scholarly journals Tuberculosis Incidence among Migrant Workers in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
E. B. Tsybikovа ◽  
M. E. Gаdirovа ◽  
D. A. Midorenko
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Tuberculosis Incidence ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Federal Statistical ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
The One ◽  
Service Data

The objective of the study: to study tuberculosis incidence in migrant workers in Russia from 2010 to 2019.Subjects and Methods: data from Federal Statistical Surveillance Forms No. 8 and 33 for 2010-2019, Federal Migration Service data on the number of migrant workers, and Rosstat data on the population of Russia. Pearson's chi-squared test was used for data analysis.Results. Over the past 10 years in Russia, the steadily decreasing tuberculosis incidence in the permanent population has had no direct impact on the spread of tuberculosis among migrant workers. The high incidence of tuberculosis among migrant workers which is many times higher than the one in the permanent population and reaches its maximum in the youngest age groups (18-24 and 25-34 years old), poses a serious threat to the infection control in the permanent population of Russia.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis in Saudi Arabia: Prevalence between Saudis and Non-Saudis from 2013 to 2018 with a special concern about regions of the KSA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
The Impact

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is one of the largest Arab countries with a moderate annual problem of tuberculosis that is either pulmonary or extra-pulmonary. TB is still one of the most significant health troubles in the KSA, affecting different nationalities (Saudis, non-Saudis), ages, provinces, and genders. The control of TB still faces some challenges in different provinces of the KSA. Data were collected, arranged, analyzed and presented in tables and figures. In this retrospective study, we appraised TB surveillance data for the period between 2013 (1434H) and 2018 (1439H). Data were handled using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 23. Data were checked for normality using Shapiro-Wilk normality test at 0.05 levels to determine whether they are parametric or nonparametric. Chi-squared, Kruskal Wallis, and analysis of variance tests were used to evaluate trends at a significance level of p< 0.05. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM-SPSS version 23 for Mac OS. We appraised TB surveillance data for the period between 2013 (1434H) and 2018 (1439H). The data included the region of the country (province), age, sex, and nationality (Saudis, non-Saudis). The study evaluated the impact of TB on various nationalities (Saudis and non-Saudis), age groups (0-14, 15-34, 35-55, more than 55 years old), and genders (males and females). Non-Saudis had a higher incidence rate than Saudis in 2013-2018. The number of cases and incidence rates of TB recorded in males between 2013 to 2018 were about two to three times greater than estimates for females. The Makkah, Riyadh, and Jeddah regions attract enormous numbers of non-Saudi migrant workers, who account for ~60% of all TB cases in the KSA. Assessing the main TB risk factors contributing to high TB rates in non-Saudi workers is essential. Furthermore, periodical accurate studies, including evidence-based studies for optimum surveillance, avoidance, spread risk, inspection, control procedures and treatment of TB, should be conducted. These assessments would lead to evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of KSA-NTP’s TB action plan.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of pathology of the upper gastrointestinal tract in Saint Petersburg

2020 ◽  
Vol 174 (5) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
T. M. Chirkina ◽  
B. I. Aslanov ◽  
Yu. V. Kokovina ◽  
I. G. Bakulin
Keyword(s):  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Federal Statistical ◽  
The Face ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Purpose of the study. To study the epidemiological pathology of the upper gastrointestinal tract among the population of St. Petersburg for the period 2015 to 2018. Materials and methods. We calculated and analyzed the incidence, prevalence, dynamics and structure of the pathology of the upper gastrointestinal tract in various age groups. The reporting forms of Federal Statistical Observation № 1 for 2015–2018 were the source of the information. Results. The gastritis and duodenitis has a high incidence among chronic diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The high incidence is can be seen among adolescents aged 15–17–20.3 per 1000. Peptic ulcer can be seen among people aged 18–55–1.2 per. Nowadays there is a problem of registration and accounting of gastroenterological hernias and gastroesophageal refl ux disease. This issue has to be solved and requires search for resolutions in the face of its prevalence and social signifi cance.

