Response of Plant Growth and Development, and Accumulation of Hydroxyl-cinnamoyl Acid Derivatives to Selected Shade Nets and Seasonality of Field-grown Bush Tea (Athrixia phylicoides DC.)

Horticultural practices and quality of bush tea (Athrixia phylicoides DC.) are critical for herbal tea industrialization. The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of selected shade nets and seasonal variation on plant growth and development, and hydroxycinnamic acid content of field-grown bush tea. The trial was laid out in a randomized complete block design consisting of three shade nets (black, green, and white) and control or full sunlight with three different light intensities (40%, 50%, and 80%) replicated three times. Proportion of intercepted radiation by the canopy, chlorophyll content, plant height, and fresh and dry mass were measured, and hydroxycinnamic acid accumulation was determined. In addition, hydroxycinnamic acid composition was determined using liquid chromatography linked to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The application of shade nets resulted in plant growth and yield reduction as compared with the plants exposed to full sunlight during summer followed by white shade net. The accumulation of hydroxycinnamic acid was higher in 80% white shade net plots compared with unshaded plants (control) and the other shade nets. Therefore, lack of shading provides a conducive environment to enhance plant growth and development of bush tea. The white shade net (80%) was an effective microclimate tool to enhance accumulation of caffeoylquinic acid (m/z 353), p-coumaric acids (m/z 337), dicaffeoylquinic acid (m/z 515), and tricaffeoylquinic acids of bush tea. This study is the first to demonstrate light as a determining factor for production of chlorogenates in bush tea plants. Future studies will be conducted to determine the effect of light on extracts of the bush tea using different solvents.

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APLIKASI KONSENTRASI AIR KELAPA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN LOBAK (Raphanus sativus L.)

J-PEN Borneo : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian ◽

10.35334/jpen.v2i2.1507 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Alfius Heselo ◽

Sumiyati Tuhuteru

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Raphanus Sativus ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Block Design ◽

Water Concentration ◽

Coconut Water ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Plant Growth And Development ◽

Raphanus Sativus L ◽

Number Of Leaves

ABSTRACT Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) are tuber-shaped vegetable that contains antibiotics against several types of bacteria and antioxidants. Growth regulators (PGR) are organic compounds other than nutrients that in small amounts can stimulate, inhibit or change pattern of plant growth and development. One of PGR that easily obtained is coconut water. This PGR contains several hormones which are very important for plant growth and development. This study aims to determine effect of coconut water concentration on growth and development of radish and to determine the best concentration of coconut water for growth and yield of radish. The study was conducted with experimental design used was Complete Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD), which consisted of L0: 0%; L1: 25% concentration; L2: 50%; L3: 75%; and L4: 100% concentration. The results showed concentration of coconut water significantly affected growth and yield of radish, namely the observation of 2, 4 and 6 weeks after moving planting (WAMP), parameters of plant height and number of leaves indicated on the observation of 6 WAMP, and weight of radish tubers. Then, the concentration of coconut water that is suitable for growth and yield of radish is a concentration of 50% and 75%. Key words: Coconut Water, Concentration, PGR, Radish, Rhapanus sativus. ABSTRAK Lobak (Raphanus sativus L.) merupakan salah satu sayuran yang berbentuk umbi yang mengandung antibiotik terhadap beberapa jenis bakteri dan antioksidan. Zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT) adalah persenyawaan organik selain dari nutrien yang dalam jumlah sedikit dapat merangsang, menghambat atau mengubah pola pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman. Salah satu ZPT yang mudah diperoleh adalah air kelapa. ZPT ini mempunyai kandungan beberapa hormon yang sangat penting bagi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi air kelapa terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman lobak serta Untuk mengetahui konsentrasi air kelapa yang terbaik bagi pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman lobak (Raphanus sativus L.). Penelitian dilaksanakan pada juni hingga September 2018 dengan susunan rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL), yang terdiri atas L0: Konsentrasi 0%; L1: Konsentrasi 25%; L2: Konsentrasi 50%; L3: Konsentrasi 75%; L4: Konsentrasi 100%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi air kelapa berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman lobak, yakni pada pengamatan 2, 4 dan 6 MSPT parameter tinggi tanaman lobak, dan parameter jumlah daun yang ditunjukkan pada pengamatan 6 MST, serta bobot umbi lobak. Kemudian, konsentrasi air kelapa yang sesuai bagi pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman lobak adalah konsentrasi 50% dan 75%. Kata kunci: Air Kelapa, Konsentrasi, Lobak, Rhapanus sativus L, ZPT.

