Lime Requirement of Several Red and Yellow Soils as Influenced by Organic Matter and Mineral Composition of Clays

1950 ◽  
Vol 14 (C) ◽  
pp. 96-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. S. Jones ◽  
C. Dale Hoover
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mineral Composition

scholarly journals Adsorption Characteristics and Controlling Factors of CH4 on Coal-Measure Shale, Hedong Coalfield

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Weidong Xie ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
Hongyue Duan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Shale Gas ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Coal Measure ◽  
Gas Reservoirs ◽  
Quartz Content ◽  
Adsorption Characteristics ◽  
Adsorbed Gas

Adsorbed gas is one of the crucial occurrences in shale gas reservoirs; thus, it is of great significance to ascertain the adsorption capacity of shale and the adsorption characteristics of CH4. In this investigation, the Taiyuan–Shanxi Formations’ coal-measure shale gas reservoir of the Carboniferous–Permian era in the Hedong Coalfield was treated as the research target. Our results exhibit that the shale samples were characterized by a high total organic carbon (TOC) and over to high-over maturity, with an average TOC of 2.45% and average Ro of 2.59%. The mineral composition was dominated by clay (62% on average) and quartz (22.45% on average), and clay was mainly composed of kaolinite and illite. The Langmuir model showed a perfect fitting degree to the experimental data: VL was in the range of 0.01 cm3/g to 0.77 cm3/g and PL was in the range of 0.23–8.58 MPa. In addition, the fitting degree depicted a linear negative correlation versus TOC, while mineral composition did not exhibit a significant effect on the fitting degree, which was caused by the complex pore structure of organic matter, and the applicability of the monolayer adsorption theory was lower than that of CH4 adsorption on the mineral’s pore surface. An apparent linear positive correlation of VL versus the TOC value was recorded; furthermore, the normalized VL increased with the growth of the total content of clay mineral (TCCM), decreased with the growth of the total content of brittle mineral (TCBM), while there was no obvious correlation of normalized VL versus kaolinite, illite and quartz content. The huge amount of micropores and complex internal structure led to organic matter possessing a strong adsorption capacity for CH4, and clay minerals also promoted adsorption due to the development of interlayer pores and intergranular pores.

Accumulation Factors Analysis of Coal-Bearing Strata Shale Gas in Qinshui Basin

2013 ◽  
Vol 868 ◽  
pp. 121-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yuan ◽  
Yan Bin Wang ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Jing Jing Fan ◽  
Pei Xue
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Shale Gas ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Qinshui Basin ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Upper Paleozoic ◽  
Organic Matter Type ◽  
Organic Matter Abundance

The Shanxi and Taiyuan formations in Permo-Carboniferous of upper Paleozoic Erathem of Qinshui Basin, not only has abundant coal and CBM resources, also has a lot of shales. By analyzing the shale thickness, organic matter type, organic matter abundance, vitrinite reflectance, mineral composition of the Permo-Carboniferous coal-bearing strata, considered that the shale thickness of coal-bearing strata in the Qinshui Basin is larger, the organic matter abundance is general, but maturity is high and full of rich brittle mineral. It is in favor of late fracturing.

scholarly journals The Oil-Bearing Strata of Permian Deposits of the Ashal’cha Oil Field Depending on the Content, Composition, and Thermal Effects of Organic Matter Oxidation in the Rocks

Geofluids ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina P. Kayukova ◽  
Anastasiya N. Mikhailova ◽  
Igor P. Kosachev ◽  
Dmitry A. Emelyanov ◽  
Mikhail A. Varfolomeev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Thermal Effect ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Hydrocarbon Composition ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Organic Matter Oxidation

