scholarly journals Effects of Interspecific Grafting Between Capsicum Species on Scion Fruit Quality Characteristics

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Andrey Vega-Alfaro ◽  
Paul C. Bethke ◽  
James Nienhuis
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Soilborne Pathogens ◽  
Soil Pathogens

Production of Capsicum annuum peppers is often limited, especially in tropical environments, by susceptibility to soil pathogens including Ralstonia solanacearum. Grafting desirable cultivars onto selected rootstocks can increase adaptation to abiotic stress and is an alternative to pesticides for managing soilborne pathogens. Cultivars of two other pepper species, Capsicum baccatum and Capsicum chinense, are tolerant or resistant to an array of soilborne pathogens and have potential as rootstocks; however, knowledge of how interspecific grafting may affect scion fruit quality is lacking. Flowering time, yield, and fruit quality characteristics were evaluated in 2017 and 2020 for C. annuum cultivars Dulcitico, Nathalie (2017), Gypsy (2020), and California Wonder used as scions grafted onto Aji Rico (C. baccatum) and Primero Red (C. chinense) rootstocks, including self-grafted and nongrafted scion checks. In 2020, the rootstocks per se were evaluated. The two rootstocks (‘Aji Rico’ and ‘Primero Red’), three scions, and self- and nongrafted scions were evaluated using a factorial, replicated, completely randomized design in fields at the West Madison and Eagle Heights Agricultural Research Stations located in Madison, WI, in 2017 and 2020, respectively. Differences among the main effects for scion fruit quality characteristics were consistent with cultivar descriptions. No scion × rootstock interactions were observed. Rootstocks did not result in changes in total fruit number, yield, fruit shape (length-to-width ratio), or soluble solids of scion fruit compared with self- and nongrafted checks. The rootstock ‘Primero Red’ increased fruit weight and decreased time to flowering regardless of scion compared with self- and nongrafted checks. All scions were sweet (nonpungent) cultivars and both rootstocks were pungent cultivars. No capsaicinoids were detected in the fruit of sweet pepper scions grafted onto pungent pepper rootstocks. The results indicate that interspecific grafts involving ‘Aji Rico’ and ‘Primero Red’ will not have deleterious effects on fruit quality characteristics of sweet pepper scions.

scholarly journals Pepino Dulce (Solanum muricatum Ait.) Quality Characteristics Respond to Nitrogen Nutrition and Salinity

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pluda ◽  
H.D. Rabinowitch ◽  
U. Kafkafi
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Soluble Solids

The effect of fertigation with N-NO3 at 3, 6, or 12 mmol·liter-1, and 0, 3, or 6 dS·m-1 chloride ions on fruit quality of three pepino dulce selections was studied. Genotypes varied considerably in their response to mineral treatments in most quality characteristics. Variation in fruit size was greatly reduced when clusters were thinned to three fruit. Increasing chloride concentration in the nutrient soltuion reduced fruit size significantly and ascorbic acid concentration relative to the control, but fruit shape was not affected. Increases in NaCl salt, but not N concentration, resulted in significantly higher soluble solids concentration (SSC) and firmness in all three genotypes. Electrical conductivity, acidity, and pH were significantly affected by the two mineral treatments in the first trial, but remained unchanged in the second season. Fruit firmness, SSC, and acidity declined by 12% to 30%, whereas ascorbic acid content increased during 14 days storage at room temperature. These changes depended on genotype and environment during fruit growth and development. Organoleptic ratings were highest in salt-treated plants. Fruit quality of pepino dulce may be manipulated by crop management, thus improving its acceptability in Western markets.

scholarly journals Characterization of Tomato Accessions for Morphological, Agronomic, Fruit Quality, and Virus Resistance Traits

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislava Grozeva ◽  
Amol N. Nankar ◽  
Daniela Ganeva ◽  
Ivanka Tringovska ◽  
Gancho Pasev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Virus Resistance ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Tomato Mosaic Virus ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Resistance Traits