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Cotton aphid feeding preference and the development of watermelon plants treated with silicon

Revista de Ciências Agroveterinárias ◽

10.5965/223811712022021170 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 170-174

Author(s):

Rosane Rodrigues da Costa Pereira ◽

Mara Pestana Leite ◽

Douglas Marcelo Pinheiro da Silva ◽

Ronelza Rodrigues da Costa Zaché ◽

Carlos Eduardo Pereira

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Block Design ◽

Aphis Gossypii ◽

Preference Test ◽

Feeding Preference ◽

Plant Growth And Development ◽

Cotton Aphid ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Agriculture And Environment

The cotton aphid is one of the main watermelon crop pests and may cause a reduction in productivity due to the suction of sap, the transmission of viruses, and decreased photosynthetic capacity. The objective of this research was to evaluate the feeding preference of the aphid Aphis gossypii and the biometric aspects of watermelon cultivar plants submitted to silicon application. The experiment was conducted at the Institute of Education, Agriculture, and Environment of the Federal University of Amazonas, in Humaitá, Brazil. A randomized complete block design was used for testing preference with choice and a completely randomized design to study the biometric parameters of the plants. The treatments were distributed in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme (with and without silicon and considering cultivars Crimson Sweet, Fairfax, and Charleston). Silicic acid was applied at a 1% concentration directly on the substrate around the plants (equivalent to 1 t SiO2 ha-1), 25 days after sowing. The aphids in the breeding were kept in cucumber plants of cultivar Caipira. The treatments were evaluated through the preference test on watermelon cultivars and biometric studies of plant growth and development. The data were submitted to an analysis of variance, and the means were compared using the F and Scott-Knott tests at the 5% probability level. Silicon does not affect the preference of Aphis gossypii in different watermelon cultivars and negatively affects plant growth and development.

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Use of Models as Non-destructive Method for Leaf Area Estimation in Horticultural Crops

IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2455-4499) ◽

10.21013/jas.v4.n1.p19 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

F. A. Khan ◽

F. A. Banday ◽

S. Narayan ◽

F. U. Khan ◽

S. A. Bhat

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Plant Growth And Development ◽

Area Estimation ◽

Horticultural Crops ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Estimation Models

<div><p><em>Leaf area estimation is an important biometrical trait for evaluating leaf development and plant growth analysis in field study of horticultural as well as other species of crop plants. These measurements can be made either destructively and/or non-destructively by using a variety of sensitive instruments as well as models of leaf area estimation. Easy, accurate, cost-effective, and nondestructive methods of leaf area estimation are useful tool in physiological studies related to plant growth and development. The use of regression equations is a nondestructive, simple, quick, accurate, reliable and not expensive method of leaf area estimation. The usual procedure of this method involves measuring length (L), breadth (W) and/or dry mass (M) of a sample of leaves and then calculating the several possible regression coefficients or leaf factors to estimate the area of subsequent leaf samples. Computer programs such as Excel, SAS and SPSS may be used in this process. The paper thrashed out several leaf area estimation models of horticultural crops from the available literature and synthesized in tabular form for the use of researchers. Article also offered some advantages and disadvantages of leaf area estimation models used for analyzing the plant growth and development. </em></p></div>

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Improving Performance of Salt-Grown Crops by Exogenous Application of Plant Growth Regulators

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11060788 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 788

Author(s):

Md. Quamruzzaman ◽

S. M. Nuruzzaman Manik ◽

Sergey Shabala ◽

Meixue Zhou

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Salinity Tolerance ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Plant Growth And Development ◽

Crop Breeding ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

The Impact

Soil salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses restricting plant growth and development. Application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) is a possible practical means for minimizing salinity-induced yield losses, and can be used in addition to or as an alternative to crop breeding for enhancing salinity tolerance. The PGRs auxin, cytokinin, nitric oxide, brassinosteroid, gibberellin, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, jasmonate, and ethylene have been advocated for practical use to improve crop performance and yield under saline conditions. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the effectiveness of various PGRs in ameliorating the detrimental effects of salinity on plant growth and development, and elucidates the physiological and genetic mechanisms underlying this process by linking PGRs with their downstream targets and signal transduction pathways. It is shown that, while each of these PGRs possesses an ability to alter plant ionic and redox homeostasis, the complexity of interactions between various PGRs and their involvement in numerous signaling pathways makes it difficult to establish an unequivocal causal link between PGRs and their downstream effectors mediating plants’ adaptation to salinity. The beneficial effects of PGRs are also strongly dependent on genotype, the timing of application, and the concentration used. The action spectrum of PGRs is also strongly dependent on salinity levels. Taken together, this results in a rather narrow “window” in which the beneficial effects of PGR are observed, hence limiting their practical application (especially under field conditions). It is concluded that, in the light of the above complexity, and also in the context of the cost–benefit analysis, crop breeding for salinity tolerance remains a more reliable avenue for minimizing the impact of salinity on plant growth and yield. Further progress in the field requires more studies on the underlying cell-based mechanisms of interaction between PGRs and membrane transporters mediating plant ion homeostasis.