scholarly journals Changing Trends of HIV, Syphilis, and Hepatitis C among Male Migrant Workers in Chongqing, China: Nine Consecutive Cross-Sectional Surveys, 2010–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujun Wang ◽  
Rongrong Lu ◽  
Guohui Wu ◽  
Rong Lan ◽  
Rong Ou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Commercial Sex ◽  
Consistent Condom Use ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Male Migrant

Background: Male migrant workers (MMWs) have been reported to be vulnerable to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Chongqing, China is one of the major migration destinations and hotspots of HIV. This study aims to explore the prevalence of HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis C virus (HCV), as well as HIV-related knowledge and behaviors, among MMWs in Chongqing. Methods: Questionnaire surveys were conducted, and blood samples were collected and examined among MMWs selected by two-stage stratified sampling in Chongqing from 2010 to 2018. The Cochran–Armitage trend test was conducted to observe the trends in the prevalence of HIV, syphilis, and HCV, as well as HIV-related knowledge and behaviors. The Chi-square test and Binary Logistic Regression were conducted to observe the distinctions between different groups. Results: The overall HIV prevalence was 0.6% with an increasing trend (0.2% to 0.9%, p < 0.001), whereas the overall HCV prevalence was 0.5% with a decreasing trend (0.5% to 0.4%, p < 0.001). The overall syphilis prevalence was 1.3% in the ≥50 age group, 1.0% in the 30–49 age group, and higher than 0.3% in the 16–29 group (X2 = 19.527, p < 0.001). An uptrend (80.2%–80.6%, p < 0.001) was observed in correct HIV-related knowledge. The 16–29 ((Odds Ratio) OR: 1.575; 95%CI (Confidence Interval): 1.380–1.798; p < 0.001) and 30–49 (OR: 1.697; 95%CI: 1.495–1.926; p < 0.001) age groups had 1.575 and 1.697 times correct HIV-related knowledge more than the ≥50 age group. The proportion of subjects engaged in commercial sex in the past year (7.7%–13.3%, p < 0.001), consistent condom use during this activity (20.5%–54.0%, p < 0.001), and condom use in the last commercial sex (48.6%–72.1%, p = 0.020) were increasing. The risk of engaging in commercial sex in the past year in the 16–29 age group was 0.768 times (OR: 0.768; 95%CI: 0.643–0.917; p = 0.003) less than that in the ≥50 age group. The risk of engaging in non-regular sex in the past year in the 16–29 (OR: 2.819; 95%CI: 2.317–3.431; p < 0.001) and 30–49 (OR: 1.432; 95%CI: 1.184–1.733; p < 0.001) age groups were 2.819 and 1.432 times more than that in the ≥50 age group. The risk of engaging in anal sex in the past year in the 16–29 age group was 6.333 times (OR: 6.333; 95%CI: 1.468–27.327; p < 0.013) more than that in the ≥50 age group. The proportion of consistent condom use during non-regular sex in the past year (10.9%–47.3%, p < 0.001) and condom use in the last non-regular sex (40.8%–71.1%, p < 0.001) increased remarkably. The possibilities of consistent condom use during commercial sex in the past year in the 16–29 (OR: 2.606; 95%CI: 1.847–3.677; p < 0.001) and 30–49 (OR: 1.632; 95%CI: 1.214–2.195; p = 0.001) age groups were 2.606 and 1.632 times more than that in the ≥50 age group. The possibilities of condom use in the last commercial sex in the 16–29 (OR: 1.805; 95%CI: 1.258–2.589; p = 0.001) and 30–49 (OR: 1.360; 95%CI: 1.016–1.821; p = 0.039) age groups were 1.805 and 1.360 times more than that in the ≥50 age group. The possibilities of consistent condom use during non-regular sex in the past year (OR: 1.628; 95%CI: 1.066–2.484; p = 0.024) and condom use in the last non-regular sex (OR: 1.671; 95%CI: 1.148–2.433; p = 0.007) in the 16–29 age group were 1.628 and 1.671 times more than those in the ≥50 age group, respectively. Conclusion: An upward trend of HIV and a downward trend of HCV were observed among MMWs in Chongqing from 2010 to 2018. We also found an increase in commercial sex and inadequate condom use during high-risk behaviors among this population. The overall syphilis prevalence in the middle-aged and elderly groups was higher than in the young group, and elderly MMWs were more likely to engage in unprotected high-risk behaviors. Thus, targeted STI prevention for MMWs in Chongqing, especially those aged 50 years and above, is urgently needed.

