1-Methylcyclopropene Preharvest Application and Its Effect on Storability of ‘Comice’ and ‘Bosc’ Pears

Sprayable formulation of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) was tested as a preharvest application on European pears to determine the best timing and rate of 1-MCP application for maintaining fruit firmness and quality of trees during harvest and in storage after harvest. Two rates of 1-MCP, 0.06 and 0.13 g⋅L−1 active ingredient (a.i.) (minimum and maximum rates, respectively), were sprayed 1 week and 2 weeks before commercial harvest on two cultivars, Bosc and Comice, in 2017 and 2018. After 2 months in cold storage (0 ± 1 °C), differences in fruit firmness of both cultivars were observed among treatments. For ‘Bosc’, fruit treated with both rates 1 week before harvest were 50% firmer than nontreated control fruit. For ‘Comice’, fruit treated with the maximum rate both 2 weeks and 1 week before commercial harvest were 46% and 31% firmer than nontreated control fruit, respectively. However, after 4 months in storage, no differences in fruit firmness of both ‘Bosc’ and ‘Comice’ were observed among treatments. The sprayable 1-MCP application applied 2 weeks before commercial harvest also affected the fruit firmness on trees. The maximum rate of 1-MCP treatment consistently maintained the fruit firmness by 5.0 N compared with fruit treated with the minimum rate and nontreated controls. This effect was significant until 1 week after commercial harvest for both cultivars and until 2 weeks after commercial harvest for ‘Bosc’. The poststorage fruit firmness and overall eating quality of ‘Bosc’ were unaffected by the maximum rate of 1-MCP application as well as the extended harvest time. However, for ‘Comice’, the overall eating quality was negatively impacted by 1-MCP treatments. This study suggests that the maximum rate (0.13 g⋅L−1 a.i.) of 1-MCP application 2 weeks before commercial harvest maintains the fruit firmness of ‘Bosc’ for at least 2 weeks more and offers an extended harvest window for better preharvest management. Furthermore, this treatment improves the physiological fruit quality such as senescence scald during the poststorage period without significantly affecting the poststorage ripening of ‘Bosc’ after 4 months of storage.

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Postharvest quality of ‘Baigent’ apples as a function of single and multiple preharvest spray aminoetoxivinylglycine and ethephon applications

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/0100-29452019153 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Cristina Soethe ◽

Cristiano André Steffens ◽

Fernando José Hawerroth ◽

Cassandro Vidal Talamini do Amarante ◽

Angélica Schmitz Heinzen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Production Rate ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Cold Storage ◽

Ethylene Production ◽

Rupture Strength ◽

Postharvest Quality ◽

Apple Trees ◽

Commercial Harvest ◽

Ethylene Production Rate

Abstract The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of single and multiple pre-harvest spray aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) applications with or without ethephon, in ‘Baigent’ apple trees cultivated under anti-hail screen and harvesting date on fruit quality after storage. The experiment was conducted in a commercial orchard in the municipality of Vacaria/RS, in the 2014/15 and 2015/16 harvests. Treatments consisted of: control (plants sprayed with water); AVG (125 mg L-1, 30 days before the predicted harvest date; BPHD); ethephon (120 mg L-1, seven BPHD); AVG (62.5 mg L-1 + 62.5 mg L-1, 30 and 20 BPHD); AVG (62.5 mg L-1 + 62.5 mg L-1, 30 and 20 BPHD) + ethephon (120 mg L-1, seven BPHD). Fruits of all treatments were harvested at commercial harvest (harvest 1) and after 14 days (harvest 2). Fruits were evaluated after four months of cold storage (0.5 °C ± 0.2 °C and RH 92 ± 5%). The use of AVG, regardless of single or multiple applications, reduced ethylene production rate, skin yellowing, farinaceous pulp and senescent degeneration incidence and maintained higher pulp firmness values and pulp penetration and skin rupture strength. Ethephon provided fruits with higher farinaceous pulp incidence. Fruit treated with AVG, regardless of single or multiple application and combination with ethephon, presents better quality after cold storage.

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Improved Fruit Color, Quality, and Shelf Life of `Pink Lady' Apples with Preharvest Application of Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) in Combination with Ethephon

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.39.4.781a ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 781A-781

Author(s):

Suparna Whale* ◽

Zora Singh ◽

John Janes

Keyword(s):