The features of the oil-bearing capacity of the productive strata of Permian deposits in the interval of 117.5-188.6 m along the section of individual wells of the Ashal’cha field of heavy superviscous oil (Tatarstan) were revealed depending on the content, composition, and thermal effects of organic matter (OM) oxidation in the rocks. It is shown that the rocks are very heterogeneous in their mineral composition and in the content of both free hydrocarbons by extraction with organic solvents and insoluble OM closely associated with the rock. The total content of OM in rocks varies from 1.72 to 9.12%. The features of group and hydrocarbon composition of extracts from rocks are revealed depending on their mineral composition and the content of organic matter in them. According to the molecular mass distribution of alkanes of normal and isoprenoid structure, extracts from rocks are differentiated according to three chemical types of oil: type A1, in which n-alkanes of composition C14 and above are present, and types A2 and B2, in which n-alkanes are destroyed to varying degrees by processes microbial destruction, which indicates a different intensity of biochemical processes in productive strata of Permian sediments. These processes lead to a decrease in the amount of OM in the rocks and an increase in the content of resins and asphaltenes in the oil extracted from them, as well as an increase in the viscosity of the oil. Using the method of differential scanning calorimetry of high pressure, it was found that the studied rock samples differ from each other in quantitative characteristics of exothermic effects in both low-temperature (LTO) 200-350°С and high-temperature (HTO) 350-600°С zones of OM oxidation. The total thermal effect of destruction processes of OM depends on the content of OM in the rocks and its composition. The research results show that when heavy oil is extracted using thermal technologies, the Permian productive strata with both low and high OM contents will be involved in the development, and the general thermal effect of the oxidation of which will contribute to increased oil recovery.

scholarly journals MINERAL COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF JEWELER AMMONITES FROM KOSTROMA REGION

2017 ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Petrochenkov
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Electronic Microscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Black Color

Detailed mineralogical examination of ammonites of jewelry quality has been carried out by means of radiographical, X-ray microanalyses and electronic microscopy. The ammonites consist mainly of calcite, apatite and some cells are constituted of phosphorite. The walls and shell’s septums consist of apatite and calcite, which have replaced original aragonite and maintain inclusions of pyrite of globular shape, aluminosilicate and organic matter. Dispersed apatite determines the black color of walls and shell’s septums. The color and transparency of the calcite, filling up the shell’s chambers, are determined by the quantity of micropores and microinclusions, mainly of apaTite. Ammonites from Kostroma region by its decorative and technology characteristics will be able to use widely in jewelry and interior articles.

scholarly journals Pore Structure and Fractal Characteristics of Organic-Rich Lacustrine Shales of the Kongdian Formation, Cangdong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shouxu Pan ◽  
Ming Zha ◽  
Changhai Gao ◽  
Jiangxiu Qu ◽  
Xiujian Ding
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Fractal Dimensions ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Thermal Maturity ◽  
Pore Types

In order to examine the pore structure and reveal the fractal geometric nature of shales, a series of laboratory experiments were conducted on lacustrine shale samples cored from the Kongdian Formation. Based on the low temperature nitrogen adsorption, fluorescent thin section and field emission scanning electronic microscope, a comprehensive pore structure classification and evaluation were conducted on shale samples. Fractal dimensions D1 and D2 (with relative pressure of 0–0.45 and 0.45–1.00, respectively) were obtained from the nitrogen adsorption data using the fractal Frenkel-Halsey-Hill (FHH) method. With additional means of X-ray diffraction analysis, total organic carbon content analysis and thermal maturity analysis, the relationships between pore structure parameters, fractal dimensions, TOC content and mineral composition are presented and discussed in this paper. The results show that interparticle pores and microfractures are predominant, whereas organic matter pores are rarely found. The pore morphology is primarily featured with wide-open ends and slit-shaped structures. In terms of pore scale, mesopores and macropores are predominant. The value of fractal dimension D1 representing small pores ranges from 2.0173 to 2.4642 with an average of 2.1735. The value of D2 which represents large pores ranges from 2.3616 to 2.5981 with an average of 2.4960. These low numbers are an indication of few pore types and relatively low heterogeneity. In addition, smaller D1 values reveal that large pores have more complicated spatial structures than smaller ones. The results of correlation analysis show that: 1) D2 is correlated positively with specific surface area but negatively with average pore diameter; 2) D1 and D2 literally show no obvious relationship with mineral composition, TOC content or vitrinite reflectance (Ro); 3) both total Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) volume and specific surface area show a positive relationship with dolomite content and a negative relationship with felsic minerals content. These results demonstrate that the pore types are relatively few and dominated by mesopores, and the content of brittle minerals such as dolomite and felsic minerals control the pore structure development whilst organic matter and clay minerals have less influence due to low thermal maturity and abundance of clay minerals.

scholarly journals Mineral Composition of Subcritical Water Extracts of Saccorhiza Polyschides, a Brown Seaweed Used as Fertilizer in the North of Portugal

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Soares ◽  
Jaroslava Švarc-Gajić ◽  
Maria Teresa Oliva-Teles ◽  
Edgar Pinto ◽  
Nataša Nastić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Total Organic Matter ◽  
Subcritical Water Extraction ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
The North ◽  
Saccorhiza Polyschides ◽  
Agricultural Applications