Spearman's Law of Diminishing Returns

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Principal Axis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Diminishing Returns ◽  
The One ◽  
Armed Services ◽  
Principal Axis Factor

Spearman's Law of Diminishing Returns (SLODR) with regard to age was tested in two different databases from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. The first database consisted of 6,980 boys and girls aged 12–16 from the 1997 cohort ( NLSY 1997 ). The subjects were tested with a computer-administered adaptive format (CAT) of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) consisting of 12 subtests. The second database consisted of 11,448 male and female subjects aged 15–24 from the 1979 cohort ( NLSY 1979 ). These subjects were tested with the older 10-subtest version of the ASVAB. The hypothesis was tested by dividing the sample into Young and Old age groups while keeping IQ fairly constant by a method similar to the one developed and employed by Deary et al. (1996) . The different age groups were subsequently factor-analyzed separately. The eigenvalue of the first principal component (PC1) and the first principal axis factor (PAF1), and the average intercorrelation of the subtests were used as estimates of the g saturation and compared across groups. There were no significant differences in the g saturation across age groups for any of the two samples, thereby pointing to no support for this aspect of Spearman's “Law of Diminishing Returns.”

Older workers in the Russian labor market: Trends in employment reallocation

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-34
Author(s):  
Anna L. Lukyanova ◽  
Rostislav I. Kapeliushnikov
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Intellectual Labor ◽  
Market Trends ◽  
Trade Education ◽  
The One

The paper analyzes changes in job opportunities of older workers in Russia in the period 2005—2017. The study uses the data from the Russian Labor Force Survey conducted by Rosstat. Changes in the occupational and industrial composition of elderly workers follow the trends pursued by other age groups: employment shifts from low- to high-skilled occupations, from physical to intellectual labor, and from material production to the service sector. We find a stronger polarization among older workers as their occupational structure is biased in favor of, on the one hand, the most and, on the other hand, the least qualified types of jobs. Employment of the elderly has fallen sharply in agriculture and manufacturing with a significant increase in trade, education, and health. Although the employment structure of older workers is generally more “traditionalist”, recent decades have witnessed its transformation in “progressive” directions, similarly to other age groups. These findings suggest that the legislated increase in the state retirement age is not likely to give rise to sizeable unemployment among the elderly. Most of them will be able to work in the occupations and industries previously dominated by young and prime-age workers.

Al-Rasm al-ʿUthmānī: Towards Correct Pronunciation and the Preclusion of Ambiguity

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-171
Author(s):  
Nāṣir Al-Dīn Abū Khaḍīr
Keyword(s):  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Correct Pronunciation ◽  
The One ◽  
The Mind

The ʿUthmānic way of writing (al-rasm al-ʿUthmānī) is a science that specialises in the writing of Qur'anic words in accordance with a specific ‘pattern’. It follows the writing style of the Companions at the time of the third caliph, ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān, and was attributed to ʿUthmān on the basis that he was the one who ordered the collection and copying of the Qur'an into the actual muṣḥaf. This article aims to expound on the two fundamental functions of al-rasm al-ʿUthmānī: that of paying regard to the ‘correct’ pronunciation of the words in the muṣḥaf, and the pursuit of the preclusion of ambiguity which may arise in the mind of the reader and his auditor. There is a further practical aim for this study: to show the connection between modern orthography and the ʿUthmānic rasm in order that we, nowadays, are thereby able to overcome the problems faced by calligraphers and writers of the past in their different ages and cultures.

The past, present and future of food consumption databases

2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (43) ◽  
pp. 1692-1700
Author(s):  
Viktória Szűcs ◽  
Erzsébet Szabó ◽  
Diána Bánáti
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Food Consumption Data ◽  
International Projects ◽  
Collection Methods ◽  
The Eu

Results of the food consumption surveys are utilized in many areas, such as for example risk assessment, cognition of consumer trends, health education and planning of prevention projects. Standardization of national consumption data for international comparison is an important task. The intention work began in the 1970s. Because of the widespread utilization of food consumption data, many international projects have been done with the aim of their harmonization. The present study shows data collection methods for groups of the food consumption data, their utilization, furthermore, the stations of the international harmonization works in details. The authors underline that for the application of the food consumption data on the international level, it is crucial to harmonize the surveys’ parameters (e.g. time of data collection, method, number of participants, number of the analysed days and the age groups). For this purpose the efforts of the EU menu project, started in 2012, are promising. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1692–1700.

