scholarly journals Choice of paediatric medical nutrition in intestinal infections

2021 ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Gorelov ◽  
Vladimir A. Petrov ◽  
Nadezda V. Rodionova
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Nutritional Therapy ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Early Return ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pathogenetic Therapy ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Paediatric Practice

Acute intestinal infections are the most common cause of a diarrheal syndrome at an early age and represent a great challenge in paediatrics. Over one billion people suffer from acute infectious diarrhoea worldwide every year, of which 65–70% are children under 5 years of age. Along with pharmaceutical (etiotropic and pathogenetic) therapy, nutritional therapy is the most important part of the treatment of children suffering from acute intestinal infections, as the unbalanced and improperly selected nutrition may cause development of a long-lasting diarrheal syndrome resulting in a weight loss, lactase deficiency and some other unfavourable conditions. It is obvious that the issue of adequate nutrition becomes important in case of intestinal infections in children, as it should be easily digested and assimilated, replenishing energy and microbiocenotic losses. An early return to a normal nutrition ration helps reduce duration of the disease, speed up recovery in both functional and anatomical aspects. Today, there is a sufficiently large selection of products in the paediatric practice, which contribute, to one degree or another, to a balanced nutrition of children in the acute stage of the disease. Probiotic products hold a most unique position among these products. The article pays special attention to the baby foods produced by the Russian manufacturer, which is the leader in the Russian paediatric nutrition market and has been producing natural and healthy products for babies for about 30 years. The product line of this manufacturer includes a wide range of probiotic and functional products for patients of older age groups for the management of microbiota dysbiosis in acute intestinal infections.

A Cross Sectional Survey of Chicken Astroviruses Antibody in Broiler and Sonali (Cross-Bred) Chickens in Selected Areas in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Md Zulfekar Ali ◽  
Mohammad Moktader Moula ◽  
Zafar Ahmed Bhuiyan ◽  
Muhammad Tariq Javed
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Published Report ◽  
Poultry Birds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group B

AbstractChicken astroviruses (CAstV) are enteric viruses of poultry causing gastroenteritis, malabsorption, gout and white chick disease commonly known as runting-stunting syndrome (RSS). It can affect the wide range of poultry birds, especially chicken, turkey and duck worldwide. To our best knowledge there is no published report on presence of antibodies against CAstV in Bangladesh. Therefore, the study aimed to detect the presence of CAstV antibodies in broilers and sonali chickens (a cross-bread) in Bangladesh through a cross-sectional survey. A total of 454 blood samples from 66 flocks of broiler (n=343) and sonali chickens (n=111) of different ages were obtained during 2017 from four districts. The birds were healthy but were not vaccinated against CAstV. The samples were tested for specific antibodies against CAstV Group B by using commercially available ELISA kit. Overall, 16.74% (76/454) samples and 34.84% (23/66) flocks were positive for CAstV antibodies. The seroprevalence of CAstV was significantly (p=0.001) higher in sonali chickens (36.96%) than broiler (10.20%), while it was significantly higher (p=0.001) in birds of Bogura district (36.94%) than the other three districts. Regarding the age groups, seroprevalence was insignificantly (p=0.192) higher in sonali chicken before laying age (45%) than during laying age (27.45%). Regarding the seasons, CAstV infection was prevalent significantly (p=0.001) higher in winter season. Thus, the present study indicated the presence of CAstV in poultry in Bangladesh, so further studies are required to find out the magnitude of the problem in the country.

scholarly journals Temporal concatenation for Markov decision processes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Ruiyang Song ◽  
Kuang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Markov Decision Processes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Decision Processes ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Markov Decision ◽  
Speed Up

We propose and analyze a temporal concatenation heuristic for solving large-scale finite-horizon Markov decision processes (MDP), which divides the MDP into smaller sub-problems along the time horizon and generates an overall solution by simply concatenating the optimal solutions from these sub-problems. As a “black box” architecture, temporal concatenation works with a wide range of existing MDP algorithms. Our main results characterize the regret of temporal concatenation compared to the optimal solution. We provide upper bounds for general MDP instances, as well as a family of MDP instances in which the upper bounds are shown to be tight. Together, our results demonstrate temporal concatenation's potential of substantial speed-up at the expense of some performance degradation.

