scholarly journals Physical Properties of Soil and Glyphosate Residue as a Function of Cassava Weed Management by Cover Crops in the Amazon Ecosystem

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Daniel Oscar Pereira Soares ◽  
Karla Gabrielle Dutra Pinto ◽  
Laís Alves da Gama ◽  
Carla Coelho Ferreira ◽  
Prasanta C. Bhowmik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Cassava Production ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Cassava production in Amazonas state deserves to be highlighted due to its great historical, social, and economic importance. Weed competition severely constrains cassava production in Amazonas. The use of cover crops is safe and very efficient at eliminating weeds while keeping the soil covered. The objective of this study was to evaluate physical properties of soil and glyphosate residues in storage roots as a function of the weed management in cassava. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with five treatments and five repetitions. The treatments were biological control with two species of cover plants (Brachiaria ruziziensis and Mucuna pruriens), chemical control, mechanical control, and treatment with no weed control. The cover crops characteristics evaluated were dry weight, the percentage of cover, and rate of decomposition of plant residues. In the soil, the bulk density and total porosity were determined. The contamination of the storage roots was evaluated based on the analysis of glyphosate residue. Brachiaria ruziziensis presented more dry weight and higher percentage of cover compared with M. pruriens, and both cover crops showed very similar decomposition rates. The physical properties of soil were unaffected by any treatment evaluated. There was no detection of glyphosate and its metabolite, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), in any treatment evaluated. Chemical control with glyphosate is not able to contaminate cassava storage roots.

scholarly journals New Case of False-Star-Grass (Chloris distichophylla) Population Evolving Glyphosate Resistance

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
José G. Vázquez-García ◽  
Sajedeh Golmohammadzadeh ◽  
Candelario Palma-Bautista ◽  
Antonia M. Rojano-Delgado ◽  
José A. Domínguez-Valenzuela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Shikimic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
First Case

Chloris distichophylla, suspected of glyphosate resistance (GR), was collected from areas of soybean cultivation in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A comparison was made with a susceptible population (GS) to evaluate the resistance level, mechanisms involved, and control alternatives. Glyphosate doses required to reduce the dry weight (GR50) or cause a mortality rate of 50% (LD50) were around 5.1–3 times greater in the GR population than in the GS population. The shikimic acid accumulation was around 6.2-fold greater in GS plants than in GR plants. No metabolized glyphosate was found in either GR or GS plants. Both populations did not differ in the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) basal activity or in vitro inhibition of EPSPS activity by glyphosate (I50). The maximum glyphosate absorption was observed at 96 hours after treatment (HAT), which was twofold higher in the GS plants than in the GR plants. This confirms the first case of glyphosate resistance in C. distichophylla. In addition, at 96 HAT, the GS plants translocated more 14C-glyphosate than the GR ones. The best options for the chemical control of both C. distichophylla populations were clethodim, quizalofop, paraquat, glufosinate, tembotrione, diuron, and atrazine. The first case of glyphosate resistance in C. distichophylla was due to impaired uptake and translocation. Chemical control using multiple herbicides with different modes of action (MOA) could be a tool used for integrated weed management (IWM) programs.

scholarly journals Application of oxyfluorfen and pendimethalin to control weeds on soybean plantation

2022 ◽  
Vol 951 (1) ◽  
pp. 012066
Author(s):  
H Hasanuddin ◽  
G Erida ◽  
S Hafsah ◽  
A Marliah ◽  
Y Agustiawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Population ◽  
Different Types

Abstract The appearance of weeds on crops has led to the significant loss of crop yield. Therefore, chemical control with herbicides has been an important tool for rapid and efficient weed management in crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of herbicides oxyfluorfen and pendimethalin against weeds on soybean plantation. This research employed Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) Factorial with 2 factors. The first factor was the type of herbicides: oxyfluorfen and pendimethalin. The second factor was herbicide doses: 0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 g a.i ha-1, applied on soybean at 1 day after planting (DAP). The percentage of weed control, percentage of weed coverage, weed species, weed population, and weed dry weight were observed at 3, 5, 7 and 9 weeks after planting (WAP). The results revealed that different types and doses of herbicide applied has affected the percentage of weed control, percentage of weed coverage weed species and weed dry weight.

scholarly journals Variability of physical properties of soil and rice grown under cover crops in crop-livestock integrated system

Bragantia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Gonçalves Trevisan ◽  
Onã da Silva Freddi ◽  
Flávio Jesus Wruck ◽  
Renan Rimoldi Tavanti ◽  
Fernanda Salles Cunha Peres
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Properties Of Soil

