scholarly journals The role of herbal medicine in the treatment of chronic tonsillitis

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Maltseva ◽  
S. A. Karpishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Product ◽  
Chronic Tonsillitis ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Walnut Leaves ◽  
Multiresistant Strains

The article presents our own research data on systemic immunity status in patients with chronic tonsillitis (CT) and microbiological profile of the flora isolated from the tonsils in CT. The study showed that phagocytic index in neutrophils decreased by 81.9% and the phagocytosis in neutrophils reduced by 67.2% in patients with CT. We studied microbial flora of the tonsils and its persistent properties in CT. The steps for that were as follows: we evaluated the antilysocyme (ALA), anti-interferon (AIA), anticomplementary (ACA) activities of the isolated microorganisms as possible ways to stand against the oxygen-independent mechanism of phagocytosis. Most strains of Staphylococcus aureus had ALA, AIA and AСA, while most strains of Streptococcus pyogenes had ALA, less frequently AСA and did not show AIA. We found antibacterial polyresistance in 56.0% of pathogens among the selected strains in the examined patients with CT. A comparative analysis of species antibiotic resistance showed that the largest number of multiresistant strains were S.aureus - 62.0%. The set of revealed persistent properties of chronic tonsillitis pathogens serves as underlying rationale for the search for new methods of therapy using drugs of non-antibacterial origin, affecting the factors of bacteria resistance to inborn and acquired immunity. It is possible, and necessary that attention be paid to phytotherapy in the search for such new methods. Tonsilgon N is one of the complex phytotherapeutic products, which efficacy and safety has been proven in clinical trials, and the main pharmacological properties are confirmed in in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies. It contains marshmallow root, chamomile flowers, horsetail grass, walnut leaves, yarrow grass, oak bark, and dandelion grass. The clinical studies revealed that it has positive effect on the dynamics of both clinical and microbiological, immunological parameters in patients with chronic tonsillitis. All these things allow us to recommend that this complex herbal product be more often included into the comprehensive treatment of chronic tonsillitis. 

scholarly journals DALAFLOXACIN- ANTIBACTERIAL: A REVIEW

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Bhawana Sain ◽  
Vandana Sharma ◽  
Ashok Kumar Sharma ◽  
Rakesh Goyal ◽  
Mukesh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽  
Infected Area ◽  
Multiresistant Strains ◽  
Major Pathogens

Antibiotics (from ancient Greek αντιβιοτικά, antiviotika), also called antibacterials, are a type of antimicrobials drug used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections. Cellulitis is an infection that involves the outer layers of the skin. It is commonly caused by bacteria known as beta-hemolytic streptococcus or Staphylococcus aureus. You may experience pain, swelling, tenderness, warmth, and redness in the infected area. Complicate skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are common for both outpatient and hospitalized patients and traditionally include various clinical symptoms ranging from minor superficial infections to necrotizing fasciitis with high rates of mortality. Delafloxacin (DLX) is a new FQ pending approval, which has shown a good in vitro and in vivo activity against major pathogens associated with ABSSSIs and CA-RTIs. It also shows good activity against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including those resistant to other FQ, and stability against multiresistant strains.

scholarly journals Production and Application of Multicistronic Constructs for Various Human Disease Therapies

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisa A. Shaimardanova ◽  
Kristina V. Kitaeva ◽  
Ilmira I. Abdrakhmanova ◽  
Vladislav M. Chernov ◽  
Catrin S. Rutland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Diseases ◽  
Cellular Biology ◽  
Entry Site ◽  
Internal Ribosome Entry ◽  
New Methods ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Mutant Genes ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

The development of multicistronic vectors has opened up new opportunities to address the fundamental issues of molecular and cellular biology related to the need for the simultaneous delivery and joint expression of several genes. To date, the examples of the successful use of multicistronic vectors have been described for the development of new methods of treatment of various human diseases, including cardiovascular, oncological, metabolic, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative disorders. The safety and effectiveness of the joint delivery of therapeutic genes in multicistronic vectors based on the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and self-cleaving 2A peptides have been shown in both in vitro and in vivo experiments as well as in clinical trials. Co-expression of several genes in one vector has also been used to create animal models of various inherited diseases which are caused by mutations in several genes. Multicistronic vectors provide expression of all mutant genes, which allows the most complete mimicking disease pathogenesis. This review comprehensively discusses multicistronic vectors based on IRES nucleotide sequence and self-cleaving 2A peptides, including its features and possible application for the treatment and modeling of various human diseases.

