Soil Water Depletion and Root Distribution of Three Dryland Crops

2005 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Moroke ◽  
R. C. Schwartz ◽  
K. W. Brown ◽  
A. S. R. Juo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Soil Water Depletion ◽  
Water Depletion ◽  
Dryland Crops

Agronomic and Physiological Responses of Soybean and Sorghum Crops to Water Deficits II. Crop Evaporation, Soil Water Depletion and Root Distribution

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Burch ◽  
RCG Smith ◽  
WK Mason
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Soil Water Depletion ◽  
Water Depletion ◽  
Irrigated Crops ◽  
Soil Water Extraction ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Similar Soil

The effects of soil water depletion on crop evaporation and root absorption of water were studied in soybean and sorghum crops. Sorghum did not deplete the maximum soil water store by more than 100 mm, whereas rainfed crops of soybeans, cvv. Ruse and Bragg, depleted the soil water store by 130 and 170 mm, respectively. This was sufficient to reduce soybean yields by 35% and hasten maturity in both cultivars when compared with irrigated crops. The post-flowering efficiency of water use by rainfed crops of soybeans was about one-third that of sorghum. The root distribution of Ruse and its pattern of soil water extraction indicated that during bean- fill it was unable to exploit water from much below 80 cm depth, but this effect was offset by its reaching maturity before yield was severely affected by water stress. As Ruse approached maturity, its root densities decreased in soil layers below 10 cm depth, whereas Bragg, which matured 2 weeks later than Ruse, maintained a deep root system and continued to deplete water down to 120 cm. The contrast in root distribution between soybean cultivars also influenced the level of soil water depletion at which crop evaporation fell below the potential rate. Soil and root resistances to water absorption were used to interpret the effects of root density and soil water depletion on water uptake. The regional implications of the results were examined using a water balance model to analyse historical rainfall records. It was concluded that similar soil moisture conditions could be expected about 1 year in 5, indicating that these results have a ready application for irrigation scheduling in this area.

scholarly journals Effects of soil water depletion on the water relations in tropical kudzu

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1151-1157
Author(s):  
Adaucto Bellarmino de Pereira-Netto ◽  
Antonio Celso Novaes de Magalhães ◽  
Hilton Silveira Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Soil Water Depletion ◽  
Pueraria Phaseoloides ◽  
Water Depletion ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Dry Soil

Tropical kudzu (Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth., Leguminosae: Faboideae) is native to the humid Southeastern Asia. Tropical kudzu has potential as a cover crop in regions subjected to dryness. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of soil water depletion on leaflet relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance (g) and temperature (T L) in tropical kudzu. RWC of waterstressed plants dropped from 96 to 78%, following a reduction in SWC from 0.25 to 0.17 g (H2O).g (dry soil)-1.Stomatal conductance of stressed plants decreased from 221 to 98 mmol.m-2.s-1, following the reduction in soil water content (SWC). The day after re-irrigation, g of water stressed plants was 15% lower than g of unstressed plants. Differences in T L between waterstressed and unstressed plants (deltaT L) rose linearly from 0.1 to 2.2ºC following progressive water deficit. RWC and T L of waterstressed plants paralled RWC and T L of unstressed plants the day after reirrigation. The strong decrease in SWC found in this study only induced moderate water stress in tropical kudzu. In addition, tropical kudzu recover rapidly from the induced water stress after the re-irrigation.

Soil water depletion patterns of artificial forest species and ages on the Loess Plateau (China)

2018 ◽  
Vol 417 ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Hai-Tao Miao ◽  
Ze Huang ◽  
Zeng Cui ◽  
Honghua He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Soil Water Depletion ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Water Depletion

Irrigation Scheduling with Planned Soil Water Depletion

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1491-1497 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Lamm ◽  
D. H. Rogers ◽  
H. L. Manges
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Soil Water Depletion ◽  
Water Depletion

scholarly journals Double-Double Row Planting Mode at Deficit Irrigation Regime Increases Winter Wheat Yield and Water Use Efficiency in North China Plain

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1315
Author(s):  
Xun Bo Zhou ◽  
Guo Yun Wang ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
Hai Yan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Soil Water Depletion ◽  
Double Row ◽  
Water Depletion ◽  
Use Efficiency

Low water availability coupled with poor planting method has posed a great challenge to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity. To improve productivity and water use efficiency (WUE) under deficit irrigation, an effective water-saving technology that is characterized by three planting modes has been developed (uniform with 30-cm row spacing (U), double-double row spacing of 5 cm (DD), and furrow-ridge row spacing of alternated 20 cm and 40 cm (F)) combined with three irrigation regimes (50 mm water each at growth stage 34 (GS34) and GS48 (W1), and 100 mm water at GS48 (W2), or 100 mm each water at GS34 and GS48 (W3)). Results showed that DD increased yield by 9.7% and WUE by 12.6% due to higher soil water status and less soil water depletion and evapotranspiration compared with U. Although the soil water status, soil water depletion, evapotranspiration, and yield increased with increasing irrigation amount, more soil water depletion and evapotranspiration resulted in low WUE. The deficit irrigation was beneficial for improving WUE as W1 had significantly increased yield by 5.4% and WUE by 7.1% compared with W2. Yield and evapotranspiration showed a quadratic dynamic equation indicating that yield increased with increasing evapotranspiration. Considering WUE and relatively higher yield under deficit water, W1 combined with DD is suggested to be a good management strategy to be applied in winter wheat of water-scarce regions.

Comparison of Water Relations and Osmotic Adjustment in Sorghum and Cowpea Under Field Conditions

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 423 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Shackel ◽  
AE Hall
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Leaf Conductance ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Soil Water Depletion ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Water Depletion ◽  
Diurnal Patterns ◽  
Diurnal Range ◽  
Xylem Pressure Potential

Seasonal and diurnal patterns of xylem pressure potential, Ψx, and osmotic potential, Ψs, were compared using contrasting genotypes of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] under frequently imgated 'wet' and water-limited 'dry' field conditions. Generally, differences in Ψx and Ψs among genotypes within each species were small compared with differences between the two species. Sorghum exhibited a larger diurnal range and larger differences between wet and dry treatments for Ψx, Ψs, and estimates of bulk leaf turgor than did cowpea. Seasonal and drought- induced osmotic adjustment occurred in sorghum, but not in cowpea. Diurnal patterns of leaf conductance indicated that, under the dry treatment, cowpea avoided the occurrence of large plant water deficits by substantial reductions in leaf conductance, especially at midday, whereas sorghum maintained moderate values of leaf conductance throughout the day. Cowpea exhibited a larger diurnal range of leaf conductance and larger differences between wet and dry treatments than did sorghum. Differences were not observed between the species in overall soil water depletion or in root activity as estimated from profiles of soil water depletion until senescence occurred in cowpea. Sorghum genotypes that had been selected on the basis of differences in Ψs did exhibit significant differences in average values of leaf conductance and total soil water depletion, but the genotype that had the lowest Ψs (M35-1) also had the lowest leaf conductance and the least soil water depletion.

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