scholarly journals Surface water ponding on clayey soils managed by conventional and conservation tillage in boreal conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. ALAKUKKU ◽  
A. RISTOLAINEN ◽  
I. SARIKKA
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
Gps Devices ◽  
June July

Surface water ponding and crop hampering due to soil wetness was monitored in order to evaluate the effects of conservation tillage practices and perennial grass cover on soil infiltrability for five years in situ in gently sloping clayey fields. Thirteen experimental areas, each having three experimental fields, were established in southern Finland. The fields belonged to: autumn mouldboard ploughing (AP), conservation tillage (CT) and perennial grass in the crop rotation (PG). In the third year, direct drilled (DD) fields were established in five areas. Excluding PG, mainly spring cereals were grown in the fields. Location and surface area of ponded water (in the spring and autumn) as well as hampered crop growth (during June-July) were determined in each field by using GPS devices and GIS programs. Surface water ponding or crop hampering occurred when the amount of rainfall was clearly greater than the long-term average. The mean of the relative area of the ponded surface water, indicating the risk of surface runoff, and hampered crop growth was larger in the CT fields than in the AP fields. The differences between means were, however, not statistically significant. Complementary soil physical measurements are required to investigate the reasons for the repeated surface water ponding.;

Soil organic carbon increment sources and crop yields under long‐term conservation tillage practices in wheat‐maize systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1138-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Liu ◽  
Tianping Gao ◽  
Shenzhong Tian ◽  
Hengyu Hu ◽  
Geng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices

scholarly journals Keystone Microbiome in the Rhizosphere Soil Reveals the Effect of Long-Term Conservation Tillage on Crop Growth in the Chinese Loess Plateau

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Jia ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Lei Ji ◽  
Stefaan De Neve ◽  
C. Struik Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Chinese Loess Plateau ◽  
Chinese Loess ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
The Chinese Loess Plateau

Abstract Purpose Keystone taxa play an important role in soil nutrient cycling and crop growth and can be influenced by soil tillage. We investigated the composition of keystone taxa and their relationships with soil properties under different long-term tillage practices. Methods Four tillage treatments were applied (i.e., CT, conventional tillage; NT, no tillage with mulch; RT, reduced tillage; and SS, subsoiling with mulch), maintained for 21 years. Co-occurrence network (CoNet) was constructed to identify the keystone taxa, and redundancy analysis (RDA) was carried out to explore the relationships between keystone taxa and soil properties under four tillage practices at two growth stages (elongation and grain filling stages) of winter wheat. Results Compared with CT, RT had no significant effect on the microbial community and the keystone microbiome, while NT and SS remarkably altered the microbial community structure and the keystone microbiome at both crop stages. Massilia was the keystone genus under CT and RT, while Sphingomonas , Asanoa and Hoeflea were the keystone genera under NT and SS. RDA results showed that keystone genera were significantly correlated with soil organic carbon (SOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) at both stages, but especially at the elongation stage. Our results further revealed that the effects of NT and SS on crop growth might be related to the changes in keystone microbiome. Conclusion Our study suggests that NT and SS were suitable conservation regimes and may contribute to the development of sustainable agricultural production in the Chinese Loess Plateau.

DROUGHT OCCURRENCE UNDER LITHUANIAN CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laima TAPARAUSKIENĖ ◽  
Veronika LUKŠEVIČIŪTĖ
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Precipitation Record ◽  
Calculation Step ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
June July

This study provides the analysis of drought conditions of vegetation period in 1982-2014 year in two Lithuanian regions: Kaunas and Telšiai. To identify drought conditions the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was applied. SPI was calculated using the long-term precipitation record of 1982–2014 with in-situ meteorological data. Calculation step of SPI was taken 1 month considering only vegetation period (May, June, July, August, September). The purpose of investigation was to evaluate the humidity/aridity of vegetation period and find out the probability of droughts occurrence under Lithuanian climatic conditions. It was found out that according SPI results droughts occurred in 14.5 % of all months in Kaunas region and in 15.8 % in Telšiai region. Wet periods in Kaunas region occurred in 15.8 %, and in Telšiai region occurrence of wet periods was – 18.8 % from all evaluated months. According SPI evaluation near normal were 69.7 % of total months during period of investigation in Kaunas and respectively – 65.5 % in Telšiai. The probability for extremely dry period under Lithuania climatic conditions are pretty low – 3.0 % in middle Lithuania and 2.4 % in western part of Lithuania.

Influences of Conservation Tillage Practices on Farmland Soil Ecological Factors and Productive Benefits in Dryland Region with Triple Cropping System

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1880
Author(s):  
Long-Chang WANG ◽  
Cong-Ming ZOU ◽  
Yun-Lan ZHANG ◽  
Sai ZHANG ◽  
Xiao-Yu ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Farmland Soil

Modelling the Effects of Acid Deposition: Estimation of Long-Term Water Quality Responses in Forested Catchments in Finland

1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lepistö ◽  
P. G. Whitehead ◽  
C. Neal ◽  
B. J. Cosby
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Mineral Weathering ◽  
Co2 Solubility ◽  
Forested Catchments ◽  
Deposition Rates ◽  
Magic Model

A modelling study has been undertaken to investigate long-term changes in surface water quality in two contrasting forested catchments; Yli-Knuutila, with high concentrations of base cations and sulphate, in southern Finland; and organically rich, acid Liuhapuro in eastern Finland. The MAGIC model is based on the assumption that certain chemical processes (anion retention, cation exchange, primary mineral weathering, aluminium dissolution and CO2 solubility) in catchment soils are likely keys to the responses of surface water quality to acidic deposition. The model was applied for the first time to an organically rich catchment with high quantities of humic substances. The historical reconstruction of water quality at Yli-Knuutila indicates that the catchment surface waters have lost about 90 μeq l−1 of alkalinity in 140 years, which is about 60% of their preacidification alkalinity. The model reproduces the declining pH levels of recent decades as indicated by paleoecological analysis. Stream acidity trends are investigated assuming two scenarios for future deposition. Assuming deposition rates are maintained in the future at 1984 levels, the model indicates that stream pH is likely to continue to decline below presently measured levels. A 50% reduction in deposition rates would likely result in an increase in pH and alkalinity of the stream, although not to estimated preacidification levels. Because of the high load of organic acids to the Liuhapuro stream it has been acid before atmospheric pollution; a decline of 0.2 pH-units was estimated with increasing leaching of base cations from the soil despite the partial pH buffering of the system by organic compounds.

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