To Estimate Prevalence of Hyperglycemia among Employees of Bell Metal Industries of Sarthebari, Assam

AbstractEstimates for prevalence of high blood pressure (BP) among adolescents in Africa vary widely and few studies, if any, have documented the results of the recommended stepwise BP screening. In this cross-sectional study in Tanzania, we aimed to estimate prevalence of sustained high BP in 3 public secondary schools using the American Academy of Pediatrics BP screening strategy. On Day 1, one screening automated office BP (AOBP) measurement (Step 1) was followed by two more AOBP measurements (Step 2). Repeat AOBP measurements were obtained after about one month on adolescents with high AOBP measurements on Day 1 (Step 3). Participants with sustained high BP underwent 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (step 4). Of all 500 enrolled participants, the prevalence of high blood pressure at each step in the process was 36.6% (183), 25.6% (128), 10.2% (51), and 2.6%(13) respectively for Steps 1–4. All except 6 students completed all 4 steps of the BP screening algorithm as indicated. We conclude that diagnosis of hypertension in African adolescents should use multiple AOBP measurements over multiple days followed by 24-h ABPM. Screening for high BP in school settings appears to be feasible and could provide a platform for cardiovascular disease education and health promotion.

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Association between Adherence with Recommended Antenatal Care in Low-Risk, Uncomplicated Pregnancy, and Maternal and Neonatal Adverse Outcomes: Evidence from Italy

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18010173 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 173

Author(s):

Giovanni Corrao ◽

Anna Cantarutti ◽

Anna Locatelli ◽

Gloria Porcu ◽

Luca Merlino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Population Based ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Low Risk ◽

Neonatal Outcomes ◽

Lombardy Region ◽

Uncomplicated Pregnancy ◽

Maternal And Neonatal Outcomes ◽

Estimate Prevalence

Antenatal care (ANC) aims of monitoring wellbeing of mother and foetus during pregnancy. We validate a set of indicators aimed of measuring the quality of ANC of women on low-risk, uncomplicated pregnancy through their relationship with maternal and neonatal outcomes. We conducted a population-based cohort study including 122,563 deliveries that occurred between 2015 and 2017 in the Lombardy Region, Italy. Promptness and appropriateness of number and timing of gynaecological visits, ultrasounds and laboratory tests were evaluated. We assessed several maternal and neonatal outcomes. Log-binomial regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratio (PR), and corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI), for the exposure→outcome association. Compared with women who adhered with recommendations, those who were no adherent had a significant higher prevalence of maternal intensive care units admission (PR: 3.1, 95%CI: 1.2–7.9; and 2.7, 1.1–7.0 respectively for promptness of gynaecological visits, and appropriateness of ultrasound examinations), low Apgar score (1.6, 1.1–1.2; 1.9, 1.3–2.7; and 2.1, 1.5–2.8 respectively for appropriateness and promptness of gynaecological visits, and appropriateness of ultrasound examinations), and low birth weight (1.8, 1.5–2.3 for appropriateness of laboratory test examinations). Benefits for mothers and newborn are expected from improving adherence to guidelines-driven recommendations regarding antenatal care even for low-risk, uncomplicated pregnancies.

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Uncovering prevalence of pangolin consumption using a technique for investigating sensitive behaviour

Oryx ◽

10.1017/s0030605320001040 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Alegria Olmedo ◽

Diogo Veríssimo ◽

E.J. Milner-Gulland ◽

Amy Hinsley ◽

Huong Thi Thu Dao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Representative Sample ◽

Ho Chi Minh City ◽

Viet Nam ◽

Rice Wine ◽

Population Declines ◽

Demographic Groups ◽

Prevalence Estimates ◽

The 1960S ◽

Local Use ◽

Estimate Prevalence

Abstract Pangolins have been exploited throughout history but evidence points to population declines across parts of their ranges since the 1960s, especially in Asia. This is the result of overexploitation for local use and international trade and trafficking of their derivatives. The prevalence of the consumption of pangolin products has been estimated for different localities in Viet Nam but, considering that national legislation prohibits the purchase of pangolin products, previous research has not accounted for the potential for biased responses. In this study, we treat pangolin consumption as a sensitive behaviour and estimate consumption prevalence of pangolin meat, scales and wine (a whole pangolin or pangolin parts or fluids soaked or mixed in rice wine) in Ho Chi Minh City using a specialized questioning method, the unmatched count technique. We also characterize the demographics of consumers. Our results suggest there is active consumption of all three pangolin products, with a best-estimate prevalence of 7% of a representative sample of Ho Chi Minh City residents for pangolin meat, 10% for scales and 6% for wine. Our prevalence estimates exceed estimates from direct questions, providing evidence for the sensitivity of pangolin consumption. We compared our analysis of consumer characteristics with existing profiles of pangolin consumers and found substantial differences, suggesting that consumption occurs among broader demographic groups than previously described. Our findings suggest that efforts to reduce demand for pangolin consumption in Viet Nam should focus on a broader range of consumers than previously identified.

