scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PATTERNS OF PAEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMORS IN COIMBATORE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (09) ◽  
pp. 891-896
Author(s):  
Alok Dixit ◽  
◽  
R. Venkatesh ◽  
T.T. Pradeep ◽  
Pratibha Prabhakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Local Hospital ◽  
Meningeal Tumor ◽  
Childhood Malignancies ◽  
Tumor In Childhood ◽  
Histologic Types ◽  
Pediatric Brain

Background: Tumors of the nervous system are the second most common childhood tumors after leukemia,constituting approximately 35% of all childhood malignancies and remain the leading cause of cancer related deaths in children. In India,in the absence of a comprehensive population based national cancer registry,we depend on local hospital based registries for assessing the incidence of pediatric brain tumor.Hence,more and more institutional data are required to assess the actual disease load in India. Objective: The main objective of the present study is to assess the epidemiological patterns of brain tumors in children presenting in CMCH. Materials and Methods: Data regarding age,gender,topography and histopathology of 22 pediatric patients (0-18years)with brain tumors operated inCMCH over a period of 5 years(January 2015 to December 2019)was collected retrospectively and analysed. The results obtained were compared with available Indiandata and western literature. Results: Of 22 cases, males(63.6%) outnumbered females. In the present study, the most common anatomical site for brain tumors was cerebellum(45.5%) followed by cerebral hemispheres(36.2%), ventricles(13.6%) and sellar region(4.5%). The present study showed that Infratentorial tumors were more common (54.5%) as compared to Supratentorial tumors (45.5%).Thepresent study revealed that astrocytoma(36.4%) is the most common brain tumor in childhood. other common tumors include medulloblastoma(27.2%), followed by ependymoma(13.6%), oligodendroglioma(9%),pineal gland tumor(4.5%),craniopharyngioma(4.5%) and meningeal tumor(4.5%). Conclusion: From the present series, we conclude that, the frequencies of major histologic types of brain tumors found in the study do not differ substantially from that found in other developed and developing countries. Medulloblastomas and astrocytomas, which form the major histologic types in pediatric patients need special attention.

scholarly journals Demographic and histopathologic profile of pediatric brain tumors: A hospital-based study

2015 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 146-148
Author(s):  
Harshil C. Shah ◽  
Bhushan P. Ubhale ◽  
Jaimin K. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
World Health ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Health Care Center ◽  
Pediatric Brain

Abstract Background: Very few hospital-based or population-based studies are published in the context to the epidemiologic profile of pediatric brain tumors (PBTs) in India and Indian subcontinent. Aim: To study the demographic and histopathologic profile of PBTs according to World Health Organization 2007 classification in a single tertiary health care center in India. Materials and Methods: Data regarding age, gender, topography, and histopathology of 76 pediatric patients (0–19 years) with brain tumors operated over a period of 24 months (January-2012 to December-2013) was collected retrospectively and analyzed using EpiInfo 7. Chi-square test and test of proportions (Z-test) were used wherever necessary. Results: PBTs were more common in males (55.3%) as compared to females (44.7%) with male to female ratio of 1.23:1. Mean age was 10.69 years. Frequency of tumors was higher in childhood age group (65.8%) when compared to adolescent age group (34.2%). The most common anatomical site was cerebellum (39.5%), followed by hemispheres (22.4%). Supratentorial tumors (52.6%) were predominant than infratentorial tumors (47.4%). Astrocytomas (40.8%) and embryonal tumors (29.0%) were the most common histological types almost contributing more than 2/3rd of all tumors. Craniopharyngiomas (11.8%) and ependymomas (6.6%) were the third and fourth most common tumors, respectively. Conclusion: Astrocytomas and medulloblastomas are the most common tumors among children and adolescents in our region, which needs special attention from the neurosurgical department of our institute. Demographic and histopathologic profile of cohort in the present study do not differ substantially from that found in other hospital-based and population-based studies except for slight higher frequency of craniopharyngiomas.

scholarly journals Epilepsy surgery related to pediatric brain tumors: Miami Children’s Hospital experience

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 675-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aria Fallah ◽  
Alexander G. Weil ◽  
Samir Sur ◽  
Ian Miller ◽  
Prasanna Jayakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Epilepsy Surgery ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Seizure Freedom ◽  
Seizure Recurrence ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Pediatric Brain

