scholarly journals Perceptions of Self Sampling and Urine Sampling Versus Traditional Pap Smear in Rural Settings of Cuenca Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Vega ◽  
Vivian Alejandra Neira ◽  
José Ortíz ◽  
Ruth Maldonado – Rengel ◽  
Diana López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Urine Sampling ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background: Cervical cancer screening has demonstrated high effectiveness reducing cervical cancer mortality worldwide, however there is still a high rate of under screened women. Pap smear technique is often considered an uncomfortable examination technique that can reduce uptake of the examination. This study explores the perceptions of self sampling and urine sampling versus traditional pap smear in rural settings of Cuenca Ecuador.Methods A qualitative study with a phenomenological approach was performed. Focus groups were conducted in El Valle parish of Azuay province of Cuenca Ecuador. Women natives of this rural area were included in this research. Results A total of 45 women, have participated in 7 focus groups, all participants live in rural area. Pap smear technique is considered a painful, intrusive and embarrassing method, however participants believe that is more reliable, compared with self sampling methods, due a direct visualization of the cervix and because other problems could be detected during the examination. Advantages of self-sampling include that it is perceived as comfortable, less painful, participation rate, time-saving, because it can be done at home, and can be made widely available for example through pharmacies or with help of traditional healers . Barriers are related with doubts of the quality of the sample and lack of capability to perform it. Conclusions This study shows that women consider self sampling methods as a possible solution to overcome barriers that could reduce the uptake of cervical cancer screening; privacy, comfortability and accessibility are major advantages of those methods. Self examination at home reduces waiting times in health centers, with high demand of attention or during Covid pandemic. Barriers are mainly related with doubts in the self proficiency to perform the test and the accuracy of the results. Those doubts are understandable, because self sampling methods are never used before in Ecuador, and could be solved with an adequate training and information for the patients. Further studies that measure acceptability and sensitivity in real application are required to address the utility of self sampling methods in a rural context.

Cervical Cancer: Assessment of Its Knowledge, Utilization of Services and Its Determinant Among Female Undergraduate Students in a Low Resource Setting

2021 ◽  
pp. 0272684X2110066
Author(s):  
Chidebe Christian Anikwe ◽  
Philip Chidubem Osuagwu ◽  
Cyril Chijioke Ikeoha ◽  
Okechukwu B Ikechukwu Dimejesi ◽  
Bartholomew Chukwunonye Okorochukwu
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resource Setting ◽  
Study Population

Background Cervical cancer is a preventable disease that contributes significantly to the death of women. This study is aimed at determining the level of knowledge and utilization of cervical cancer screening and its determinants among female undergraduates of Ebonyi State University. Methods A structured questionnaire was used for a cross-sectional survey of the study population between January 1 and March 3, 2018. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20. Data were represented with frequency table, simple percentage, mode, range, Chi square and pie chart. The level of significance is at P-value < 0.05. Results Majority (74.8%) of the respondents were aware of cervical cancer and it could be prevented (70.8%). More than three-fifths (68.30%) were informed via health workers, and 86.8% were aware that post-coital vaginal bleeding is a symptom. Less than half (49.8%) knew that HPV is the primary cause, and only 32.9% were aware of the HPV vaccine. One-quarter of the respondent were aware that early coitarche is a risk factor for cervical cancer. Only 41.8% of the women were aware of Pap smear, 9.2% had undergone screening, and 97.6% were willing to be screened. Marital status was the significant determinant of being screened while class level did not significantly influence uptake of cervical cancer screening. The most common reason (20.6%) for not being screened was lack of awareness of the test. Conclusion Our study population had a good knowledge of cervical cancer, but utilization of cervical cancer screening was poor. Awareness creation through the mass media and provision of affordable screening services can promote the use of cervical cancer screening in the study area.

scholarly journals Study on cervical cancer screening amongst nurses

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astha Srivastava ◽  
Bindiya Gupta ◽  
Vikas Lakha ◽  
Shilpa Singh
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Objective: To study the knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses at tertiary centre regarding cervical cancer screening. Material and Methods: Validated questionnaire was circulated amongst staff nurses at tertiary care centre after taking informed consent. Results and Discussion: Cancer of cervix is the most common genital tract malignancy in female and it is ranked second to breast cancer. It has a positive association with HPV infection. Cervical cancer incidence and mortality have declined substantially following introduction of screening programmes. This present study investigated the knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses at GTB Hospital towards cervical cancer risk factors, sign & symptoms and screening as they are important health professionals. In our study, the results showed that 99% of respondents were aware of Pap smear as screening programme and about 60-70% were aware of HPV as positive organism, but most of them never had a Pap smear done before. Majority of them did not know VIA, VILI and colposcopy as screening techniques. Conclusion: It may thus be recommended that institutions should periodically organize seminars and training for health personnel especially the nurses which form a group of professionals that should give health education to women about cervical cancer.

'Have a Pap smear!' – doctors, their clients, and opportunistic cervical cancer screening

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
L C Chingang ◽  
U Bischof ◽  
G Andall-Brereton ◽  
O Razum
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
High Incidence

In many middle-income countries with a high incidence of cervical cancer, organized screening programmes with the Pap test are being planned. We assessed the knowledge of, and attitudes towards, cervical screening among 63 doctors and 102 randomly selected community members in Trinidad where screening is still opportunistic. Doctors were well informed about cervical cancer, but not all knew the approximate specificity of the Pap test. Many did not routinely discuss the benefits and disadvantages of screening with their clients. Most women had heard of the Pap test, but only 56% knew its purpose; 25% would not participate in screening, stating reasons such as being in menopause or not having symptoms. More information about the aim of screening and the purpose of the Pap test must be communicated. Doctors need to keep their knowledge on screening up-to-date, and offer counselling that helps women to make an informed decision whether or not to participate in screening.

scholarly journals Cervical cytochemistry: a potential adjunct to cytomorphology for detection of abnormal cells in cervical cancer screening

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1639-1644
Author(s):  
Indrani Krishnappa ◽  
Kalyani R. ◽  
Raja Parthiban ◽  
Abhishek Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Smear Examination ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion

Background: Pap smear examination has been universally used as an effective screening tool for early detection of cervical carcinoma. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of Cervical Acid Phosphatase staining as an adjunct to routine Pap smear testing to improvethe sensitivity and specificity of routine Pap smear examination for cervical cancer detection. Materials and Methods: Cervical smears were taken from patients attending the gynecology department and a few cervical cancer screening programmes. One set of slides were alcohol fixed and stained with rapid pap stain and another set of slides were fixed in a special fixative and stained with Cervical Acid Phosphatase -Pap stain. The nuclear features of these Cervical Acid Phosphatase stained dysplastic cells was studied on Pap stain to diagnose cervical intraepithelial lesion/ malignancy. Results: Out of 489 cases included in the study 6 cases were diagnosed with intraepithelial lesion/ malignancy. On Cervical Acid Phosphatase -Pap stain 2 of the cases diagnosed as inflammatory smears on pap stain showed Cervical Acid Phosphatase positivity and thus were re evaluated. Mild nuclear atypia was observed in the Cervical Acid Phosphatase positive cells and these cases were diagnosed as Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and later biopsy proven to be Cervical intraepithelial Neoplasia I. Therefore Cervical Acid Phosphatase -Pap test was 100% sensitive and specific for cervical cancer detection. Conclusions: With 100% sensitivity Cervical Acid Phosphatase -Pap test satisfies the criteria of an efficient screening test.

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