scholarly journals Causes, frequency and avoidance of diagnostic errors in newborns and children of the first year of life

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
O. K. Kirilochev
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Errors ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
First Year ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Judgment Error ◽  
Diagnostic Difficulties ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Death Cases

The article presents research methods to detect the frequency of diagnostic errors.Objective: to compare clinical and pathological diagnoses in order to determine the frequency, causes and ways of avoiding diagnostic errors in children with infectious pathology specific to the perinatal period. The authors studied 234 death cases in the intensive care unit for newborns in 2006–2018, and they found diagnostic errors in 18,3% of cases. 53,4% of the diagnostic errors were associated with unrecognized infectious diseases specific to the perinatal period. The authors found that the correct intravital diagnosis was impossible for objective reasons in 65% of cases. Those objective reasons were mainly caused by diagnostic difficulties due to the lack of characteristic clinical data or the atypical course. Almost in every third patient the diagnostic errors were caused by subjective reasons and were associated with the diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus infection and neonatal sepsis. The subjective errors were often caused by the so-called doctor’s bona fide delusion due to a lack of knowledge, skills, experience. As the judgment error was the most common reason for misdiagnosis we need to improve the clinicians’ cognitive condition. Based on the audit results, the authors proposed the additional diagnostic approaches for certain diseases. One way to reduce errors is to improve educational initiatives for doctors.

scholarly journals Lingual means of the denotation in the Ukrainian language for age development periods of a child in the first year of the life

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Oksana Zelinska ◽  
Maryna Holoborodko
Keyword(s):  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
First Year ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Conversational Speech ◽  
Pedagogical Discourse ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Early Late

The names of age periods of the first year of a child’s life were considered in the paper. Traditionally the first year of a child’s life was not clearly divided into shorter stages, and in turn, there were no established names which would correlate with these age periods. In every-day life defining features for a child of the first year of life is the fact of birth itself, which fixes a noun-composite a newly-born, as well as expressive signs associated with feeding a baby and its (his/her) inability to speak, namely, such nouns as a nursling and a baby. A clearly differentiated division of a child’s age period, before reaching the age of one year, is recorded in medicine. Scientific observations of the physiological changes in the development of a child, depending on a lived calendar period, determined the classification of the life into certain stages beginning from the prenatal development; it was expressed in a special terminology, for example, a perinatal period, a zero day. In a medical sphere the division units of a life period before the age of one year are hours, days, months; thus, this temporal vocabulary belongs to the structure of terminological phrases used to denote a certain age stage, the gradation of periods can be done with help of adjectives-qualifiers early, late. In a pedagogical discourse, contrary to a medical sphere, the names of the age periods in a child’s life do not clearly correlate with physiological changes and a calendar duration, and in an every-day life discourse the correlation is seen the least. However a conversational speech is characterized with a larger number of the patterns which form the names of age periods, descriptive nominations, due to a child’s socialization. Thus, a set of nominative units is different for each discourse, but we can come across some scientific terms in mass media, and from there they can be found in a conversational speech. In a pedagogical, medical, every-day life discourse we have the cases when the same nouns are used, for instance, a newly-born, however they differ semantically.

scholarly journals Evolution of infant mortality in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Yu.G. Antipkin ◽  
◽  
R.V. Marushko ◽  
E.A. Dudina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Perinatal Audit ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
First Year Of Life