Encouraging millennials to collaborate and learn on the job

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 118-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Trees
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business Outcomes ◽  
Wide Range

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present enterprise social networking and gamification as two potential tools to help organizations engage Millennial employees in collaboration and learning. Design/methodology/approach – The research provides general descriptions of enterprise social networking and gamification approaches, shares data on adoption of these approaches from APQC’s “2015 Knowledge Management Priorities Data Report” (based on a January 2015 survey of 524 knowledge management professionals) and includes four company examples adapted from APQC’s Connecting People to Content and Transferring and Applying Critical Knowledge best practices studies. The methodology for APQC’s best practices studies involves screening 50 or more organizations with potential best practices in a given research scope area and identifying five or six with proven best practices. APQC then conducts detailed site visits with the selected organizations and publishes case studies based on those site visits. Findings – Enterprise social networking platforms are in place at 50 per cent of organizations, with another 25 per cent planning to implement them by the end of 2015. By providing near-immediate access to information and answers, enterprise social networking helps Millennials learn the ropes at their new workplaces, gives them direct access to more knowledgeable colleagues who can assist and mentor them, and helps them improve their business outcomes by reusing knowledge and lessons learned across projects. Younger workers can also harness the power of social networking to create a sense of belonging and build their reputations in large, dispersed firms, where it is particularly difficult for them to gain visibility. A recent APQC survey indicates that 54 per cent of organizations either currently employ gamification to encourage collaboration or expect to implement it within the next three years. The rush to gamify the enterprise is, at least in part, a reflection of employers’ desire to satisfy Millennials and make them feel connected to a community of co-workers. Although games appeal to a wide range of age groups, Millennials grew up with digital interaction and tend to prefer environments that emphasize teamwork, social learning and frequent feedback – all of which can be delivered through gamification. Originality/value – The value of this paper is to introduce the value of and relationship between enterprise social networking and gamification platforms to human resource (HR) professionals looking to increase engagement and retention rates for Millennial employees.

AGE AND NOSOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF OPHTHALMOLOGICAL DISEASES OF PATIENTS OF THE OPHTHALMOLOGICAL CENTER OF SAINT-PETERSBURG IN 2015-2019

2020 ◽  
pp. 761-764
Author(s):  
У. Р. Сагинбаев ◽  
Т. А. Ахмедов ◽  
В. В. Потемкин ◽  
А. С. Пушкин ◽  
С. А. Рукавишникова
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Pathogenetic Therapy ◽  
Visual Disorders

На нашей планете живeт около 1,3 млрд человек с такими нарушениями зрительного анализатора, как катаракта и глаукома, распространенность которых значимо выше у лиц пожилого возраста. Заболевания глаз остаются глобальной медикосоциальной и экономической проблемой, что связано как с прогрессированием болезни вплоть до слепоты, так и с отсутствием методов патогенетической терапии. Проведен ретроспективный анализ многолетней динамики и структуры случаев офтальмологических заболеваний у пациентов, проходивших лечение в многопрофильной больнице. Описана возрастная и нозологическая структура офтальмологических заболеваний. Выявлены закономерные особенности структуры заболеваний относительно разных возрастных групп, также обнаружены закономерности в их динамике. About 1,3 billion people live on our planet with visual disorders such as cataract and glaucoma, the prevalence of which is significantly higher in the elderlypopulation. Eye diseases remain a global medical, social and economic problem, associated with both the progression of the disease to blindness and the lack of pathogenetic therapy methods. A retrospective analysis of the long-term dynamics and structure of cases of ophthalmological diseases of patients treated in a large multidisciplinary hospital was carried out. The age and nosological structure of eye diseases is described. Natural features of the structure of diseases relative to different age groups have been revealed, as well as patterns in dynamics have been found.

Usage of 3D Anthropometric Data in CAD/CAM Individual Measurement List

2015 ◽  
Vol 1117 ◽  
pp. 283-286
Author(s):  
Inga Dāboliņa ◽  
Ausma Viļumsone ◽  
Jānis Dāboliņš ◽  
Dana Beļakova
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Individual Measurement ◽  
Data Usage ◽  
Scanning Device ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Speed Up

Computer aided designing software not only the possibility to speed up the process of putting a new model into production and improve the quality of the products, but also reduces material costs and labour intensity, ensuring an elastic change of the assortment. The designing of clothes includes a row of processes and one of the most time and labour consuming is constructing. A construction displays the layout (pattern) of the surface of the body (garment). As it depends on correct anthropometric data, it is very important to get ones right. The use of 3D surface scanning technologies to produce digitized representations of the human anatomy has the potential to help change the way a wide range of products are designed and produced. Every scanning device is equipped with optic (light) appliances to ensure non-contact measuring. Measurements acquired by 3D scanning device should be checked out for compliance with CAD systems for automatized pattern making procedure. The paper introduces the experiment with scanned data usage in CAD pattern making. The project aims to implement scanned data values in the CAD/CAM individual measurement list for acquiring individualized pattern blocks.

scholarly journals 720. Respiratory and Nonrespiratory Complications Among Patients Hospitalized with Influenza, FluSurv-NET, 2016–2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S258-S259
Author(s):  
Shikha Garg ◽  
Charisse Nitura Cummings ◽  
Alissa O’Halloran ◽  
Pam Daily Kirley ◽  
Rachel Herlihy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Respiratory Complications ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Research Grant