TARP DVIEJŲ KOLONŲ: XVIII A. PABAIGOS – XIX A. PRADŽIOS VILNIAUS MASONŲ KASDIENYBĖ SIMBOLIKOJE

2018 ◽  
pp. 144-163
Author(s):  
Daiva Milinkevičiūtė
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
The Past ◽  
Secular World ◽  
National Characteristics ◽  
Conservative Christian ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Craft Guilds

The Age of Enlightenment is defined as the period when the universal ideas of progress, deism, humanism, naturalism and others were materialized and became a golden age for freemasons. It is wrong to assume that old and conservative Christian ideas were rejected. Conversely, freemasons put them into new general shapes and expressed them with the help of symbols in their daily routine. Symbols of freemasons had close ties with the past and gave them, on the one hand, a visible instrument, such as rituals and ideas to sense the transcendental, and on the other, intense gnostic aspirations. Freemasons put in a great amount of effort to improve themselves and to create their identity with the help of myths and symbols. It traces its origins to the biblical builders of King Solomon’s Temple, the posterity of the Templar Knights, and associations of the medieval craft guilds, which were also symbolical and became their link not only to each other but also to the secular world. In this work we analysed codified masonic symbols used in their rituals. The subject of our research is the universal Masonic idea and its aspects through the symbols in the daily life of the freemasons in Vilnius. Thanks to freemasons’ signets, we could find continuity, reception, and transformation of universal masonic ideas in the Lithuanian freemasonry and national characteristics of lodges. Taking everything into account, our article shows how the universal idea of freemasonry spread among Lithuanian freemasonry, and which forms and meanings it incorporated in its symbols. The objective of this research is to find a universal Masonic idea throughout their visual and oral symbols and see its impact on the daily life of the masons in Vilnius. Keywords: Freemasonry, Bible, lodge, symbols, rituals, freemasons’ signets.

The Invention of Papal History

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Reformation ◽  
History Writing ◽  
Historical Texts ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Standards ◽  
Commissioned Works ◽  
The One ◽  
Late Renaissance ◽  
The Church

How was the history of post-classical Rome and of the Church written in the Catholic Reformation? Historical texts composed in Rome at this time have been considered secondary to the city’s significance for the history of art. The Invention of Papal History corrects this distorting emphasis and shows how history-writing became part of a comprehensive formation of the image and self-perception of the papacy. By presenting and fully contextualizing the path-breaking works of the Augustinian historian Onofrio Panvinio (1530–68), this book shows what type of historical research was possible in the late Renaissance and the Catholic Reformation. Historiography in this period by no means consisted entirely of commissioned works written for patrons; rather, a creative interplay existed between, on the one hand, the endeavours of authors to explore the past and, on the other hand, the constraints of patronage and ideology placed on them. This book sheds new light on the changing priorities, mentalities, and cultural standards that flourished in the transition from the Renaissance to the Catholic Reformation.

Children’s Lives and Deaths in Merovingian Gaul

2020 ◽  
pp. 185-213
Author(s):  
Émilie Perez
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
New Method ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Grave Goods

The role of children in Merovingian society has long been downplayed, and the study of their graves and bones has long been neglected. However, during the past fifteen years, archaeologists have shown growing interest in the place of children in Merovingian society. Nonetheless, this research has not been without challenges linked to the nature of the biological and material remains. Recent analysis of 315 children’s graves from four Merovingian cemeteries in northern Gaul (sixth to seventh centuries) allows us to understand the modalities of burial ritual for children. A new method for classifying children into social age groups shows that the type, quality, quantity, and diversity of grave goods were directly correlated with the age of the deceased. They increased from the age of eight and particularly around the time of puberty. This study discusses the role of age and gender in the construction and expression of social identity during childhood in the Merovingian period.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document