Over the past decades in Ukraine, the unfavorable indicators of population reproduction, the state of health of women and children, acquired in the previous period, have become persistent, one of the integrative indicators of which is the mortality of children under one year of age. The infant mortality rate is a sensitive indicator of the general sanitary and socio$economic well-being of the country, a strategic indicator of the health and survival of children, the level and quality of medical and social care, and the effectiveness of obstetric and pediatric services. Purpose — to study, analyze and determine the general and regional features of the state and dynamics of infant mortality and its components in Ukraine. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis and assessment of the dynamics of infant mortality in Ukraine for the period 1990–2019 was carried out in the context of regions and separate states according to state and industry statistics, perinatal audit for the methodology of the WHO «MATRIX-BABIES». Methods of a systematic approach, statistical, graphic representation are applied. Results. The study found that the unfavorable demographic situation in Ukraine is accompanied by a still high, with a positive trend, the mortality rate of children in the first year of life — 12.8‰ in 1990, and 7.0‰ in 2019 (loss rate — 30.9%), a direct dependence of infant mortality rates on indicators of total fertility (r=0.340) and morbidity in children in the first year of life (r=0.888) was found with an excess of mortality under 1 year in boys compared with girls (OR with 95% CI 1.1 (1.0–1.2). Infant mortality rates are relatively low, below the average for Ukraine, in Vinnitsa, Volyn, Kyiv, Lviv, Poltava, Ternopil, Khmelnitsky regions and City Kyiv, and above average — in Dnepropetrovsk, Donetsk, Transcarpathian, Kharkiv regions. The decrease in the overall infant mortality rate was due to the positive dynamics of all its components — early neonatal (5.8‰ in 1990, 3.04‰ in 2019), neonatal (7.3‰, 4.57‰) and postneonatal mortality (5.7‰, 2.52‰, respectively) with a more intensive decrease in postneonatal mortality (rate of decline — 55.8%). However, there are doubts that the registered data on neonatal mortality, as well as on infant mortality in general, are real, since according to the perinatal audit data, the «MATRIX-BABIES» method revealed an underestimation of early neonatal mortality — an underestimation of its real level in general by 2.1–2.3 times. It is shown that the infant mortality rate has decreased from all the main causes of mortality with a more accelerated rate of decrease in infant losses from exogenous, manageable causes — respiratory diseases (rate of decline — 83.7%), infectious and parasitic diseases (rate of decline — 80.7%). At the same time, the key causes of mortality in children under 1 year of age throughout the entire observation period remain separate conditions that arise in the perinatal period (52.8–38.4 per 10,000 live births) and congenital malformations, deformities, and chromosomal abnormalities (38,6–17.2 per 10,000 live births). It was found that against the background of a decrease in infant losses in the structure of infant mortality by 43.2%, the part of mortality from certain conditions of the perinatal period increased with a significant decrease in the part of losses from exogenous causes of death — respiratory diseases by 66.7%, some infectious and parasitic diseases by 57.8%. Conclusions. In general, despite the positive dynamics of all components of infant mortality, its level characterizes a pronounced lag behind developed countries, and according to the rating of the countries of the world as of 2018, Ukraine ranks 61st among 193 countries of the world and administrative territories without state status. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of these Institutes. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: infant mortality, morbidity, newborns, children in the first year of life.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DAMAGE IN CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
M. Gonchar ◽  
M. Urivaeva ◽  
G. Muratov ◽  
T. Malich ◽  
O. Omelchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Central Nervous System Damage ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Ig G