Characterization of local germplasm is an effective way to identify elite breeding material and develop improved varieties. This study was aimed to assess 52 tomato accessions comprised of local varieties (28), landraces (8), breeding lines (14), and wild relatives (2) and its characterization for 30 morphological/agronomic, four fruit quality, and Tomato Mosaic Virus (ToMV) resistance traits. Morphological, quality, and ToMV traits were evaluated using phenotyping, biochemical assays, and molecular markers, respectively. Fruit shape and size showed appreciable variation with fruits varied from rounded to heart shape and small to big size. Significant variation was observed for fruit weight (1.6g to 564.8g), fruits per plant (6.0 to 174.7), productivity (130.5g to 5146.5g), soluble solids (4.1% to 8.4%), vitamin C (9.5 mg/100g to 46.4 mg/100g), antioxidant activity (2.5 μmol Fe2+/g FW to 9.6 μmol Fe2+/g FW), and total polyphenols (23.9 GAE/100g FW to 124.2 GAE/100g FW). All accessions were phenotypically screened for the virus resistance in the growth chamber and CAPS molecular markers were used to identify accessions with ToMV Tm-22 resistant alleles and accessions LYC-13, LYC-15, LYC-17, LYC-26, and LYC-52 were identified as resistant. Multivariate analysis of morphological and quality traits showed that 35 principal components (PCs) contributed to the total variation and the first two and twelve PCs explained 47.2% and 90% variation, respectively. The evaluated tomato collection appears to have breeding potential and around 20% accessions of the collection (LYC-6, LYC 17-18, LYC 26-31, LYC 33) are promising genetic resources for variety development that are enriched with enhanced fruit quality and high yield.

scholarly journals GENETIC VARIANCES AND CORRELATIONS AMONG FRUIT QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS IN A Lycopersicon. esculentum × L. pennellii BACKCROSS POPULATION.

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 584a-584
Author(s):  
James Nienhuis ◽  
Steve Schroeder ◽  
Gretchen King
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Backcross Population ◽  
F1 Hybrid

An accession of the wild species of tomato, L. pennellii (Cor.) D'Arcy, LA 1077 is much more water-use efficient (WUE) than the cultivated tomato. The F1 hybrid between L. esculentum cultivar UC82 and LA 1077 was backcrossed to UC8 2 and selfed. S1 families (BC1S1) were evaluated for fruit quality characteristics at the Heinz Research Farm, Stockton, CA. Broad sense heritabilities were estimated as follows: Fruit weight, 0.52 ± .28; Soluble solids 0.56 ± .27; viscosity 0.63 ± .27; pH 0.43 ±.29 Color L 0.59 ± .27 and Color A/B ratio 0.50 ± .28. The following phenotypic correlations were observed in the BC1S1 generation between expression of soluble solids and fruit quality characteristics: Fruit weight (g), 0.15; viscosity, -0.65; pH -0.52; Color L, -0.53 and Color A/B ratio 0.02.

scholarly journals Estimating the Genetic Architecture of Fruit Quality Traits in Melon Using a Genomic Library of Near Isogenic Lines

2007 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iban Eduardo ◽  
Pere Arús ◽  
Antonio José Monforte ◽  
Javier Obando ◽  
Juan Pablo Fernández-Trujillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Genomic Library ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Isogenic Line ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Solids Content

A melon (Cucumis melo L.) genomic library of near-isogenic lines derived from the cross between the Spanish cultivar Piel de Sapo and the exotic accession PI 161375 has been evaluated for fruit quality traits in four different locations. Traits evaluated were fruit weight, soluble solids content, maximum fruit diameter, fruit length, fruit shape index, ovary shape index, external color, and flesh color. Among these traits, soluble solids content showed the highest genotype × environment interaction, whereas genotype × environment interactions for fruit shape and fruit weight were low. Heritability was high for all traits except soluble solids content, with the highest value for fruit shape and ovary shape. Ten to 15 quantitative trait loci were detected for soluble solids content, fruit diameter, fruit length, and fruit shape; and four to five for ovary shape, external color, and flesh color. Depending on the trait, between 13% and 40% of the detected quantitative trait alleles from PI 161375 increased the trait, and between 60% and 87% of them decreased it, resulting in some PI 161375 alleles of interest for breeding. Most of the quantitative trait loci detected in previous experiments could be verified with the near-isogenic line population. Future studies with the melon near-isogenic line genomic library will provide a better understanding of the genetic control of melon fruit quality in a wider context related to agronomy, genetics, genomics and metabolomics studies.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits in Pepino (Solanum muricatum) in Two Growing Seasons

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rodríguez-Burruezo ◽  
J. Prohens ◽  
F. Nuez
Keyword(s):  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Solanum Muricatum ◽  
Genotypic Correlations ◽  
Season Interaction