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Meta-analyzing the prevalence and prognostic effect of antipsychotic exposure in clinical high-risk (CHR): when things are not what they seem

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291720004237 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Andrea Raballo ◽

Michele Poletti ◽

Antonio Preti

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Prognostic Impact ◽

Clinical High Risk ◽

Qualitative Synthesis ◽

Prognostic Effect ◽

Inverse Variance ◽

Arcsine Transformation ◽

Estimate Prevalence

Abstract Background The clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis paradigm is changing psychiatric practice. However, a widespread confounder, i.e. baseline exposure to antipsychotics (AP) in CHR samples, is systematically overlooked. Such exposure might mitigate the initial clinical presentation, increase the heterogeneity within CHR populations, and confound the evaluation of transition to psychosis at follow-up. This is the first meta-analysis examining the prevalence and the prognostic impact on transition to psychosis of ongoing AP treatment at baseline in CHR cohorts. Methods Major databases were searched for articles published until 20 April 2020. The variance-stabilizing Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation was used to estimate prevalence. The binary outcome of transition to psychosis by group was estimated with risk ratio (RR) and the inverse variance method was used for pooling. Results Fourteen studies were eligible for qualitative synthesis, including 1588 CHR individuals. Out of the pooled CHR sample, 370 individuals (i.e. 23.3%) were already exposed to AP at the time of CHR status ascription. Transition toward full-blown psychosis at follow-up intervened in 112 (29%; 95% CI 24–34%) of the AP-exposed CHR as compared to 235 (16%; 14–19%) of the AP-naïve CHR participants. AP-exposed CHR had higher RR of transition to psychosis (RR = 1.47; 95% CI 1.18–1.83; z = 3.48; p = 0.0005), without influence by age, gender ratio, overall sample size, duration of the follow-up, or quality of the studies. Conclusions Baseline AP exposure in CHR samples is substantial and is associated with a higher imminent risk of transition to psychosis. Therefore, such exposure should be regarded as a non-negligible red flag for clinical risk management.

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Alcohol Use and Sexual Violence among Nursing Students in Catalonia, Spain: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18116036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 6036

Author(s):

Concepció Fuentes-Pumarola ◽

Zaira Reyes-Amargant ◽

Alba Berenguer-Simon ◽

David Ballester-Ferrando ◽

Maria Dolors Burjalés-Martí ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nursing Students ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Sexual Violence ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Future Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Sexual Activities ◽

Estimate Prevalence

(1) Background: Sexual violence (SV) has become common in universities for reasons related to unwanted social/peer pressures regarding alcohol/drug use and sexual activities. Objectives: To identify perceptions of SV and alcohol use and estimate prevalence among nursing students in Catalonia, Spain. (2) Methods: Observational descriptive cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of nursing students attending public universities. (3) Results: We recruited 686 students (86.11% women), who reported as follows: 68.7% had consumed alcohol, 65.6% had been drunk at least once in the previous year, 62.65% had experienced blackouts and 25.55% had felt pressured to consume alcohol. Drunkenness and blackouts were related (p < 0.000). Of the 15.6% of respondents who had experienced SV, 47.7% experienced SV while under the influence of alcohol and were insufficiently alert to stop what was happening, while 3.06% reported rape. SV was more likely to be experienced by women (OR: 2.770; CI 95%: 1.229–6.242; p = 0.014), individuals reporting a drunk episode in the previous year (OR: 2.839; 95% CI: 1.551–5.197; p = 0.001) and individuals pressured to consume alcohol (OR: 2.091; 95% CI: 1.332–3.281; p = 0.001). (4) Conclusions: Nursing instructors need to raise student awareness of both the effects of alcohol use and SV, so as to equip these future health professionals with the knowledge and skills necessary to deal with SV among young people.

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Prevalence and Risk Factors for Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. Carcass Contamination in Turkeys Slaughtered in Quebec, Canada

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-70.6.1350 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 70 (6) ◽

pp. 1350-1359 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

JULIE ARSENAULT ◽

ANN LETELLIER ◽

SYLVAIN QUESSY ◽

JEAN-PIERRE MORIN ◽

MARTINE BOULIANNE

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Regression Models ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Low Wind Speed ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Estimate Prevalence ◽