FEATURES OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DAMAGE IN CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION Gonchar M., Urivaeva М., Muratov G., Malich T., Omelchenko H., Shapko М., LiesnaA., Poliakova V. The paper discusses the features of central nervous system lesions in children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection at different stages of gestation. In the course of the work, an algorithm for diagnosing congenital cytomegalovirus infection was developed. To demonstrate the complexity of diagnosis and treatment in a child of the first year of life, a clinical observation is given. The positive dynamics in the treatment of children with the use of human anticytomegalovirus immunoglobulin with a high content of IgG is discussed. Key words: damage, central nervous system, congenital, young children, anticytomegalovirus.   Резюме ОСОБЛИВОСТІ УРАЖЕННЯ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЇ НЕРВОВОЇ СИСТЕМИ У ДІТЕЙЗ ВРОДЖЕНОЮ ЦИТОМЕГАЛОВІРУСНОЮ ІНФЕКЦІЄЮ Гончарь М. О., Уриваєва М. К., Муратов Г. Р., Маліч Т. С., Омельченко О. В., Шапко М. В., Лєсна А. С., Полякова В.В. У роботі розглядаються особливості ураження центральної нервової системи у дітей з вродженою цитомегаловірусною інфекцією на різних термінах гестації. В ході роботи був розроблений алгоритм діагностики вродженої цитомегаловірусної інфекції. Для демонстрації складності діагностики и лікування у дитини первого року життя наводиться клінічне спостереження. Також обговорюється позитивна динаміка в лікуванні дітей при застосуванны антіцітомегаловірусного імуноглобуліна людини з підвіщенім вмістом Ig G. Ключові слова: ураження, центральна нервова система, вроджена, діти раннього віку, антицитомегаловірусний.   Резюме ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПОРАЖЕНИЯ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ НЕРВНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ У ДЕТЕЙ С ВРОЖДЕННОЙ ЦИТОМЕГАЛОВИРУСНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИЕЙ Гончарь М. А., Урываева М. К., Муратов Г. Р., Малич Т. Б., Омельченко Е. В.,Шапко М. В., Лесная А. С., Полякова В.В. В работе рассматриваются особенности поражений центральной нервной системы у детей с врожденной цитомегаловирусной инфекцией на разных сроках гестации. В ходе работы был разработан алгоритм диагностики врожденной цитомегаловирусной инфекции. Для демонстрации сложности диагностики и лечения у ребенка первого года жизни приводится клиническое наблюдение. Обсуждается положительная динамика в лечении детей при применении антицитомегаловирусного иммуноглобулина человека с повышенным содержанием Ig G.  Ключевые слова: поражение, центральная нервная система, врождённая, дети раннего возраста, антицитомегаловирусный.

scholarly journals Eczema herpeticum in a child in the first year of life: a clinical case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-430
Author(s):  
H M Vahitov ◽  
A G Makhmutova ◽  
L M Ziyatdinova ◽  
M S Pospelov
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
First Year ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Eczema Herpeticum ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
First Year Of Life

This article describes up-to-date information about aetiology and pathogenesis of course of herpetic eczema. The authors highlighted new approaches to diagnosis and therapy of Kaposi varicelliform eruption in children of early age. It was described the results of own observations of the child in the first year of life with Kaposi varicelliform eruption and experience of application-sorption therapy in the treatment of this disease. The high efficiency of application-sorption therapy in skin lesions caused by combination of infection and allergy in children was noted. The clinical case examined allowed to assess the full complexity of differential diagnostic approaches in verification of eczema herpeticum. For a wide range of paediatricians and surgeons, algorithms for diagnosis and therapeutic tactics were described in the case of Kaposi varicelliform eruption.

140 Endocrine Profiling in Prepubertal Stallions with Abnormal Testicular Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
D. Scarlet ◽  
J. Kuhl ◽  
M. Wulf ◽  
N. Ille ◽  
M. Köhne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Testicular Volume ◽  
First Year ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Testicular Morphology ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Lh Secretion

