scholarly journals Assessment of Fluoride and pH Levels in a Range of Ready-to-Drink Children’s Beverages Marketed in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-189
Author(s):  
Aira Syazleen Ahmad ◽  
Nor Azlida Mohd Nor ◽  
Nadia Afiqah Ahmad ◽  
Zamros Yuzadi Mohd Yusof ◽  
Ivor G. Chestnutt

This study aimed to determine the fluoride and pH levels of beverages likely to be consumed by children in Malaysia and to estimate daily fluoride intake from consumption of these beverages. A convenience sampling of 120 ready-to-drink beverages were purchased and categorised into 11 groups (UHT recombined milk, fresh milk [pasteurised], cultured milk [probiotic], yogurt beverages, fresh fruit juices, fruit flavoured beverages, soy-based beverages, malt-based beverages, tea, carbonated beverages and bottled waters). Fluoride concentration was measured using a fluoride ion-selective electrode while the pH level was measured using a pH meter. The fluoride concentration in the beverages ranged from 0.02±0.00 mg/L to 2.77±0.06 mg/L. Tea was found to have the highest fluoride concentration. The intake of fluoride from consumption of other types of beverages is below the lowest-observed-adverseeffect level (except tea). The pH of the beverages included in the study ranged from 2.20±0.01 to 7.76±0.00. Carbonated beverages (mean pH: 2.98±0.50) were found to be extremely acidic followed by fresh fruit juices (mean pH: 3.38±0.34) and fruit flavoured beverages (mean pH: 3.90±0.92). The correlation between fluoride and pH levels was weak, τ = 0.058 and not statistically significant (p

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Kissa

Abstract Inorganic fluoride in whole blood, serum, or plasma has been determined with a fluoride ion-selective electrode by adding the 0.5- to 2.0-mL sample to 20 mL of water containing a buffer and fluoride, 25 micrograms/L. The fluoride concentration in the sample is calculated from the resulting cell potential difference recorded after equilibrating for 10 min. This novel method has the advantages of simplicity, accuracy, and high precision, standard deviations for 5 to 7 replicate determinations of fluoride ranging from +/- 1.7 to +/- 2.4 micrograms/L. For whole blood from donors living in an area with fluorinated drinking water, the F- concentration was 20 to 60 micrograms/L.


2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193
Author(s):  
Camila Siqueira Silva Coelho ◽  
Jaime Aparecido Cury ◽  
Cínthia Pereira Machado Tabchoury

The relationship between the concentration of chemically soluble fluoride found in toothpaste and that present in saliva, during and after brushing, was evaluated as an indicator of potentially bioavailable fluoride in toothpaste. Ten adult participants brushed their teeth with the assigned toothpastes: group I: fresh sample of a fluoride toothpaste: Na2FPO3/CaCO3, 1,378 µg F/g of total soluble fluoride (TSF); groups II–IV: aged samples of toothpaste presenting TSF concentrations of 1,160, 900, and 597 µg F/g, respectively; group V: non-F placebo toothpaste. The volunteers brushed their teeth for 1 min with 0.7 g of the toothpaste, all toothbrushing residues (TR) produced were collected, the mouth was rinsed with water, and saliva samples were collected up to 120 min. Total fluoride (TF) and TSF concentrations were determined in TR and in saliva samples using a fluoride ion-selective electrode. TSF concentration (µg F/mL) in TR was determined as an indicator of fluoride bioavailability during toothbrushing and the areas under curves of saliva fluoride concentration versus time (area under the curve, AUC = µg F/mL × min) were calculated as an indicator of fluoride bioavailability after toothbrushing. A significant correlation was found between the TSF concentrations in the toothpastes and the variables TR (r = 0.850; p = 0.0001) and AUC (r = 0.445; p = 0.004). For TF no significant correlation was found for TR (r = –0.099; p = 0.542) and AUC (r = –0.018; p = 0.912). The findings suggest that TSF concentration chemically found in Na2FPO3/CaCO3-based toothpaste could estimate how much fluoride would be bioavailable in saliva when the teeth are brushed.


2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-466
Author(s):  
Davi Oliveira BIZERRIL ◽  
Janaína Rocha de Sousa ALMEIDA ◽  
Kátia de Góis Holanda SALDANHA ◽  
Ronaldo Emilio CABRAL FILHO ◽  
Maria Eneide Leitão de ALMEIDA

Objective: Evaluate fluoride concentration in 500ml commercial brands of bottled water and compare it to the amount printed on the label. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted. Samples of nine different commercial brands of 500ml bottled water were collected at authorized distribution points in the city of Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, in 2013. Fluoride concentration was determined in duplicate using a fluoride ion-selective electrode. The results were obtained from linear regression of the calibration curve. Results: Fluoride concentrations ranged between 0.07 and 0.63 ppm F- or mg F/L. There were significant differences between the values printed on the labels and those found in the analysis. The fluoride concentration levels determined were not in compliance with the recommended levels by the National Health Surveillance Agency. Conclusions: The results obtained confirm the need for more careful monitoring of fluoride levels in bottled water and closer sanitary inspections.


