scholarly journals Assignment Rules of a Single Indivisible Object Under the Full Preference Domain

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Gizem Korpeoglu
Keyword(s):  
Preference Domain ◽  
Indivisible Object

scholarly journals Organizing Time Exchanges: Lessons from Matching Markets

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 338-373
Author(s):  
Tommy Andersson ◽  
Ágnes Cseh ◽  
Lars Ehlers ◽  
Albin Erlanson
Keyword(s):  
Matching Markets ◽  
Coordination Problems ◽  
Preference Domain ◽  
Balanced Allocation ◽  
Common Platform

This paper considers time exchanges via a common platform (e.g., markets for exchanging time units, positions at education institutions, and tuition waivers). There are several problems associated with such markets, e.g., imbalanced outcomes, coordination problems, and inefficiencies. We model time exchanges as matching markets and construct a non-manipulable mechanism that selects an individually rational and balanced allocation that maximizes exchanges among the participating agents (and those allocations are efficient). This mechanism works on a preference domain whereby agents classify the goods provided by other participating agents as either unacceptable or acceptable, and for goods classified as acceptable, agents have specific upper quotas representing their maximum needs. (JEL C78, D47, D82)

scholarly journals Pairwise Kidney Exchange over the Blood Group Barrier

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 1091-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy Andersson ◽  
Jörgen Kratz
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Medical Technology ◽  
Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽  
Preference Domain ◽  
Exchange Programs ◽  
Kidney Exchange ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Advances in medical technology have made kidney transplants over the blood group barrier feasible. This article investigates how such technology should be implemented when designing pairwise kidney exchange programs. The possibility to receive a kidney transplant from a blood group incompatible donor motivates an extension of the preference domain, allowing patients to distinguish between compatible donors and half-compatible donors (i.e. blood group incompatible donors that only become compatible after undergoing an immunosuppressive treatment). It is demonstrated that the number of transplants can be substantially increased by providing an incentive for patients with half-compatible donors to participate in kidney exchange programs. The results also suggest that the technology is beneficial for patient groups that are traditionally disadvantaged in kidney exchange programs (e.g. blood group O patients). The positive effect of allowing transplants over the blood group barrier is larger than the corresponding effects of including altruistic patient–donor pairs or of allowing three-way exchanges in addition to pairwise exchanges.

scholarly journals Digitizing Family Albums in The Family Camera Network (FamCam), Archive at the Royal Ontario Museum (ROM): A Case Study of the Evans Family Collection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idit Kohan -Harpaz
Keyword(s):  
Original Method ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
The Public ◽  
Royal Ontario Museum ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
The Family ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Indivisible Object

My thesis explores the family album as an indivisible object within a museum’s collection. Family albums hold both private and public importance for their ability to share collective memories and are valuable resources for scholars and the general public. To realize the inherent value of albums, I argue that we need to treat them as singular objects. Most institutions – such as museums, libraries or archives – treat family albums merely as a group of individual images. In this thesis, I propose an alternative approach: viewing and digitizing the albums as whole objects that are inseparable, lest we distort the narrative shaped in the album. The digitization process advances three services: first, digitization increases access to the album; second, digitization often enables the public to see and understand the album as a whole, maintaining the vision that the album’s maker sought to construct; third, digitization helps preserve the albums. My thesis investigates best practices for family album digitization so that the public can see albums as whole objects. A case study will focus on the Evans family collection from the FamCam at the ROM (accession numbers: 2018.24.1-21), a family collection which comes from a Canadian family that lived in China from 1888, for nearly a 100 years. Twenty-one family albums comprise the collection. The collection portrays the lives of a Western family in China, and provides insight into a century of photography and history. My thesis discusses the methodology, tools, and specific techniques for digitization, while highlighting the complexity of family albums. Though this digitization process may differ from the typical protocols for artifacts, the uniqueness of family albums necessitates genre-specific procedures. My thesis contributes to the emerging literature on family photography in public institutions, and develops an original method for preserving and archiving them digitally.

scholarly journals Comparison of Different Knowledge Representations for Complex Structured Objects in Solving AI Problems

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-57
Author(s):  
Tatiana Matveevna Kosovskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Common Property ◽  
Order Logic ◽  
Predicate Calculus ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Knowledge Representations ◽  
First Order ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Structured Objects ◽  
Indivisible Object ◽  
Selection Of

The problem of knowledge representation for a complex structured object is one of the actual problems of AI. This is due to the fact that many of the objects under study are not a single indivisible object characterized by its properties, but complex structures whose elements have some known properties and are in some, often multiplace, relations with each other. An approach to the representation of such knowledge based on first-order logic (predicate calculus formulas) is compared in this paper with two currently widespread approaches based on the representation of data information with the use of finite-valued strings or graphs. It is shown that the use of predicate calculus formulas for description of a complex structured object, despite the NP-difficulty of the solved problems arising after formalization, actually have no greater computational complexity than the other two approaches, what is usually not mentioned by their supporters. An algorithm for constructing an ontology is proposed that does not depend on the methodof desc ribing an object, and is based on the selection of the maximum common property of objects from a given set.

Degrees of Preference and Degrees of Preference Satisfaction

Utilitas ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-323
Author(s):  
MAURO ROSSI
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Standard View ◽  
Preference Domain ◽  
The Individual

The standard view holds that the degree to which an individual's preferences are satisfied is simply the degree to which the individual prefers the prospect that is realized to the other prospects in her preference domain. In this article, I reject the standard view by showing that it violates one fundamental intuition about degrees of preference satisfaction.

scholarly journals Medicine and society: micro level of social interaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-65
Author(s):  
T. V. Semina
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social System ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Indivisible Object

This article examines the features of the interaction of social institutions of medicine and health care in modern Russian society at the micro level — within the social system “doctor — patient”. Sufficient space is given to a comparative analysis of traditional (paternalistic and collegial) and modern (informational and contractual) models of social relations between doctors and patients. Ne author highlights the factors under which the widespread use of information and contractual models in Russian realities contribute to the transformation of traditionally solidary social relations in the system under consideration into conflict ones. The article, based on the original author’s sociological research, examines the features of the conflict confrontation between doctors and patients, identifies their specific differences from traditional social conflicts. On the one hand, the conflicts that unfold in the social system “doctor — patient” are precisely social conflicts, since the interaction in this system embraces both all representatives of the medical community and practically all members of society, each of which, one way or another, becomes patient. On the other hand, if the prerequisite and then the basis of the usual conflict interaction is the presence of a single indivisible object, then in the case of a social conflict in the “doctor — patient” system, health can hardly be considered “a single and indivisible object”. Health for the subjects of this conflict is indeed an important spiritual value, but much more often the conflict arises over the rights and obligations, as well as the distribution of power among the interacting parties. Enough attention is paid to the analysis of the macro-, meso- and micro- causes of this conflict, as well as to the problem of the influence of the media on the genesis of this type of conflict relationship; tendencies that are especially characteristic in the relationship between the patient audience and the media in recent times are highlighted and revealed.

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