The use of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) as a biomarker for assessment of male gonadal activity has become increasingly widespread. Aberrant AMH concentration successfully detects cryptorchids or pathologic testes in postpubertal stallions, but the ability to use AMH to identify stallions with testicular pathologies during their prepubertal life has not been analysed so far. The objectives of this work were to (1) assess AMH, testosterone, LH, and FSH dynamics in male horses with or without testicular pathologies during the first year of life; and (2) find a reliable diagnostic approach that would enable the identification of animals that will develop abnormal testes at an early stage. Warmblood colts (n = 16) born from February to May on the same stud farm were used. Blood samples for hormone determinations were collected from birth onwards every 4 weeks until the age of 1 year. At 2 years, testicular development was assessed, total testicular volume calculated. and a blood sample collected. Concentrations of AMH, testosterone, LH, and FSH were determined in all samples; AMH (AL-115, Ansh Laboratories, Webster, TX, USA) and testosterone (DE1559, Demeditec, Kiel-Wellsee, Germany) concentrations were determined by ELISA, whereas LH and FSH concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. Statistical analysis (SPSS Statistics 24; IBM/SPSS, Armonk, NY, USA) was performed by ANOVA using a general linear model for repeated measures. In 2 stallions, unilateral cryptorchism, and in other 4 stallions, subnormal total testicular volume (<mean minus SD) were diagnosed at 2 years. Concentrations of AMH, testosterone, and FSH changed over time (P < 0.001) but were similar (P > 0.05) within the first year of life irrespective of testicular morphology and location. Concentration of LH at birth was lower (P = 0.05) in stallions with abnormal testes (0.3 ± 0.2 ng mL−1) than in controls (0.6 ± 0.2 ng mL−1), but did not differ thereafter. At 2 years of age, AMH concentration was higher (P < 0.01) in stallions with abnormal testes (39.7 ± 12.7 ng mL−1) than in controls (8.0 ± 0.2 ng mL−1), but no group differences with regard to LH, FSH, and testosterone existed. There was a low but significant negative correlation between AMH and FSH (P < 0.001, r = –0.24), as well as between AMH and LH (P < 0.05, r = –0.15). Also, testosterone concentration was positively correlated with FSH (P < 0.05, r = 0.18) and LH (P < 0.05, r = 0.16) concentrations. In conclusion, AMH determination can be reliably used from 2 years onwards to identify stallions with abnormal testicular development, but it is inconclusive before puberty. We concluded that LH secretion in the perinatal period is involved in testicular development and descent in the horse.

scholarly journals НЕДОНОШЕННЫЕ ДЕТИ: ФАКТОРЫ РИСКА, ОТДАЛЕННЫЕ ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ

2018 ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
L. V. Krivitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
First Year ◽  
Premature Births ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Modern Technologies

In recent years there is an increasing topicality of the problem of prematurity because of the growing incidence of premature births in spite of the treatment of pregnant women and application of modern technologies of pregnancy prolongation. According to the WHO report (2015), 15 million children are born prematurely every year and this number is increasing. The article analyzes the risk factors for miscarriage depending on the degree of prematurity and also studies the pathology of the perinatal period, physical and psychomotor development in the first year of life of premature infants. Some distant outcomes of prematurity related to disturbances of physical development, motor and neurological disorders, and premature infant`s intellectual malfunction have been analyzed.

The Development of Swallowing Respiratory Coordination

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Maggie-Lee Huckabee
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Activation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Primary Finding ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
Cortical Modulation ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Swallowing Apnea

Abstract Research exists that evaluates the mechanics of swallowing respiratory coordination in healthy children and adults as well and individuals with swallowing impairment. The research program summarized in this article represents a systematic examination of swallowing respiratory coordination across the lifespan as a means of behaviorally investigating mechanisms of cortical modulation. Using time-locked recordings of submental surface electromyography, nasal airflow, and thyroid acoustics, three conditions of swallowing were evaluated in 20 adults in a single session and 10 infants in 10 sessions across the first year of life. The three swallowing conditions were selected to represent a continuum of volitional through nonvolitional swallowing control on the basis of a decreasing level of cortical activation. Our primary finding is that, across the lifespan, brainstem control strongly dictates the duration of swallowing apnea and is heavily involved in organizing the integration of swallowing and respiration, even in very early infancy. However, there is evidence that cortical modulation increases across the first 12 months of life to approximate more adult-like patterns of behavior. This modulation influences primarily conditions of volitional swallowing; sleep and naïve swallows appear to not be easily adapted by cortical regulation. Thus, it is attention, not arousal that engages cortical mechanisms.

Gastric electrical activity in normal neonates during the first year of life. Effect of lactation with breast milk and formula

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A209-A209
Author(s):  
G RIEZZO ◽  
R CASTELLANA ◽  
T DEBELLIS ◽  
F LAFORGIA ◽  
F INDRIO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
First Year ◽  
Gastric Electrical Activity ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Normal Neonates
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