Twenty-six clones of pepino (Solanum muricatum Aiton) were evaluated for yield, fruit weight, fruit shape (length to width ratio), soluble solids concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), and ascorbic acid concentration (AAC) over two growing seasons: autumn-winter (AW) and spring-summer (SS). Significant differences were found for the effects of clone, season, and clon× season interaction for all traits, except in the case of season for fruit shape. Mean values for yield, SSC, and AAC were higher in the AW than in the SS season, while mean fruit weight and TA were lower. Many clones (13 in AW and six in SS) had a yield higher than 30 t·ha-1. Substantial genotypic variation was found for all traits studied except for SSC. Clones stable for all traits were detected over both seasons, except for SSC, where the differences between seasons were very high. The significant clone × season interaction for all traits indicates that selection of genotypes adapted specifically to either AW or SS seasons would maximize the response to selection. Broad sense heritabilities were highest for fruit shape and yield (>0.70), while SSC had the lowest values (0.39 in AW, 0.17 in SS, and almost 0 when considering both seasons combined). For the AW season, significant fruit weight-SSC and fruit weight-AAC genotypic correlations were detected; for the SS season the significant genotypic correlations were yield-SSC, fruit weight-TA, fruit shape-TA, and SSC-TA. Results suggest there are ample opportunities for improving several traits in this crop using intraspecific variation for adaptation to specific environments.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF SEVERAL ECOTYPES OF CORNELIAN CHERRY (Cornus mas L.) IN POLISH CONDIOTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Iwona Szot ◽  
Tomasz Lipa ◽  
Bożena Sosnowska
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Cornelian Cherry ◽  
Cornus Mas

Cornelian cherry is a little-known plant that can be grown in Poland both on a commercial and amateur scale. The commercial cornelian cherry plantations should be established using selected cultivars or vegetatively propagated valuable ecotypes, as only this guarantees a uniform yield, maturation and standardization of fruit quality. The experiment was carried out in 2014 and 2015 in the private plantation of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) located in Dąbrowica, near Lublin (22.454 N; 51.270 E). The subject of the research were ecotypes No.: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14, 15 obtained as seedlings in 1998. Cornelian cherry plants obtained from seeds differed very much in the yield and quality of fruit. The fruit characteristics for the examined ecotypes ranged to 1.63–2.21 g for fruit weight, 1.30–1.61 for fruit shape index, 10.13–15.32% for content of stone, 17.85–22.68% for soluble solids content (SSC), 2.32–3.0% for titratable acidity (TA), 6.59–8.36 for SSC/TA, 54.9–75.97 for vitamin C content. Among the ecotypes studied in terms of external fruit features, ecotypes No. 3 and 4 were distinguished due to the largest fruits (mass and diameter) and relatively small share of the stone in the whole mass of the fruit. However, due to the chemical composition, the fruits of ecotype No. 5 were distinguished by the content of extract, extract to acids ratio, sugar, dry matter, anthocyanins and vitamin C content. These fruits enjoyed 55% strong acceptability among adults. The indicated ecotypes can be used in breeding as well as in nursery for obtaining valuable varieties of cornelian cherry for production in Poland.

scholarly journals High-density linkage map construction and identification of loci regulating fruit quality traits in blueberry

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Molla F. Mengist ◽  
Hamed Bostan ◽  
Elisheba Young ◽  
Kristine L. Kay ◽  
Nicholas Gillitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Map ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
High Density ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Quality Traits ◽  
High Density Linkage Map

AbstractFruit quality traits play a significant role in consumer preferences and consumption in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L). The objectives of this study were to construct a high-density linkage map and to identify the underlying genetic basis of fruit quality traits in blueberry. A total of 287 F1 individuals derived from a cross between two southern highbush blueberry cultivars, ‘Reveille’ and ‘Arlen’, were phenotyped over three years (2016–2018) for fruit quality-related traits, including titratable acidity, pH, total soluble solids, and fruit weight. A high-density linkage map was constructed using 17k single nucleotide polymorphisms markers. The linkage map spanned a total of 1397 cM with an average inter-loci distance of 0.08 cM. The quantitative trait loci interval mapping based on the hidden Markov model identified 18 loci for fruit quality traits, including seven loci for fruit weight, three loci for titratable acidity, five loci for pH, and three loci for total soluble solids. Ten of these loci were detected in more than one year. These loci explained phenotypic variance ranging from 7 to 28% for titratable acidity and total soluble solid, and 8–13% for pH. However, the loci identified for fruit weight did not explain more than 10% of the phenotypic variance. We also reported the association between fruit quality traits and metabolites detected by Proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis directly responsible for these fruit quality traits. Organic acids, citric acid, and quinic acid were significantly (P < 0.05) and positively correlated with titratable acidity. Sugar molecules showed a strong and positive correlation with total soluble solids. Overall, the study dissected the genetic basis of fruit quality traits and established an association between these fruit quality traits and metabolites.

scholarly journals The Effect of Weed Competition on Apple Fruit Quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ersin ATAY ◽  
Seckin GARGIN ◽  
Ahmet ESITKEN ◽  
N. Pinar GUZEL ◽  
A. Nilgun ATAY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
High Density ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