2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpa Patel ◽  
Narges Omid ◽  
Fatemeh V Zohoori ◽  
Anne Maguire ◽  
Kevin J Waldron ◽  
...  

Background: Tea is the second most consumed drink in the UK and a primary source of hydration; it is an important source of dietary fluoride (F) for consumers and also abundant in aluminium (Al). Varying ranges of F concentrations in teas have been reported worldwide which may be, in part, due to differences in analytical techniques used to measure this ion. Aim: The effect of using total ionic adjustment buffers (TISAB) III or IV when measuring F concentration of black teas available in the UK was investigated and compared. Based on this evaluation, the effects of three different infusion times, 1 min, 10 min and 1 h, caffeine content and tea form on the F contents of the tea samples were investigated. Methods: The F concentrations of 47 tea samples were measured directly using a fluoride ion-selective electrode (F-ISE), TISAB III and IV and infusion times of 1 min, 10 min and 1 h. Results: Mean (SD) F concentration of tea samples for all infusion times was statistically significantly higher ( p < 0.001) measured by TISAB IV (4.37 (2.16) mg/l) compared with TISAB III (3.54 (1.65) mg/l). A statistically significant positive correlation ( p < 0.001) was found between Al concentration (mg/l) and differences in F concentration (mg/l) measured using the two TISABs; the difference in F concentration measured by the two TISABs increased with the magnitude of Al concentration. Conclusion: Due to higher concentrations of F and Al in teas and their complexing potential, use of TISAB IV facilitates more accurate measurement of F concentration when using an F-ISE and a direct method.


2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 388-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice A Townsend ◽  
Tatyana Thompson ◽  
Skylar Vaughn ◽  
Yapin Wang ◽  
Qingzhao Yu ◽  
...  

Background: The dentist has a responsibility to provide nutritional counseling and fluoride consumption recommendations. The purpose of this study was to measure and compare the concentrations of fluoride in a large number of alternative milk beverages and bovine milk. Study design: Thirty-three milk alternatives, including 9 diverse types and 11 different brands, were analyzed using a fluoride ion-selective electrode (ISE) and an ISE meter. Fluoride concentrations were then compared among different types and between different brands. Results: Fluoride concentration ranged from 0.01 ppm (Malk® Pure Cashew Milk) to 0.80 ppm (Almond Breeze® Original Unsweetened Almond Milk) with a mean concentration of 0.32 ppm. When compared, bovine whole milk (0.03±0.00 ppm) was found to be significantly lower in fluoride than all samples analyzed except Malk Pure Cashew Milk, Soy Milk Vanilla, Rice Milk, and Pecan Milk. Major differences also existed between the same milk alternative types of different brands. Conclusion: The amount of fluoride varies among different types of milk alternatives and different brands. To ensure that the dental team can provide proper recommendations regarding fluoride use, manufacturers should consider placing fluoride concentrations on nutrition labels.


2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. e201689
Author(s):  
Jenniffer Quiroz-Torres ◽  
Cinthia Pereira Machado Tabchoury ◽  
Carlos Liñán-Durán ◽  
Antonio Pedro Ricomini-Filho ◽  
Ailin Cabrera-Matta ◽  
...  

Aim: To determine total fluoride (TF) concentration in Na2FPO3/Ca-based toothpastes, using fluoride ion selective electrode (F-ISE) by the direct technique, it is necessary to use acid (Ac+) to hydrolyze the FPO3 2- ion and to dissolve insoluble fluoride salts bound to the abrasive. For NaF/silicabased toothpastes, the use of acid is not necessary (Ac-) and a simplified protocol could be followed. Methods: Thus, we evaluated TF concentration in seven brands of NaF/silicabased toothpastes, following the validated conventional Cury’s protocol (Ac+) or a simplification of this protocol (Ac-). Fluoride was analyzed with ISE calibrated with fluoride standard solutions prepared in the same conditions as the samples (Ac+ or Ac-). Results: The mean (±SD; n=21) of TF concentrations (μg F/g) found by Ac+ (971.3±191.2) and Ac- (982.4±201.3) protocols were not statistically different (t test, p=0.22). The TF concentrations found agree with those declared by the manufacturers, except for one toothpaste imported from China. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the determination of fluoride in NaF/silica-based toothpastes can be accurately made using a simplified protocol of analysis.


Author(s):  
David C. Cowell

An automated method is described, using standard continuous flow techniques, for the determination of urine fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. It is shown that the kinetics of the electrode response to changes in fluoride ion can be used for the accurate measurement of fluoride ion concentration in urine, and that equilibration of the electrode response is not a prerequisite for the measurement of fluoride ion. Recovery experiments are in the range 83 to 90%; in-batch precision is between 0·9 and 1·6% and carryover 2·5% or less.


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