scholarly journals Recycled Newspaper: An Effective Mulch for Micropropagated Raspberry Transplants

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 844D-844
Author(s):  
Michele R. Warmund ◽  
Chris J. Starbuck ◽  
Chad E. Finn
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Plant Survival ◽  
High Soil ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Black Plastic

Micropropagated `Redwing' raspberry plants were grown with various mulch treatments to determine their influence on vegetative growth and fruit yield. Treatments included shredded hardwood bark mulch; degradable black plastic; sawdust; wheat straw; ground, shredded, or ground + shredded newspaper; and an unmulched control. During the year of establishment, high soil and air temperatures near the surface of the black plastic most likely reduced plant survival. The following year, vegetative growth and fruit yield of plants that were previously mulched with black plastic were also reduced. Plants mulched with bark, sawdust, straw, and all newspaper treatments had greater yields than those established with black plastic or in the unmulched control plots. Although yields were similar among plants in all newspaper mulch treatments, ground newspaper was lost under windy conditions and tended to mat down after rainfall, resulting in soggy soil conditions.

scholarly journals Relationships between soil albedos and soil and air temperatures.

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
C.J. Stigter ◽  
Y.B. Mjungu ◽  
P.B.M. Lutege ◽  
J.M. Waryoba ◽  
C.O. Othieno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Demonstration Experiment ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Good Agreement

Relationships are derived between near-interface soil and air temperatures and the albedos and temperatures of the interface under low evaporation conditions. Simple theoretical approximations of these relationships are established for nearly identical soil conditions with different albedos. A demonstration experiment is discussed which proves that this theory is valid at the surface of plastic-covered dry soil. Field temperatures for bare and black plastic-covered relatively dry soil in Kenya at 7.5 cm depth are also in good agreement with the theory. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Processing tomato response to soil compaction and fumigation

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 477 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Stirzaker
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Processing Tomato

Summary. Permanent raised beds coupled with reduced tillage and cover crops are part of the Australian processing tomato industry’s strategy to move towards more sustainable farming practices. As a consequence, crops may be planted into denser soils. Previous work showed that processing tomatoes had considerable tolerance to no-tillage; mild soil compaction reduced vegetative growth but not fruit yield. This field study showed that severe compaction not only reduced vegetative growth, but also extended the duration of the exponential vegetative growth period, so that fruit and vegetative growth were competing for assimilates. Under these conditions, fruit yield was severely reduced. Accurate management of drip irrigation could not compensate for the narrow, non-limiting water range of a compacted soil. Mild water deficits during the late flowering and early fruit growth phase also reduced fruit yield. Pot experiments under controlled conditions revealed an interaction between soil fumigation and tillage management. Soil fumigation improved shoot growth at high and low soil densities with the greatest effects observed below ground; root length was more than doubled when soil cores with a bulk density of 1.79 t/m3 were fumigated. A cover crop of subterranean clover, grown in the off-season winter period, had no effect on fruit yield under non-compacted conditions. The implication is that cover crops, which have been shown to ameliorate adverse soil physical conditions, can only express their potential when soil conditions in a conventionally managed system are suboptimal.

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal infection and high soil phosphorus improve vegetative growth and the female and male functions in tomato

2002 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Poulton ◽  
David Bryla ◽  
Roger T. Koide ◽  
Andrew G. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
High Soil

scholarly journals White Root Rot of Raspberries

1951 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
GC Wade
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
White Root Rot ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
High Soil ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Dry Soil

The disease known as white root rot affects raspberries, and to a less extent loganberries, in Victoria. The causal organism is a white, sterile fungus that has not been identified. The disease is favoured by dry soil conditions and high soil temperatures. It spreads externally to the host by means of undifferentiated rhizomorphs; and requires a food base for the establishment of infection. The spread of rhizomorphs through the soil is hindered by high soil moisture content and consequent poor aeration of the soil.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Organic and Inorganic Mulching as an Integrated Weed Management Strategy in Maize Under Rainfed Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. MEHMOOD ◽  
S.U. KHAN ◽  
A. QAYYUM ◽  
A.R. GURMANI ◽  
W. AHMED ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Black Plastic