Orchard performance is influenced by weed competition. In this study, the effects of weed competition on nutrient contents, chemical and physical fruit quality properties were sought. The study was carried out in a high-density apple orchard (‘Golden Delicious’/M.9) over two consecutive growing seasons. The effect of weed competition was studied at three different levels: weak, moderate and strong. Fruit firmness, soluble solids content, macronutrients (such as nitrogen, potassium and calcium) and potassium+magnesium/calcium ratio in fruit were significantly affected by weed competition. Strong weed competition negatively affected soluble solids content and potassium+magnesium/calcium ratio. In both trial years, soluble solids content was significantly higher in weak weed competition. In the first year of the study, soluble solids content ranged between 13.77±0.06% (strong weed competition) and 15.20±0.10% (weak weed competition). In the following year, soluble solids content values were determined as 13.13±0.23% in strong weed competition and 13.83±0.21% in weak weed competition. Weak weed competition showed superiority for fruit weight and potassium+magnesium/calcium ratio. As a whole, this study indicates that insufficient weed control in tree rows might be a limiting factor for fruit quality in high-density apple orchards.

scholarly journals Morphological, Leaf Nutrient, and Fruit Quality Characteristics of Diverse Tomato Cultivars under Organic Low-Input Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 12326
Author(s):  
Leangsrun Chea ◽  
Cut Erika ◽  
Marcel Naumann ◽  
Inga Smit ◽  
Bernd Horneburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Tomato Cultivars

Increasing fruit yield and quality of tomatoes under organic low-input conditions remains a challenge for producers and breeders. Therefore, it is necessary to identify superior tomato cultivars that are suitable for production and use as parents in breeding programmes. In the present study, the variations in plant morphology and fruit quality characteristics of tomato cultivars were assessed to reveal the traits associated with improved yield and fruit quality. Sixty diverse tomato cultivars were screened in 2015, and in 2016, a subset of 20 cultivars was selected for further evaluation under organic low-input conditions. The results showed high variability among cultivars in all 28 traits that were observed. Salad cultivars had lower plant growth and fruit quality (minerals, dry matter, total soluble solids, and total phenolics) by 10–70%, but they displayed 10–60% higher fruit yield and leaf minerals than cocktail cultivars. Salad tomato cultivars with superior yield and harvest index were mainly derived from breeding for intensive indoor production. Cocktail cultivars with superior yield were mainly derived from organic and outdoor breeding programs. There was a trade-off between fruit yield and quality, indicating a challenge for simultaneous improvement of yield and quality. The importance of Mg was highlighted because of its contribution to the fruit mineral concentration and fruit quality. Cultivars superior in one trait or trait combination under organic low-input conditions were identified to be used by producers and breeders as superior cultivars to meet their production targets and breeding objectives. The importance of Mg provides a novel path for further research on improving soil-available Mg in organic tomato production to enhance fruit mineral concentration and fruit quality in general.

scholarly journals Fruit production and quality of mini-watermelon with different number of stems, in troughs cultivation system and substrate reuse

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-486
Author(s):  
Josiéle Garcia Dutra ◽  
◽  
Roberta Marins Nogueira Peil ◽  
Tatiana da Silva Duarte ◽  
Cesar Valmor Rombaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
The One

Substrate-filled pots are growing systems commonly used for vegetable farming. However, few are the studies available relating them to mini-watermelon cultivation. Our study presents a growing system using substrate-filled troughs and leachate recirculation as a low-cost and less environmentally harmful soilless cultivation system for mini-watermelons. For a growing system to be viable and provide high fruit yield and quality, several aspects must be studied, including substrate physical properties and reuse potential in successive crops, besides plant management-related aspects. Therefore, our goal was to evaluate the effects of a trough system and substrate reuse on changes in the properties of raw rice husk and on fruit yield and quality for mini-watermelons at different stem training. To this purpose, two trials were conducted using nutrient solution recirculation systems. In the first, we evaluated the effects of pot and trough systems. In the second, first- and second-use substrates were compared in the trough system. In both trials, one and two-stem training systems were analyzed. The results of the first trial show that the trough system had a greater positive impact on substrate water holding capacity (WHC), which increased from 7.9 to 15.6%, while the pots increased substrate WHC only to 11.2%. However, both systems neither affected fruit yield (8 kg/m² on average) nor fruit quality. The two-stem training promoted higher fruit yields (4.2 kg/plant) and contents of total soluble solids - TSS (11.4 °Brix) but did not affect average fruit weight. Moreover, the one-stem training provided higher fruit number (7.3 fruits/m²) and fruit yield (9.7 kg/m²). In the second trial, the reused substrate showed a higher WHC (12.4%) than the one used for the first time (9.9%). The reused substrate also provided better results in terms of fruit yield and quality (5.9 fruits/m², 5.3 kg/m², and 10.5o Brix). In the second trial, two-stem training also increased average fruit weight, and hence yields per plant. Nevertheless, the stem number did not affect fruit number per plant, fruit yield per square meter, and fruit quality.

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