Shelf Life ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Cold Storage ◽

Fruit Color ◽

Fruit Firmness ◽

Total Anthocyanin ◽

Control Fruit ◽

Color Development ◽

And Control ◽

Quality And Shelf Life

The effects of preharvest application of AVG and ethephon alone, or in combinations, on color development, fruit quality and shelf life were tested in `Pink Lady' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) in Western Australia during 2002.The experiment aimed at improving color without adversely affecting fruit quality at harvest and after long term cold storage. Treatments included 124.5 g·ha-1 AVG only [148 Days after full bloom (DAFB)]; 280 g·ha-1 ethephon only (148 DAFB); AVG (148 DAFB) followed by ethephon (166 DAFB); and control. Fruit were evaluated for color development, internal ethylene concentration (IEC) and quality at commercial harvest(181DAFB) and 45, 90, and135 days after cold storage (1 °C ± 0.5 °C). At harvest, ethephon with or without AVG significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved red blush and total anthocyanin in fruit skin. AVG+ethephon treated-fruit had higher total anthocyanin and TSS compared to AVG alone and control fruit. There were no significant differences among different AVG and ethephon treatments for fruit firmness and IEC. During different storage periods, fruit treated with AVG alone and AVG+ethephon had significantly lower IEC compared to fruit treated with ethephon only and the control, however the interactions between treatments and storage periods were not significant for fruit firmness. AVG + ethephon and ethephon alone did not significantly affect fruit color during different storage periods, which showed that the subsequent ethephon spray on AVG-treated fruit had overcome the inhibitory effect of AVG. Our experimental results showed that application of AVG followed by ethephon improved color in `Pink Lady' apples without compromising fruit quality including firmness during extended cold storage.

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(20) Effect of Fruit Dipping into Germanium Solution Just After Harvest on Fruit Quality of `Niitaka' Asian Pear

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.40.4.993a ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 993A-993

Author(s):

Wol-Soo Kim ◽

Tae-Hyun Kim ◽

Soon-Ju Chung ◽

Hyun Suk Choi

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Cold Storage ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Cell Metabolism ◽

Fruit Firmness ◽

Mineral Element ◽

Asian Pear ◽

Flesh Browning

Germanium has been reported as a mineral element affecting plant cell metabolism. Many trials to supply germanium to fruit have been carried out since tests have confirmed germanium's role as a medical substance. Supplying germanium to orchards by soil and foliar application was not effective because of loss from rainfall. Also, tree injection with germanium solution required the insertion of a tube to the tree xylem at each injection site. In order to increase germanium absorption by fruit, this study carried out the postharvest dipping of fruit into germanium solution. `Niitaka' pear (Pyruspyrifolia) fruit was treated with two types of germanium, GeO (inorganic type) and Ge-132 (organic type), in a concentration of 50 mg·L–1 just after harvest in early Oct. 2004. Flesh browning after peeling the fruit was delayed by germanium treatment, and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) activities were lowered. Postharvest potentials were maintained at high levels for fruit firmness, physiological disorders, and decayed fruit during cold storage at 0 to 1 °C for 2 months. Antioxidant and some phenolic compounds were higher than those of control fruit.

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Intermittent Warming Reduces Tomato Fruit Quality Deterioration during Cold Storage

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.4.642b ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 642b-642

Author(s):

Abdul Hakim ◽

Errki Kaukovirta ◽

Eija Pehu ◽

Irma Voipio

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Cold Storage ◽

Tomato Fruit ◽

Fruit Firmness ◽

Quality Deterioration ◽

Control Fruit ◽

Fruit Decay ◽

Lycopene Content ◽

Intermittent Warming

Mature green tomatoes (cv. Vibelco) were stored at 2°C for 2, 3, and 4 weeks. Intermittent warming treatments for 12, 24, and 36 hours at 24°C were applied at the end of every week. Control Fruit were held continuously at 2°C. All fruit were subjected to poststorage ripening at 24°C for 7 days. Fruit decay, chlorophyll and lycopene content, fruit firmness, pH, TSS and TA were detected after storage or 7 days after transfer to 24°C. Results were compared between control and intermittently warmed fruit when stored at 2°C for 2, 3, and 4 weeks. Compared to fruit kept continuously at 2°C, intermittent warming at 24°C for 12, 24, and 36 hours reduced decay, increased chlorophyll disappearance, lycopene synthesis, and fruit firmness, enhanced pH and TSS, and declined TA. Fruit intermittently warmed for 36 hours/week showed the least decay, higher chlorophyll disappearance, and lycopene synthesis; retention of fruit firmness, pH, and TSS; and lower TA than fruit intermittently warmed for 12 and 24 hours/week. Decay percentage, lycopene content, pH, and TSS were increased from 2 to 4 weeks, but chlorophyll content, fruit firmness, and TA were declined.

