scholarly journals The effect of adding natural materials waste on the mechanical properties and water absorption of epoxy composite using grey relations analysis

2022 ◽  
pp. 131-142
Author(s):  
Ahmad A. Khalaf ◽  
Salwa A. Abed ◽  
Saad Sami Alkhfaji ◽  
Mudhar A. Al-Obaidi ◽  
Muammel M. Hanon
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Absorption Property ◽  
Natural Materials ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Water Absorption Property ◽  
Grey Relational ◽  
Micro Fillers

Recently, there has been a tendency for scientific studies to deal with natural materials as fillers and reinforcement for polymer composites, which are used in many different applications due to their environmentally friendly properties when compared to synthetic materials. The current study aims to preserve the environment by dealing with natural materials and their influence on the mechanical properties and water absorption property of the polymer composites. In this study, epoxy composites were produced from local natural sourced non-hazardous raw natural materials using grey relational analysis (GRG). The materials used for fabrication include micro-filler of pollen palm 50 μm, seashell 75 μm and epoxy resin. Nine different composites were prepared using pollen palm and seashell as reinforcement material by varying the wt % of the micro-filler. Rule of the mixture was used for formulation and wt % of (0.5, 1 and 1.5) % reinforcement and 99.5, 99 and 98.5 % epoxy (binder) were used for composites. Grey relational analysis was conducted in order to scale the multi-response performance to a single response. The results indicate that optimum performance can be achieved with the addition of 1.5 wt % micro-filler of seashell, which achieved the first rank, while the second rank achieved by 0.5 wt % micro-filler of palm pollen and seashell when compared to other composites. The addition of micro-fillers has improved greatly the mechanical properties of epoxy composites. The loading of micro-fillers has influenced the water absorption property of composites based epoxy in ascending order

Variations in the mechanical properties of bionanocomposites by water absorption

2021 ◽  
pp. 146442072199969
Author(s):  
SS Rana ◽  
MK Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Absorption Property ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Water Absorption Property ◽  
Polymerization Method

The present study aims to investigate the water absorption property and its effect on the mechanical properties (i.e. tensile, flexural, and impact) of bionanocomposites. The epoxy-based bionanocomposites were prepared by reinforcing the epoxy with 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wt% of nanocellulose using in situ polymerization method. The maximum water uptake by bionanocomposites was measured; however, the water absorption behavior was not found in accordance with Fickian’s diffusion model. In the present study, very low water absorption in the range of 0.17–0.34% was offered by bionanocomposites. The results obtained from the present experimental study suggested that there were a maximum degradation of 14.96% in tensile strength, 26.44% in flexural strength, and 55.66% in impact strength for bionanocomposites reinforced with 5 wt% of nanocellulose by water uptake.

The influence of functionalization time of carbon nanotube on the mechanical properties of the epoxy composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1693-1701 ◽  
Author(s):  
EA Zakharychev ◽  
EN Razov ◽  
Yu D Semchikov ◽  
NS Zakharycheva ◽  
MA Kabina
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

This paper investigates the structure, length, and percentage of functional groups of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) depending on the time taken for functionalization in HNO3 and H2SO4 mixture. The carbon nanotube content and influence of functionalization time on mechanical properties of polymer composite materials based on epoxy matrix are studied. The extreme dependencies of mechanical properties of carbon nanotube functionalization time of polymer composites were established. The rise in tensile strength of obtained composites reaches 102% and elastic modulus reaches 227% as compared to that of unfilled polymer. The composites exhibited best mechanical properties by including carbon nanotube with 0.5 h functionalization time.

Mechanical Behaviour of Polylactic Acid Parts Fabricated via Material Extrusion Process: A Taguchi-Grey Relational Analysis Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 32-44
Author(s):  
Peter Kayode Farayibi ◽  
Babatunde Olamide Omiyale
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Grey Relational Analysis ◽  
Extrusion Temperature ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Grey Relational