OBJECT Pediatric brain tumors may be associated with medically intractable epilepsy for which surgery is indicated. The authors sought to evaluate the efficacy of epilepsy surgery for seizure control in pediatric patients with brain tumors. METHODS The authors performed a retrospective review of consecutive patients undergoing resective epilepsy surgery related to pediatric brain tumors at Miami Children’s Hospital between June 1986 and June 2014. Time-to-event analysis for seizure recurrence was performed; an “event” was defined as any seizures that occurred following resective epilepsy surgery, not including seizures and auras in the 1st postoperative week. The authors analyzed several preoperative variables to determine their suitability to predict seizure recurrence following surgery. RESULTS Eighty-four patients (47 males) with a mean age (± standard deviation) of 8.7 ± 5.5 years (range 0.5–21.6 years) were included. The study included 39 (46%) patients with gliomas, 20 (24%) with dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNETs), 14 (17%) with gangliogliomas, and 11 (13%) with other etiologies. Among the patients with gliomas, 18 were classified with low-grade glioma, 5 had oligodendroglioma, 6 had uncategorized astrocytoma, 3 had pilocytic astrocytoma, 3 had pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, 3 had glioblastoma, and 1 had gliomatosis cerebri. Seventy-nine (94.0%) resections were guided by intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG). The mean time (± standard deviation) to seizure recurrence was 81.8 ± 6.3 months. Engel Class I outcome was achieved in 66 (78%) and 63 (75%) patients at 1 and 2 years’ follow-up, respectively. Patients with ganglioglioma demonstrated the highest probability of long-term seizure freedom, followed by patients with DNETs and gliomas. In univariate analyses, temporal location (HR 1.75, 95% CI 0.26–1.27, p = 0.171) and completeness of resection (HR 1.69, 95% CI 0.77–3.74, p = 0.191) demonstrated a trend toward a longer duration of seizure freedom. CONCLUSIONS ECoG-guided epilepsy surgery for pediatric patients with brain tumors is highly effective. Tumors located in the temporal lobe and those in which a complete ECoG-guided resection is performed may result in a greater likelihood of long-term seizure freedom.

scholarly journals Do Intratumoral And Peritumoral Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) Values Have A Role In The Diagnosis Of Pediatric Brain Tumors?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Güleç Mert Doğan ◽  
Ahmet Sığırcı ◽  
Sevgi Taşolar ◽  
Aslınur Cengiz ◽  
Hilal Er Ulubaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Image ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
Pediatric Brain

INTRODUCTION: The motion of water particles within biological tissues, which is called random Brownian motion, is detected at the microscopic level by Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) sequence of Magnetic Resonance Image technique. The Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) calculated on DWI has been used for tumor diagnosis and grading. The purpose of this study was to evaluate of ADC values in the differential diagnosis of supratentorial and infratentorial pediatric brain tumors and to reveal the difference of peritumoral ADC measurements of pediatric patients from adult patients. METHODS: All of the 56 pediatric patients included in this retrospective study had lesions >1 cm in diameter on magnetic resonance image and all of the diagnosies were confirmed by histopathology. Intratumoral and peritumoral ADC values and ratios were measured in diffusion weighted Magnetic Resonance Image. RESULTS: The 58.9% (n=33) of these tumors were supratentorial and 41.1% (n=23) were infratentorial. ADC values and ADC ratios were significantly lower in high-grade tumors than low-grade tumors (p<0.05). Peritumoral ADC values in high-grade tumors were lower than low grade tumors (p<0.05). The cut-off value of the ADC ratio between these two groups was 1 and the ADC cut-off value was 1.1*10-3 mm2/s. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In the differentiation of low and high-grade pediatric brain tumors, cut-off values of 1.1*10_3mm2/s for ADC Value and 1.0 for ADC Ratio may be useful. Although, peritumoral ADC values differ in children compared to the adult group, both intratumoral and peritumoral ADC values can help for grading pediatric brain tumors.

Intraoperative Consultation in the Diagnosis of Pediatric Brain Tumors

2005 ◽  
Vol 129 (12) ◽  
pp. 1653-1660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adekunle M. Adesina
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Histologic Types ◽  
Pediatric Brain

Abstract Context.—The prevalence of brain tumors in the pediatric population differs from that in the adult population. Similarly, the frequency and location of the different histologic types of brain tumors vary significantly between the pediatric and adult populations. Objective.—To familiarize the pathologist with the pediatric brain tumors encountered during intraoperative consultation and with the appropriate differential diagnoses in this setting. Data Sources.—The medical literature and the author's experience and expertise. Conclusion.—Compared with adult brain tumors, pediatric brain tumors present different challenges and distinct differential diagnoses that the pathologist should be aware of during intraoperative consultation.

scholarly journals Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Tumors in Pediatric Patients

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Suh ◽  
Gene H. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Stereotactic Radiosurgery ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Tumor Patients ◽  
Fractionated Radiation Therapy ◽  
Pediatric Brain ◽  
Fractionated Radiation

Brain tumors represent the most common solid tumor in children. Fractionated radiation therapy has been an important treatment modality in the multi-disciplinary management of these tumors. Stereotactic radiosurgery is the precise delivery of a single fraction of radiation and has been an important treatment option for adult brain tumor patients. Although the use of stereotactic radiosurgery in pediatric brain tumors is much less frequent, it represents an important alternative for patients with recurrent, surgically inaccessible or radioresponsive tumors. This article will review the results and logistical issues of this modality in the management of pediatric brain tumors.

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