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Sweet Cherry Fruit Firmness and Postharvest Quality of Late-maturing Cultivars Are Improved with Low-rate, Single Applications of Gibberellic Acid

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.48.8.1010 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 48 (8) ◽

pp. 1010-1017 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Todd C. Einhorn ◽

Yan Wang ◽

Janet Turner

Keyword(s):

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Cold Storage ◽

Skin Color ◽

Sweet Cherry ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Fruit Firmness ◽

Color Development ◽

Low Concentrations

Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) producers in the Pacific Northwest have devoted considerable acreage to late-maturing cultivars. By using these cultivars to extend the harvest window, producers avoid lower returns associated with cherries harvested during the peak period (i.e., midseason) when supplies are overly abundant. Over several years, we evaluated preharvest applications of gibberellic acid (GA3) between 10 and 100 ppm (a.i.) on the late-maturing sweet cherry cultivars Lapins, Skeena, Staccato, and Sweetheart. Individual trials examined the timing of GA3 applications and/or rate on fruit quality attributes at harvest and after 4 weeks of cold storage at 0 °C. The influence of GA3 timing and/or rate on sweet cherry skin color and harvest delay was also evaluated. Multiple applications split between the end of Stage II (pit hardening) and mid-Stage III (final fruit swell) of fruit development did not improve fruit quality attributes or delay skin color development of ‘Skeena’ and ‘Sweetheart’ compared with equivalent concentrations applied once at the end of Stage II. Low concentrations (between 10 and 25 ppm) consistently improved fruit firmness (FF) of all cultivars by 10% to 43%. No further improvements in FF were observed when rates exceeded 25 ppm. Skin color development was retarded by GA3 but did not respond in a consistent manner to increasing rate. Fruit size was not uniformly increased by GA3. In trials where GA3 had a positive effect on fruit size, the effect was observed at low concentrations and was not further improved with increasing rate. A cultivar-dependent response to GA3 was observed for return bloom. ‘Skeena’ reproductive buds per fruiting spur and flowers per floral bud in years after treatment were unaffected by GA3 concentration. On the contrary, the number of flowers per bud of ‘Lapins’ was significantly reduced to 79% and 38% of control levels for 50 and 100 ppm GA3, respectively. At 100 ppm, GA3 additionally limited the number of reproductive buds returning on fruiting spurs of ‘Lapins’. GA3 reduced stem browning and surface pitting disorder of ‘Sweetheart’ and ‘Lapins’ after 4 weeks of cold storage at 0 °C; however, these effects were optimized at 25 ppm. Respiration rate and weight loss were unaffected by GA3 at harvest or after 2 and 4 weeks of cold storage. Unidentified endogenous factors that regulate FF and are inducible by GA3 appear to be largely responsible for improved resistance to pitting. Collectively, the results demonstrate high sensitivity of cherry FF and skin color to GA3. Split applications did not provide further harvest delays or affect any of the attributes evaluated, possibly because low rates (20 ppm) applied at the first timing were sufficient to saturate the response. In general, fruit quality of late-maturing cultivars of sweet cherry was improved by low rates of GA3 applied in a single application at the end of pit hardening.

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Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene and gaseous ozone on Listeria innocua survival and fruit quality of Granny Smith apples during long-term commercial cold storage

Food Microbiology ◽

10.1016/j.fm.2021.103922 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 103922

Author(s):

Lina Sheng ◽

Xiaoye Shen ◽

Yuan Su ◽

Yansong Xue ◽

Hui Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Cold Storage ◽

Listeria Innocua ◽

Gaseous Ozone

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Fruit quality of ‘Eva’ e ‘Princesa’ apples grown under nitrogen fertigation in semiarid climate

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v19n10p967-972 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (10) ◽

pp. 967-972 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

João M. de S. Miranda ◽

Ítalo H. L. Cavalcante ◽

Inez V. de M. Oliveira ◽

Paulo R. C. Lopes ◽

Joston S. de Assis

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Skin Color ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Economic Viability ◽

Fruit Firmness ◽

Fruit Characteristics ◽

Apple Cultivars ◽

Fruit Mass

ABSTRACTThe production of high quality fruits is a necessary factor for the adaptation and production of plant species with economic viability. Thus, an experiment was conducted from July 2012 to January 2013 to evaluate the fruit quality of the ‘Eva’ and ‘Princesa’ apple cultivars as a function of nitrogen fertilization in Petrolina, PE, Brazil. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, with treatments distributed in a factorial arrangement 2 x 4, corresponding to apple cultivars (Eva and Princesa) and nitrogen doses (40; 80; 120 and 160 kg of N ha-1), with four replications and three plants in each plot. The fruit characteristics, such as fruit mass, skin color (luminosity, chromaticity, and colour angle), size (width and length), pulp firmness, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids (SS) and the SS/TA ratio, were recorded. Nitrogen doses do not affect fruit quality of studied apple cultivars. The fruit quality attributes are different between apple cultivars: fruit firmness, SS/TA ratio, fruit mass and fruit diameter are superior for Princesa cultivar, while the fruit length for Eva cultivar is superior.

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