ABSTRACT: Weeds affect crop growth, health and yield by competing for resources, and they serve as refuge for insect pests. Mulches of different materials have been found to control weeds and insect pests. A field study was conducted at the village of Mang, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, to explore the effect of various mulch materials on weed suppression in maize fields under rain-fed conditions in 2013. Eight mulch materials treatments were used: control (no mulching), wheat straw mulch, dry leaves of eucalyptus, rice straw mulch, grass clippings, living mulch (soybean crop), black plastic mulch and the herbicide Primextra were investigated under a randomized complete block design with four replications. Statistical analysis of data showed maximum reduction in weed density, relative weed density, fresh biomass and dry biomass in all the test species at 25, 50 and 75 days after sowing (DAS) where Primextra and black plastic mulch were used, and this was statistically similar to where rice straw and wheat straw were used. Maximum weed density, relative weed density, fresh and dry biomass of all weed species were recorded where soybean was intercropped with maize and grass clippings were used. Based on these results, it was inferred that the mulch material of eucalyptus and rice straw can effectively be used for controlling weeds in maize fields under rain-fed conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of Cover Methods and Nitrogen Levels on the Growth and Yield of Tomato

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1021-1033
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Loan ◽  
Tran Thi My Can
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Black Plastic

To study the effects of cover methods and nitrogen (N) levels on the growth and yield components of tomato Cv. Pear F1, field experiments with a 4x3 factorial design were conducted in the 2019 spring and winter seasons using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The cover methods included four treatments: bare soil (BS), black plastic mulch (BPM), transparent polypropylene row cover (RC), and a combination of BPM and RC (BPMRC) with the RC removed approximately 30 days after transplanting. Nitrogen (N) was applied at three levels (150, 180, and 210 kg N ha-1). Using BPM and RC generally led to an increased air temperature, air humidity, soil moisture, and soil temperature compared to the BS treatment. Higher N rates (180 and 210 kg N ha-1) did not result  in different tomato fruit sizes and fruit weights but positively increased fruit yield and quality (Brix values and fruit dry weight) as compared to the 150 kg N ha-1 addition. The cover methods positively affected the yield components and fruit yield of tomato as well as the fruit characteristics compared to the BS treatment. Using cover materials (BPM and RC) combined with a higher N application significantly increased the yield attributes and fruit yield. The highest fruit yield was achieved under the mulching treatment by black plastic (BPM treatment) combined with a 210 kg N ha-1 application, resulting in 50.90 tons ha-1 in the spring and 58.27 tons ha-1 in the winter.

scholarly journals Microclimates and Tree Growth in Three Urban Spaces

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger K. Kjelgren ◽  
James R. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Shade Acclimation ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Crown Size

Abstract Microclimates characteristic of urban park, plaza, and canyon spaces were related to physiology and growth of even-aged sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) street trees. Microclimates, tree growth, and physiological responses were characterized diurnally and seasonally. Park and plaza sites received unobstructed sunlight while the canyon was limited to four hours of direct solar radiation in midsummer. Potential seasonal insolation was 44% of the potential maximum at the canyon and over 90% at the park. Afternoon air temperatures and vapor pressure deficits were somewhat greater at the plaza than the other two sites, and potential pan evaporation was nearly 50% greater over the season. Tree growth at the plaza and canyon acclimated physiologically and developmentally to the prevailing environmental conditions. Thinner leaves and less trunk growth when compared with the park were indications of shade acclimation in the canyon trees. This did not, however, appear to affect crown size or shoot growth of canyon trees. In contrast, plaza trees were sparse and stunted, exhibiting diminished crown size and diameter increment when compared with tree at the other sites. Less favorable water relations suggested that chronically higher evaporative demand and limited soil resources restricted growth of the plaza trees. Park, plaza, and canyon designations of urban spaces can provide a useful framework for predicting microclimatic factors that can affect tree growth for an urban site. Long-term growth and development, however, with in any of these urban spaces will depend on interactions with existing soil conditions.

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