.91 for dementia from participants without dementia and 0.71 for MCI from CN. Simultaneous multi-category classification analyses showed that the volume under the ROC surface was 0.61 and the derived optimal cut-off points were 3.15 and 3.73 for CN, MCI, and dementia. The Youden index for the IQCODE was estimated as 0.51 and the derived optimal cut-off points were 3.33 and 3.70. The overall classification accuracy by the VUS was 58.3% and that by the Youden index 61.8%.Conclusions:IQCODE is useful to classify the dichotomous and multi-category stages of cognitive dysfunction.

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Screening for cognitive dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus: the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Questionnaire and the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly

Lupus ◽

10.1177/0961203318815299 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 51-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

N.E. Chalhoub ◽

M.E. Luggen

Keyword(s):

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Cognitive Dysfunction ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Cognitive Assessment ◽

The Elderly ◽

Screening Tools ◽

Montreal Cognitive Assessment ◽

Systemic Lupus ◽

Assessment Questionnaire

Background Cognitive dysfunction (CD) is among the most common neuropsychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Traditional neuropsychological testing and the Automated Neuropsychologic Assessment Metrics (ANAM) have been used to assess CD but neither is an ideal screening test. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Questionnaire (MoCA) and the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) are brief and inexpensive tests. This study evaluated the MoCA and IQCODE as screening tools. Methods SLE patients fulfilling American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria were evaluated using the ANAM as the reference standard. The performance characteristics of the MoCA and IQCODE were assessed in comparison with normal controls (NCs) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Four different definitions of CD were utilized. Results In total, 78 patients were evaluated. MoCA and ANAM scores were significantly correlated ( r = 0.51, p < 0.001). At the optimal cutoff, the sensitivity of the MoCA was ≥ 90% (depending on definition of CD) vs RA patients and ≥83% vs NCs. ANAM and IQCODE scores did not correlate ( p = 0.8152). IQCODE sensitivities were low for both RA patients and NCs regardless of definition and cutoff used. Conclusion The MoCA appears to be a promising and practical screening tool for identification of patients with SLE at risk for CD.

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