RES hyperphagocytosis by rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (3) ◽  
pp. G225-G231
Author(s):  
R. P. Cornell
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Insulin Dose ◽  
Reticuloendothelial System ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Colloidal Carbon ◽  
Significant Difference

In contrast to previous studies of neutrophils from diabetic animals and humans in vitro and of macrophages from diabetic humans in vivo, which reported phagocytic depression, reticuloendothelial system (RES) hyperphagocytosis of colloidal carbon was observed in rats at 14 and 28 days after diabetes induction with streptozotocin (STZ). Carbon clearance half times were significantly enhanced to 6.3 +/- 0.79 and 8.1 +/- 1.04 min at 14 and 28 days post-STZ, respectively, compared with the nondiabetic value (12.7 +/- 0.98 min). The severity of uncontrolled STZ-induced diabetes in rats was confirmed by significant hypoinsulinemia, hyperglucagonemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia. Although body weights of STZ-diabetic animals declined progressively, liver weights as a percent of body weight increased above the control value at 14 and 28 days post-STZ. In fact, expression of carbon phagocytosis as the corrected phagocytic index, which accounts for changes in liver and spleen weights relative to body weight, eliminated the significant difference between STZ-diabetic and nondiabetic animals. Antibiotic treatment of diabetic rats failed to alter the hyperphagocytosis, implying that a chronic bacterial infection was not the cause of phagocytic stimulation. Daily insulin replacements, but not a single large insulin dose to 14-day post-STZ rats, reversed the enhanced phagocytosis of colloidal carbon.

scholarly journals In VitroandIn VivoAntimalarial Activity ofFicus thonningiiBlume (Moraceae) andLophira alataBanks (Ochnaceae), Identified from the Ethnomedicine of the Nigerian Middle Belt

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. Falade ◽  
D. O. Akinboye ◽  
G. O. Gbotosho ◽  
E. O. Ajaiyeoba ◽  
T. C. Happi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Human Cell Line ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Ficus Thonningii ◽  
Multiresistant Strains

Drug resistance inPlasmodium falciparumrequires that new drugs must be developed. Plants are a potential source for drug discovery and development. Two plants that used to treat febrile illnesses in Nigeria were tested forin vitroandin vivoantimalarial activity and cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines. Methanol, hexane, and ethyl acetate leaf extracts ofFicus thonningiiandLophira alatawere active inin vitroassays againstP. falciparumNF54 (sensitive) and K1 (multiresistant) strains. Hexane extracts ofF. thonningiiandL. alatawere the most effective extracts inin vitroassays with IC50of2.7±1.6 μg/mL and2.5±0.3 μg/mL for NF54 and10.4±1.6 μg/mL and2.5±2.1 μg/mL for K1 strain. All extracts were nontoxic in cytotoxicity assays against KB human cell line with IC50of over 20 μg/mL, demonstrating selectivity againstP. falciparum.In vivoanalysis shows that hexane extracts of both plants reduced parasitaemia. At the maximum dose tested,L. alatahad a 74.4% reduction of parasitaemia whileF. thonningiihad a reduction of 84.5%, both extracts prolonged animal survival in mice infected withP. bergheiNK65 when compared with vehicle treated controls. The antiplasmodial activity observed justifies the use of both plants in treating febrile conditions.

scholarly journals Co-inhibition of NF-κB and JNK is synergistic in TNF-expressing human AML