The present work aimed at studying Saccorhiza polyschides extracts obtained by subcritical water extraction as a potential source of essential macro and trace elements, aiming for its potential application as a biofertilizer. The mineral composition, as well as sulfate, chlorine and iodine, total organic matter, and total nitrogen content, were determined on the extracts obtained from seaweeds harvested during low tide at the northern Portuguese coast. The selected parameters are important for a biofertilizer. Among the macronutrients, the most abundant was K (15.7 ± 0.2 g/L), followed by Na (5.46 ± 0.11 g/L), S (1.52 ± 0.06 g/L), Ca (1.09 ± 0.11 g/L), and Mg (1.02 ± 0.08 g/L). Several important micronutrients (Zn, B, Cl, P, Mo, V, Se, and I) have also been found in the extracts. The total organic matter was 34.1 ± 0.3 g/L. The extracts present low levels of toxic compounds such as Ni, Cd, and Pb. Considering the composition of the obtained extracts, these can find application in the development of fertilization products. The composition of subcritical water extracts of S. polyschides suggests that they may have important characteristics as a biofertilizer and can be an option in biofortification experiments with essential nutrients. The method can be easily scaled up which makes it attractive for agricultural applications.

scholarly journals Growth and mineral composition of the melon with different doses of phosphorus and organic matter

DYNA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (211) ◽  
pp. 363-368
Author(s):  
Jonath Werissimo Da Silva Gomes ◽  
Nildo Da Silva Dias ◽  
Maria Alejandra Moreno Pizani ◽  
Kariolania Fortunato de Paiva ◽  
Josinaldo Lopes Araujo Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
P Content ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Different Doses

It was aimed to evaluate the effect of doses of phosphorus and different doses of bovine manure on growth of melon Galia. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse utilizing pots filled with soil Chromic Luvissoil in design completely randomized with a 5 x 2 factorial arrangement, comprising five doses of bovine manure (0, 12, 16, 20, 24 t ha-1) and two doses of phosphorus (0 and 400 mg dm-3), with three replicates, totaling 30 experimental units. The results indicated that interaction of phosphorus with organic matter was significant effect on total dry mass of the melon plant. There was a reduction of the total dry mass when the plants were fertilized at the highest doses of bovine manure. The P content from leaf and stem increased gradually at higher doses of phosphorus. The phosphorus content in the soil increased according to the doses of organic material available.

scholarly journals Controls of Distinct Mineral Compositions on Pore Structure in Over-Mature Shales: A Case Study of Lower Cambrian Niutitang Shales in South China

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Xing Niu ◽  
Detian Yan ◽  
Mingyi Hu ◽  
Zixuan Liu ◽  
Xiaosong Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
South China ◽  
Lower Cambrian ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Rock Composition ◽  
Niutitang Formation ◽  
Siliceous Shale

Investigating the impacts of rock composition on pore structure is of great significance to understand shale gas occurrence and gas accumulation mechanism. Shale samples from over-mature Niutitang formation of Lower Cambrian in south China were measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), low pressure N2 and CO2 adsorption to elucidate the controls of distinct mineral composition on pore development. Two distinct lithofacies, namely siliceous shale and argillaceous shale, were ascertained based on their mineral composition. Due to the variability of mineral composition in different lithofacies, pore structure characteristics are not uniform. Pores in siliceous shales are dominated by interparticle pores and organic matter (OM) pores, among which the interparticle pores are mainly developed between authigenic quartz. Furthermore, most of these interparticle pores and cleavage-sheet intraparticle pores within clay minerals are usually filled by amorphous organic matter that is host to OM pores. Due to the lack of rigid minerals, argillaceous shale was cemented densely, resulting in few interparticle pores, while cleavage-sheet intraparticle pores within clay minerals are common. Comparing siliceous shales with argillaceous shales, specific surface areas and pore volumes are higher on the former than on the latter. The content of total organic carbon (TOC) and authigenic quartz have a great influence on micropore structures, but less on mesopore structure for siliceous shales. The rigid framework structure formed by authigenic quartz is believed to be able to prevent primary interparticle pores from mechanical compaction and facilitate the formation of organic matter-associated pores. In terms of argillaceous shales, due to the lack of authigenic quartz, interparticle pores were rarely developed and its pore structure is mainly controlled by illite content.

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