Carcass Contamination ◽

Campylobacter Spp

An observational study was conducted to estimate prevalence and risk factors for carcass contamination by Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. in 60 lots of turkey slaughtered over 10 months in the province of Quebec, Canada. Carcass contamination was evaluated by the carcass rinse technique for about 30 birds per lot. Exposure to potential risk factors was evaluated with questionnaires, meteorological data, and cecal cultures. Multivariable binomial negative regression models were used for risk factor analysis. Prevalence of Salmonella-positive carcasses was 31.2% (95% confidence interval, 22.8 to 39.5%). Variables positively associated (P ≤ 0.05) with the proportion of lot-positive carcasses were ≥0.5% of carcass condemnation due to various pathologies, cecal samples positive for Salmonella, low wind speed during transportation, closure of lateral curtains of truck during transportation, and slaughtering on a weekday other than Monday. When only Salmonella-positive cecal culture lots were considered, the proportion of carcasses positive for Salmonella was significantly higher in lots exposed to a >5°C outside temperature variation during transportation, slaughtered on a weekday other than Monday, and in which ≥4% of carcasses had visible contamination. Prevalence of Campylobacter-positive carcasses was 36.9% (95% confidence interval, 27.6 to 46.3%). The proportion of positive carcasses was significantly higher in lots with Campylobacter-positive cecal cultures and lots undergoing ≥2 h of transit to slaughterhouse. For lots with Campylobacter-positive cecal cultures, variables significantly associated with an increased incidence of carcass contamination were ≥4% of carcasses with visible contamination, crating for ≥8 h before slaughtering, and no antimicrobials used during rearing.

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Occurrence of urogenital mycoplasmas in men with the common genitourinary diseases

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1007/s42770-021-00620-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dominika Smolec ◽

Alicja Ekiel ◽

Piotr Kłuciński ◽

Jan Kawecki

Keyword(s):

Infectious Complications ◽

Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Immunocompromised Patients ◽

Healthy Men ◽

The Common ◽

Estimate Prevalence ◽

Positive Results

Abstract Many serious and fatal infections with urogenital mycoplasmas in immunocompromised patients have been reported. M. genitalium is recognized as a cause of male urethritis and other common genitourinary diseases. The aim of the study was to estimate prevalence of urogenital mycoplasmas which can cause complications in men with common genitourinary diseases. Study included 85 men with genitourinary tract carcinoma (n = 35), urolithiasis (n = 36), and BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) (n = 14). The control group consisted of 50 healthy men. FVU (first void urine) samples were examined by PCR for the presence of urogenital mycoplasmas DNA. Occurrence of urogenital mycoplasmas was significantly more common in study group compared with control 24/85 (28.2%) and 7/50 (14%), respectively (p = 0.05). In men with urolithiasis, positive results for mycoplasmas DNA were significantly more frequent than in control: 33.3% vs. 14% (p < 0.05). In patients with urolithiasis DNA of U. urealyticum was most often found, while in the genitourinary carcinoma and BPH groups, U. parvum was more frequent. Incidence of M. fermentans was also significantly higher in the urolithiasis group vs. control (p = 0.03). A higher percentage of positive results for urogenital mycoplasma DNA in study group has been found. Further studies are required to confirm the role of urogenital mycoplasmas in the development of infectious complications among patients with urolithiasis, genitourinary carcinoma, and BPH.

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Prevalence of adult asthma at Tomsk

Russian Pulmonology ◽

10.18093/0869-0189-2008-0-2-34-37 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 34-37

Author(s):

M. A. Balaganskaya ◽

L. I. Volkova ◽

N. G. Polsha ◽

A. V. Chigan ◽

N. V. Tszin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Adult Asthma ◽

Industrial City ◽

Population Prevalence ◽

Estimate Prevalence ◽

Official Data ◽

Late Detection

The aim of this study was to estimate prevalence of asthma in adults at industrial city Tomsk. A total of 2000 responders aged 18 to 75 yrs participated in the study. Prevalence of asthma-like symptoms was estimated using the standardized questionnaire ECRHS. Two hundred patients with asthma-like symptoms underwent clinical, functional, and allergological examination. Asthma-like symptoms were revealed in 37.8 % of the studied population. Prevalence of asthma was 9.8 %. These findings significantly exceed official data. Asthma was newly diagnosed in 60 % of symptomatic adults that is evidence of late detection of the disease.

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A cross sectional study to estimate prevalence of obesity and its risk factors in adolescent school children in Western Maharashtra, India

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20183646 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (9) ◽

pp. 3072

Author(s):

Jagannath S. Shete ◽

Anjali V. Wagh

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

School Children ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Junk Food ◽

Age Group ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Estimate Prevalence

Background: There is an increase in prevalence of childhood obesity and its chronic health effects especially in developing countries like India in last 2-3 decades. This study is small effort to know prevalence and risk factors causing obesity. Aim of the study was to estimate prevalence of obesity and its risk factors in school students of age group 11 to 16 years.Methods: About 207 adolescent school children from selected school were enrolled in the study. Research tool comprised of questions about demographic characteristics, daily physical activity, frequency of having junk food intake etc. Height and weight were measured on calibrated scales. For statistical analysis MS Excel and SPSS 16 were used.Results: Among participants 58.9% were boys. 66.7% students were in the 13 to 14 years of age group. As per body mass index, 46.9% children were underweight and 8.7% were obese. 77.3% participants were eating junk food more than once in a week.Conclusions: Health education on dietary habits and physical activity is needed for adolescent children to prevent development of obesity and complications related to it.

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