2014 ◽  
Vol 211 (6) ◽  
pp. 1093-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Volk ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Junping Xin ◽  
Dewen You ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Similar Treatment ◽  
Stem And Progenitor Cells ◽  
Treatment Paradigm ◽  
Factor Α

Leukemic stem cells (LSCs) isolated from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients are more sensitive to nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) inhibition-induced cell death when compared with hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in in vitro culture. However, inadequate anti-leukemic activity of NF-κB inhibition in vivo suggests the presence of additional survival/proliferative signals that can compensate for NF-κB inhibition. AML subtypes M3, M4, and M5 cells produce endogenous tumor necrosis factor α (TNF). Although stimulating HSPC with TNF promotes necroptosis and apoptosis, similar treatment with AML cells (leukemic cells, LCs) results in an increase in survival and proliferation. We determined that TNF stimulation drives the JNK–AP1 pathway in a manner parallel to NF-κB, leading to the up-regulation of anti-apoptotic genes in LC. We found that we can significantly sensitize LC to NF-κB inhibitor treatment by blocking the TNF–JNK–AP1 signaling pathway. Our data suggest that co-inhibition of both TNF–JNK–AP1 and NF-κB signals may provide a more comprehensive treatment paradigm for AML patients with TNF-expressing LC.

scholarly journals The use of confocal microscopy in experimental studies and clinical practice of an endocrinologist: modern opportunities

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-183
Author(s):  
Natalya G. Mokrysheva ◽  
Sergey L. Kiselev ◽  
Natalia V. Klementieva ◽  
Anna M. Gorbacheva ◽  
Ivan I. Dedov
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Corneal Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Endocrine Ophthalmopathy ◽  
Fundamental Research

Confocal microscopy is a modern imaging method that provides ample opportunities for in vitro and in vivo research. The clinical part of the review focuses on well-established techniques, such as corneal confocal microscopy for the diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy or endocrine ophthalmopathy; new methods are briefly described (intraoperative evaluation of tissues obtained by removing pituitary adenomas, thyroid and parathyroid glands). In the part devoted to fundamental research, the use of confocal microscopy to characterize the colocalization of proteins, as well as three-dimensional intracellular structures and signaling pathways in vivo, is considered. Indicators of intracellular calcium are analyzed.

scholarly journals Effect of Massoia (Massoia aromatica Becc.) Bark on the Phagocytic Activity of Wistar Rat Macrophages

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Triana Hertiani ◽  
Agustinus Yuswanto ◽  
Sylvia Utami Tunjung Pratiwi ◽  
Harlyanti Mashar
Keyword(s):  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Macrophage Cells ◽  
In Vivo Assay

Massoia (Massoia aromatica Becc., Lauraceae) bark has been widely used as a component of traditional Indonesian medicine. The indigenous people boil or steam the bark for traditional applications. Our preliminary research revealed the potency of Massoia essential oil and its major compound, C-10 Massoialactone as potential immunomodulator in vitro. However, no scientific evidence regarding its in vivo effects is available. Therefore, this study evaluated the potential immunomodulatory effects of Massoia bark infusion on the nonspecific immune response (phagocytosis) of Wistar rats. The aqueous extract of Massoia bark was obtained by boiling pulverized bark in water, and the C-10 massoialactone content of the extract was determined through Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) densitometry. For the in vitro assay, macrophages were treated with the freeze-dried infusion at the concentrations of 2.5, 5, 10, 20, or 40 μg/mL media. For the in vivo assay, 2-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups. The baseline group received distilled water at the dose of 1 mL/100 g BW with the immunostimulant herbal product “X” administered as the positive control at the dose of 0.54 mL/rat. The treatment groups received the infusion at a dose of 100, 300, or 500 mg/100 g BW. Treatments were given orally every day for 14 days. The ability of macrophage cells to phagocyte latex was determined as phagocytic index (PI) and was observed under microscopy with 300 macrophages. The in vitro study revealed that the phagocytic activity of the infusion-treated macrophages significantly increased in comparison with that of the control macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. Among all treatment concentrations, the concentration of 40 μg/ml provided the highest activity with a PI value of 70.51% ± 1.11%. The results of the in vivo assay confirmed those of the in vitro assay. The results of the present study indicate that Massoia bark can increase the phagocytic activity of rat macrophage cells. Its potential as a naturally derived immunomodulatory agent requires further study.