ABSTRACT The production systems of upland rice culture in Mato Grosso are not consolidated yet while the effects of soil physical properties and their correlation with rice yield in crop-livestock integrated systems are not defined as well. Therefore, this study determined the spatial variability of physical properties of soil and rice cultivated in no-tillage system under different cover crops, using principal components analysis and geostatistics. The experiment was conducted in Santa Carmen, northern Mato Grosso. A regular grid with 100 sample points distributed in an area of 26,400 m2 was installed. Soil and rice samples were collected to determine rice variables and soil physical properties. The average rice yield was 1.70 Mg∙ha−1, ranging from 0.70 to 3.12 Mg∙ha−1. The highest yields were observed in consortium with cowpea and brachiaria and were associated with lower incidence of grain spots, despite higher soil density and penetration resistance. The consortium with brachiaria, crotalaria, and sudangrass had lower yields, which was associated with higher incidence of grain spots, despite higher soil macroporosity and total porosity.

scholarly journals Weed infestation of spring common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in monoculture depending on the cover crop and weed control method

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Dorota Gawęda ◽  
Cezary A. Kwiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
White Mustard

The aim of this 3-year field study was to evaluate the effect of some stubble crops and in-crop weed control methods on the species composition, number and air-dry weight of weeds in a wheat crop grown in short-term monoculture. The study was conducted in the period 2009-2011 in the Uhrusk Experimental Farm on mixed rendzina soil classified as very good rye soil complex. It included various types of stubble crops ploughed in each year (control treatment without cover crop, white mustard, lacy phacelia, a mixture of legumes – narrow-leaf lupin + field pea) and methods of weed control in spring wheat (mechanical, mechanical and chemical, chemical weed control). On average during the study period, all stubble crops used reduced the air-dry weight of weds in the treatments with mechanical weed management relative to the control treatment. Irrespective of the weed control method, the number of weeds in the wheat crop was significantly lower only after the ploughing in of white mustard. Mechanical weed management proved to be less effective in reducing the number and dry weight of weeds compared to other weed control methods. The white mustard and legume mixture cover crops had a reducing effect on the number of weed species in relation to the treatment without cover crops. The highest floristic diversity of weed communities was found in the spring wheat crop in which only mechanical weeding alone was used.

scholarly journals Broccoli Production in Cowpea, Soybean, and Velvetbean Cover Crop Mulches

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard F. Harrison ◽  
D. Michael Jackson ◽  
Anthony P. Keinath ◽  
Paul C. Marino ◽  
Thomas Pullaro
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Conventional Production ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Annual Weeds ◽  
Nitrogen Rates ◽  
Group Yield

Fall transplanted `Commander' broccoli (Brassica oleracea Botrytis group) yield in mulches formed from the residues of killed cowpea (Vigna unquiculata), soybean (Glycine max), and velvetbean (Mucuna pruriens) cover crops was compared to yield in conventional production on bare soil. Average aboveground biomass production was 6.9, 7.7, and 5.9 t·ha-1 (3.08, 3.43, and 2.63 tons/acre) and total nitrogen content of the aboveground tissues was 2.9%, 2.8%, and 2.7% of the dry weight for cowpea, soybean, and velvetbean, respectively. Within each cover crop mulch main plot, subplots received different nitrogen rates, [0, 84.1, or 168.1 kg·ha-1 (0, 75, or 150 lb/acre)]. For several nitrogen level × year comparisons, broccoli grown in mulched plots yielded higher than broccoli grown on bare soil plots. Cowpea and soybean mulches promoted broccoli growth more than velvetbean mulch. The mulches of all three species persisted through the growing season and suppressed annual weeds.

scholarly journals Respuesta de cinco leguminosas de cobertura a la fertilización fosfórica

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Robin Gómez Gómez ◽  
María Isabel González Lutz
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Legume Cover Crops ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
The University ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Crotalaria Spectabilis