The acceptance and application of functional parts produced via additive manufacturing technologies is faced with challenges of poor surface finish, dimensional accuracy and mechanical properties among other which is mostly dependent on process parameters employed. In this study, the effect of infill density, layer thickness and extrusion temperature on mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA) part manufactured using fused deposition modelling process was investigated to obtain optimum process parameters to achieve the best properties. Solid cuboid bars were produced from which tensile, impact and hardness test specimens were obtained. A statistical approach based on Taguchi design of experiment was employed with process parameters varied and grey relational analysis coupled with principal component analysis was employed to obtain the unified optimum parameter. The single optimisation results showed that 50% infill density, 220°C extrusion temperature and 0.4 mm layer thickness resulted in best tensile strength; 30% density, 210°C temperature and 0.2 mm layer thickness is required to achieve the best impact strength, while 50% density, 215°C temperature and 0.3 mm thickness is required for highest hardness. The multi-response optimisation indicated that for the best of all the three properties to be achieved at once in a PLA built part, 50% infill density, 220°C extrusion temperature and 0.3 mm is required which yielded tensile strength of 30.02±2.15 MPa, impact strength 4.20±0.12 J and hardness of 76.80±0.38 BHN.

scholarly journals Multiobjective Optimization of Injection Moulding Process Parameters on Mechanical Properties Using Taguchi Method and Grey Relational Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.7) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Amran Md Ali ◽  
Noorfa Idayu ◽  
Raja Izamshah ◽  
Mohd Shahir Kasim ◽  
Mohd Shukor Salleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Grey Relational Analysis ◽  
Injection Moulding ◽  
Cooling Time ◽  
Mould Temperature ◽  
Plastic Part ◽  
Melt Temperature ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Grey Relational

This study presents an optimization of injection moulding parameters on mechanical properties of plastic part using Taguchi method and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) approach. The orthogonal array with L9 was used as the experimental design. Grey relational analysis for ultimate tensile strength, modulus and percentage of elongation from the Taguchi method can convert optimization of the multiple performance characteristics into optimization of a single performance characteristic called the grey relational grade (GRG). It is found that mould temperature of 62oC, melt temperature of 280oC, injection time of 0.70s and cooling time 15.4s are found as the optimum process setting. Furthermore, ANOVA result shows that the cooling time is the most influenced factor that affects the mechanical properties of plastic part followed by mould temperature and melt temperature.  

scholarly journals Studies on Water Sorption Behaviour of Laminated Bamboo Polymer Composite

2019 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 01040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuniar Ratna Pratiwi ◽  
Indah Widiastuti ◽  
Budi Harjanto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Bamboo Fiber ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Sorption Behaviour ◽  
Laminated Bamboo ◽  
The Matrix

The aim of this article is to evaluate water absorption in bamboo fiber composites. Bamboo is hydrophilic, means that it easily absorbs water. In this study the bamboo fiber-based composites were developed using hand lay up method, with epoxy resin as the matrix constituent. Water absorption characteristics of specimens of bamboo composite and epoxy were determined from water immersion tests at several temperatures. Gravimetric analysis was performed to determine the moisure absorbed as a function of time at two different temperatures: 25 ºC and 50 C. The diffusivity of water in an epoxy bamboo composite was determined after reaching saturation point. During room temperature soaking, epoxy specimen showed the characteristic of Fickian behavior. Similar immersion tests on bamboo-epoxy composites followed nonfickian behavior. Changes in the mechanical properties of material due to water absorption were evaluated from tensile testing on materials with varied water content. It was found that the waterabsorption in all samples reduced the tensile properties. The degradation of tensile properties was greater with an increasing temperature of immersion. The results of this study emphasize the importance ofconsidering deterioration of mechanical properties in the bamboo epoxy composites during their application in water and possibly in humid environment.

Modeling and multi response optimization of mechanical properties for E-glass/polyester composite using Taguchi-grey relational analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440892096259
Author(s):  
Phaneendra Kumar Kopparthi ◽  
Vengal Rao Kundavarapu ◽  
Venkata Rao Kaki ◽  
Bhaskara Rao Pathakokila
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grey Relational Analysis ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Resin Injection ◽  
Polyester Composite ◽  
Response Optimization ◽  
Grey Relational

In the present work, E-glass/polyester composite laminates were manufactured in a customized resin transfer mould (RTM) with different layers of fiber at selected resin injection pressures. Experiments were performed employing full factorial design to study the influence of number of fiber layers and resin injection pressure on mechanical properties of the composites. Analysis of variance was implemented to study the interaction effect of process parameters on multi-responses namely tensile, flexural and impact strengths. Taguchi method based grey relational analysis was used to determine optimal control factors for the responses. Numbers of fiber layers and the injection pressure have significance with respective 73.96% and 16.57% contributions on the grey relation grades of the three responses. An optimal working condition was suggested to produce quality composite. In addition, mathematical models for the mechanical properties were also developed using the experimental results.

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