'Decidedly but Differently Accountable'? – Young Adults in the Criminal Justice System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Woodwark ◽  
Nessa Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System

The Varying Effects of Incarceration, Conviction, and Arrest on Wealth Outcomes among Young Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 698-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Maroto ◽  
Bryan L Sykes
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Financial Assets ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Important Time ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Building Life Cycle

Abstract Previous research indicates that incarceration leads to declines in rates of homeownership and net worth, especially among baby boomers, but questions remain as to how other types of criminal justice system contact affect wealth outcomes during the transition to adulthood. Using data from the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, we investigate how arrests, convictions, and incarceration influence net worth, financial assets, and debt among young adults. We find that most contact with the criminal justice system limited the ability of young adults to accumulate wealth between the ages of 25 and 30, an especially important time for building life-cycle wealth. Arrests were associated with asset and debt declines of 52–53 percent, and incarceration led to net worth and asset declines of 34 and 76 percent, respectively. These direct effects were also bolstered by the indirect effects of these variables through their relationship with marriage and earnings, especially in the case of incarceration. This study draws attention to how criminal justice system contact affects early adult wealth, thereby setting the stage to influence a host of life course dynamics for individuals and their families.

Criminal justice system interactions among young adults with and without autism: A national birth cohort study in New Zealand

Autism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 136236132110655
Author(s):  
Nicholas Bowden ◽  
Barry Milne ◽  
Richard Audas ◽  
Betony Clasby ◽  
Joanne Dacombe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Young People ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Criminal Behaviour ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
System Data

While sensationalist headlines and highly publicised criminal cases have led many to believe there is a link between autism and criminal behaviour, extant literature presents an unresolved debate. We sought to address this issue by examining the prevalence of criminal justice system interactions among young adults with and without autism, and by assessing whether offence types differ between these groups. This was a national birth cohort study using linked health and criminal justice system data. Cox proportional hazard models were employed to compare criminal justice system interactions between young adults with and without autism, controlling for important socio-demographic characteristics. Data were acquired for 1197 people with autism and 147,879 without autism. Young adults with autism had significantly lower rates of being proceeded against by police, charged in court, and convicted in court compared to those without autism. However, those charged with an offence were significantly more likely to be charged with serious and violent offences, offences against the person and against property. Our findings indicate that, although young people with autism were not over-represented in the criminal justice system, disparities in offence types and incarceration rates among those charged with an offence suggest the importance of identification and appropriate response to autism within the criminal justice system. Lay abstract Sensationalist headlines and highly publicised criminal cases lead many in the public to believe that people with autism are more likely to engage in criminal behaviour. However, recent studies present an unresolved debate, and indicate this may not necessarily be the case. The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence of criminal justice system interactions among young adults with and without autism, and determine whether offence types differ between these groups. We tracked a national birth cohort until their 25th birthday, detecting criminal justice system interactions from age 17 onwards. Linked health and criminal justice system data were used to identify those with autism and detect interactions with the criminal justice system. We found that young people with autism interacted with the criminal justice system at lower rates compared to those without autism. However, there were considerable differences in the types of offences these young people were charged with. For example, among those charged with an offence, people with autism were more likely to be charged with a serious offence, punishable by 2 or more years in prison. We conclude that although young people with autism are not over-represented in the criminal justice system, disparities in offence types and incarceration rates among those charged with an offence suggest the importance of identification and appropriate response to autism within the criminal justice system.

Growing Up under Surveillance

2018 ◽  
pp. 65-92
Author(s):  
Jan Haldipur
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Court System

This chapter explores the experiences of young adults who have been involved with the court system. These justice-involved young adults have often experienced some of the harshest treatment from police. Aggressive policing tactics not only introduce new faces to the criminal justice system, but, as this chapter illustrates, also keep those attempting to avoid reincarceration entangled in its web.

scholarly journals Cross-sector service use among youth and young adults involved in the Alberta provincial justice system

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinjie Cui ◽  
Christine Werk
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Support Services ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Linked Data ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Income Support ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
Sector Service

IntroductionYouth and young adults who are involved in justice and correctional system often have complex service needs and experience poor health and social outcomes. To improve outcomes for these young Albertans, it is important to understand their characteristics and service utilization patterns across health and social areas. Objectives and ApproachThe current analysis provides cross-sector service use information on Alberta youth and young adults aged 12 to 25 who were involved in the criminal justice system from 2005 to 2011. Administrative data linked data across multiple Alberta provincial ministries were used for the analysis. These included over 20 programs and services in areas such as health, education, child intervention, disability supports, income support, and justice and corrections. ResultsOffence types and court outcomes varied by social-demographic characteristics such as age, sex, social economic status, and residential mobility. Elevated mental health and high cost health services use was observed among youth involved in the criminal justice system. Access of social programs such as Child Invention service, Child Support services, Income Support and disability support services was more prevalent among youth and young adults who were involved in the justice system. A higher number of offences was associated with worse education and health outcomes. Conclusion/ImplicationsCross-sector data linkage and analysis offer a unique opportunity for better understanding of clients/patients and services/programs at the broad system level. Knowledge gained through linked data can inform cross-ministry policies and integration of services.

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