Low-grade intravascular coagulation and reticuloendothelial function

1978 ◽  
Vol 234 (4) ◽  
pp. H323-H329
Author(s):  
J. E. Kaplan ◽  
T. M. Saba
Keyword(s):  
Male Rats ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
In Vitro System ◽  
Bovine Thrombin ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Sinusoidal Flow ◽  
Vascular Clearance

The present study evaluated the influence of experimentally produced intravascular coagulation on reticuloendothelial (RE) stability. Intravascular coagulation was initiated by the intraperitoneal injection of bovine thrombin (500 U/100 g body wt) into male rats. RE function was evaluated by the vascular clearance of an 131I-labeled RE test colloid. Thrombin injection resulted in a transient (0.5-2 h) (P less than .05) depression of the phagocytic index (K) with maximal depression at 1 h postthrombin challenge. The phagocytic index was unaltered after injection of saline or heat-inactivated thrombin. Vascular clearance depression was primarily due to a 37% decrease (P less than .001) in hepatic Kupffer cell colloid clearance and was associated with increments in lung (82%) and marrow (100%) colloid localization with no splenic alterations. While intravascular coagulation was associated with decreased hepatic blood flow at 30 min and 120 min, sinusoidal flow was normal during maximum RE impairment at 60 min. The in vivo clearance depression was not reflected as an intrinsic Kupffer cellular deficit when evaluated in an in vitro system. The results indicate a transient RE dysfunction during intravascular coagulation, the mechanism of which remains to be elucidated.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF IN VITRO IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF EULOPHIA NUDA LINDL

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanita Kanase ◽  
Diptesh T Patil
Keyword(s):  
Lysosomal Enzyme ◽  
Stimulation Index ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Enzyme Release

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro immunomodulatory activity of aqueous and ethanolic extract of dried tubers of Eulophia nuda.Methods: Effect of both the extracts was evaluated at various concentrations (832–6.5 μg/ml) for secretion of mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), superoxide, lysosomal enzyme, and myeloperoxidase activity of isolated murine peritoneal macrophages.Results: The extracts showed stimulation of NO, statistically significant at 832 μg/ml (SI 1.739) for ENA and at 832 μg/ml (stimulation index [SI] 1.662) for ENE; significant stimulation on lysosomal enzyme release for ENA at 832 μg/ml (SI 1.404) and ENE at 832 μg/ml (SI 1.513); myeloperoxidase activity was statistically significant for ENA at 832 μg/ml (SI 1.728) and ENE at 832 μg/ml (SI 1.770).Conclusion: In vitro phagocytic index showed significant results and thus proving the need for confirmation through in vivo studies.

Nanomaterials for Deep Tumor Treatment.

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria Yu. Kirsanova ◽  
Zaira M. Gadzhimagomedova ◽  
Aleksey Yu. Maksimov ◽  
Alexander V. Soldatov
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
New Methods ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Uv Visible

: According to statistics, cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world. Thus, it is important to try to solve this medical and social problem by developing new methods for cancer treatment. An alternative to more wellknown approaches, such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy, is photodynamic therapy (PDT) which is limited to the shallow tissue penetration (< 1 cm) of visible light. Since the PDT process can be initiated in deep tissues by X-ray irradiation (X-ray induced PDT, or XPDT), it has a great potential to treat tumors in internal organs. The article discusses the principles of therapies. The main focus being on various nanoparticles used with or without photosensitizers, which allow the conversion of X-ray irradiation into UV-visible light. Much attention is given to the synthesis of nanoparticles and analysis of their characteristics such as size and spectral features. The results of in vitro and in vivo experiments are also discussed.

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