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Closed soilless growing system for producing strawberry bare root transplants and runner tips

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2008001200016 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 43 (12) ◽

pp. 1757-1761 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Gustavo Giménez ◽

Jerônimo Luiz Andriolo ◽

Djeimi Janisch ◽

Rodrigo Godoi

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Organic Substrate ◽

Plant Growth And Development ◽

Substrate Layer ◽

Bare Root

The objective of this work was to test a closed soilless growing system for producing bare root transplants and runner tips of two strawberry clones, using two categories of substrates. The system used corrugated roofing panels of fiber-cement, over which a substrate layer was used as a growing bed. The nutrient solution was pumped from a reservoir toward the upper end of the roofing panels and drained back to a reservoir. Plant growth and development were determined for two advanced strawberry clones, grown in sand or in Plantmax organic substrate. Growth of the stock plants and the number and dry mass of bare root transplants were similar in the substrates, but bare roots differed in their crown diameters by substrate. For number of runner tips, no significant differences were found in total, small, and medium categories in the substrates. A mean production of about 590 runner tips per square meter and 145 bare root transplants per square meter was obtained. For both clones, a large number of bare root transplants and runner tips of adequate size were produced in the closed soilless growing system using sand or organic substrate.

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Current Understandings on Magnesium Deficiency and Future Outlooks for Sustainable Agriculture

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22041819 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 1819

Author(s):

Ahmad Hassan Chaudhry ◽

Shafa Nayab ◽

Syed Bilal Hussain ◽

Muqarrab Ali ◽

Zhiyong Pan

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Crop Production ◽

Magnesium Deficiency ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Plant Growth And Development ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Agricultural Produce ◽

Available Information

The productivity of agricultural produce is fairly dependent on the availability of nutrients and efficient use. Magnesium (Mg2+) is an essential macronutrient of living cells and is the second most prevalent free divalent cation in plants. Mg2+ plays a role in several physiological processes that support plant growth and development. However, it has been largely forgotten in fertilization management strategies to increase crop production, which leads to severe reductions in plant growth and yield. In this review, we discuss how the Mg2+ shortage induces several responses in plants at different levels: morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular. Additionally, the Mg2+ uptake and transport mechanisms in different cellular organelles and the role of Mg2+ transporters in regulating Mg2+ homeostasis are also discussed. Overall, in this review, we critically summarize the available information about the responses of Mg deficiency on plant growth and development, which would facilitate plant scientists to create Mg2+-deficiency-resilient crops through agronomic and genetic biofortification.

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Respon Pemberian Mikoriza Arbuskular Dalam Media Zeolit Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Kedelai

Jurnal Agrium ◽

10.29103/agrium.v10i1.1267 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Usnawiyah Usnawiyah ◽

Khaidir Khaidir

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Liquid Waste ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Growth Media ◽

Plant Growth And Development ◽

Fertilizer Use

Arbuscular mycorrhiza expected to increase the growth and yield of soybean. However, during the application requires another materials as growth media or spores carrier such as compos and zeolite. Zeolites are used as promoters for plant growth and development for the better through the efficient use of fertilizers. These minerals can retain nitrogen content in the soil, improve the quality of solid organic fertilizer and liquid waste. Zeolites can improve the efficiency of fertilizer use, both in stimulating plant growth and development and to increase agricultural output. Furthermore, it will support the work function of arbuscular mycorrhiza as root simbion

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Mechanisms of ethylene biosynthesis and response in plants

Essays in Biochemistry ◽

10.1042/bse0580061 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 58 ◽

pp. 61-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Paul B. Larsen

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽

Unsaturated Hydrocarbon ◽

Flower Senescence ◽

Detailed Knowledge ◽

Plant Growth And Development ◽

Step Process ◽

Ethylene Response ◽

Ethylene Signalling

Ethylene is the simplest unsaturated hydrocarbon, yet it has profound effects on plant growth and development, including many agriculturally important phenomena. Analysis of the mechanisms underlying ethylene biosynthesis and signalling have resulted in the elucidation of multistep mechanisms which at first glance appear simple, but in fact represent several levels of control to tightly regulate the level of production and response. Ethylene biosynthesis represents a two-step process that is regulated at both the transcriptional and post-translational levels, thus enabling plants to control the amount of ethylene produced with regard to promotion of responses such as climacteric flower senescence and fruit ripening. Ethylene production subsequently results in activation of the ethylene response, as ethylene accumulation will trigger the ethylene signalling pathway to activate ethylene-dependent transcription for promotion of the response and for resetting the pathway. A more detailed knowledge of the mechanisms underlying biosynthesis and the ethylene response will ultimately enable new approaches to be developed for control of the initiation and progression of ethylene-dependent developmental processes, many of which are of horticultural significance.

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