Legume cover crops are planted to control weed, to prevent soil erosion, and to increase nitrogen in soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response to phosphorus fertilization of the legumes Mucuna pruriens cv. cinza, Mucuna pruriens cv. preta, Crotalaria spectabilis, Vigna radiata, and Pueraria phaseoloides, during two seasons of the year. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the Agricultural Experiment Station Fabio Baudrit Moreno (EEAFBM, in Spanish), of the University of Costa Rica, Alajuela, Costa Rica, from November 2012 to January 2013, and it was replicated from April to May 2013. Doses of 0, 30, 60, and 90 kg P2O5/ha were applied on steam sterilized soil, and then it was used to fill 2 kg capacity pots. The variables assessed were plant height, a number of true leaves, and dry weight 18-26 days after planting depending on legume species. Crotalaria spectabilis, V. radiata, and P. phaseoloides achieved the highest growth when fertilized at the rate of 60 kg P2O5/ha, whereas both M.prurienscultivars did not increase growth as a response to phosphoric fertilization. Due to the positive effect of phosphorus fertilization on growth of small-seeded legumes, it is important to validate the use of this fertilizer to achieve rapid soil cover, which could decrease weed competition.

scholarly journals Combined effects of cover crops and herbicide rotation as proactive weed management in pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr) in Huimanguillo Tabasco, Mexico.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
RUBEN GARCIA DE LA CRUZ ◽  
Eustolia García- López
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Reduced Rate

Objective: to evaluate the effect of two proactive strategies for weed management in pineapple, including (1) cover crop rotation and reduced rate of herbicide (RRH) and (2) cover crop association and RRH. Design/Methodology/Approach: We conducted pineapple field experiments in Huimanguillo, Tabasco Mexico, using a complete randomized block design for both rotation and association experiments. Weed occurrence were registered and classified. The weed management effect of cover crops such as cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea), stylo (Stylozanthes guanensis) and velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) were evaluated alone and combined with three herbicides. Data of soil ground cover and  weed suppression levels were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and the means were separated by Least Significant Differences (LSD) at P = 0.05. Results:          Synergistic interaction was detected for weed suppression in all cover crops and herbicide treatments.  Combined effects of metribuzin and pendimethalin herbicides with cover crops varied from 80%- 90 % of weed suppression until 90 days after treatment (DAT); however, when cover crops were combined with haloxifop plus diuron, 100 %   of weed control was achieved until 90 DAT.   Study limitations/implications. Irrigation, weather conditions may affect observations. Findings/Conclusions: Our results showed that all cover crops, specially Vigna unguiculata and Mucuna pruriens in a rotation system, along with reduced rate of herbicides is novel approach strategy for weed management in pineapple plantation. Cover crops such as cowpea might improve crop performance, productivity and feasibility for farmers. The reduced rates of preemergence herbicides and cover crops will be very helpful for the farmers and for protection of environment. Keywords:  Cover crops, Anananas comosus, herbicide, weed suppression, integrated weed management

scholarly journals Effect of Brassica Cover Crops and Hazelnut Husk Mulch on Weed Control in Hazelnut Orchards

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husrev Mennan ◽  
Mathieu Ngouajio
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Hazelnut Husk ◽  
Oriental Mustard

Weed management is critical in hazelnut (Corylus avellana) production. Weeds reduce nutrient availability, interfere with tree growth, and reduce hand-harvesting efficiency. Field experiments were conducted from Fall 2006 to 2010 to test effects of brassica (Brassica sp.) cover crops and hazelnut husk mulch as alternative weed management strategies in hazelnut. The cover crop treatments consisted of rape (Brassica napus), field mustard (Brassica rapa), oriental mustard (Brassica juncea), and fallow with no cover crop. Hazelnut husk was surface-applied at two thicknesses, 5- and 10-cm-thick layer. Dry biomass production by the cover crops was relatively consistent among years with oriental mustard producing the most biomass. Throughout the growing seasons, the cover crops reduced weed density, weed dry weight, and the number of weed species when compared with the fallow treatment. The most effective cover crop at suppressing weeds was oriental mustard. Hazelnut husk applied as a 10-cm-thick layer on the ground was highly effective at controlling weeds up to 180 days after application and reduced total weed dry weight by 83% at the end of the season. Our findings indicate that brassica cover crops or hazelnut husk may help control annual weed species in hazelnut orchards during early summer. However, these strategies should be combined with other methods like chemicals or cultivation for adequate weed management.

Weed Management in Small Grains Harvested for Grain

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Ferrell ◽  
Gregory MacDonald ◽  
Pratap Devkota
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Good Management ◽  
Small Grains ◽  
Crop Competition

Successful weed control in small grains involves using good management practices in all phases of production. In Florida, winter weeds compete with small grains for moisture, nutrients, and light, with the greatest amount of competition occurring during the first six to eight weeks after planting. Weeds also cause harvest problems the following spring when the small grain is mature. This 4-page publication discusses crop competition, knowing your weeds, and chemical control. Written by J. A. Ferrell, G. E. MacDonald, and P. Devkota, and published by the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department, revised May 2020.

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