Abstract Background Influenza is most commonly associated with respiratory complications; however, nonrespiratory complications occur frequently among patients hospitalized with influenza. We used data from the Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network (FluSurv-NET) to describe complications recorded on discharge summaries of patients hospitalized with influenza. Methods We included children (0–17 years) and adults (≥18 years), who resided within a FluSurv-NET catchment area and were hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza during 2016–2017. We abstracted data on underlying conditions and discharge diagnoses from medical charts. We calculated the frequency of respiratory and nonrespiratory complications in all age groups and used univariate and multivariable logistic regression to examine factors associated with select complications among adults. Results Among 17,489 patients, the most common respiratory complications were pneumonia (26%) and acute respiratory failure (23%) and the most common nonrespiratory complications were sepsis (16%) and acute renal failure (ARF) (12%). Complications varied by age group (figure). Pneumonia was the most common respiratory complication in all age groups except 0–4 years; among children aged 0–4 years bronchiolitis was most common (104/712; 15%). Among 97 children aged 0–4 years with bronchiolitis who underwent testing for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), 37% had RSV. The most common nonrespiratory complication was seizures in children aged 0–17 years (17% had a history of prior seizures) and sepsis in adults. Among adults (n = 16,057), factors most strongly associated with ARF included chronic renal disease (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.5; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.2–2.8), male sex (AOR 1.5 95% CI 1.4–1.7) and age ≥65 years (AOR 1.4 95% CI 1.2–1.7); the factor most strongly associated with sepsis was chronic neuromuscular disease (AOR 1.5 95% CI 1.3–1.8). Conclusion Influenza hospitalizations are associated with a broad spectrum of complications including pneumonia, respiratory failure, sepsis, ARF and seizures. During the influenza season, astute clinicians should keep influenza in the differential diagnosis for patients with a wide range of presentations. :Disclosures. H. K. Talbot, sanofi pasteur: Investigator, Research grant. Gilead: Investigator, Research grant. MedImmune: Investigator, Research grant. Vaxinnate: Safety Board, none. Seqirus: Safety Board, none. E. J. Anderson, NovaVax: Grant Investigator, Research grant. Pfizer: Grant Investigator, Research grant. AbbVie: Consultant, Consulting fee. MedImmune: Investigator, Research support. PaxVax: Investigator, Research support. Micron: Investigator, Research support.

Relationship between flow rate and NO production in postnatal mesenteric arteries

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (1) ◽  
pp. G43-G50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina M. Reber ◽  
Gennifer M. Mager ◽  
Charles E. Miller ◽  
Philip T. Nowicki
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
No Production ◽  
Herbimycin A ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
Controlled Flow

We studied mesenteric arterial arcades from 3- and 35-day-old swine to determine the relationship between perfusate flow rate and release of nitric oxide (NO) into mesenteric effluent. Mesenteric arterial arcades were perfused under controlled-flow conditions with a peristaltic pump using warm oxygenated Krebs buffer. Basal rates of NO production were 43.6 ± 4.2 vs. 12.1 ± 2.5 nmol/min in 3- vs. 35-day-old mesentery during perfusion at in vivo flow rates (9 vs. 20 ml/min, respectively). Rate of NO production was directly related to flow rate over a wide range of flows (5–40 ml/min) in 3- but not 35-day-old mesentery. Both age groups demonstrated a brisk, albeit brief, increase in NO production in response to infusion of NO-dependent vasodilator substance P (10−8 M/min). Tyrosine kinase inhibitor herbimycin A andl-arginine analog l-NMMA significantly attenuated flow-induced increase in NO production, and phosphatase inhibitor phenylarsine oxide increased magnitude of flow-induced increase in NO production in 3-day-olds. Removal of extracellular Ca2+ and depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores (Ca2+-free Krebs with EGTA plus thapsigargin) had no effect on NO production in either group. Thus, basal rate of NO production is greater in mesenteric arterial arcades from 3- than from 35-day old swine, a direct relationship between flow rate and NO production rate is present in mesentery from 3- but not 35-day-olds, and phosphorylation events are necessary for this interaction to occur.

scholarly journals A comparative survey of the impacts of extreme rainfall in two international case studies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Spekkers ◽  
Viktor Rözer ◽  
Annegret Thieken ◽  
Marie-Claire ten Veldhuis ◽  
Heidi Kreibich
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Biased Sampling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Damage Data

Abstract. Flooding is assessed as the most important natural hazard in Europe, causing thousands of deaths, affecting millions of people and accounting for large economic losses in the past decade. Little is known about the damage processes associated with extreme rainfall in cities, due to a lack of accurate, comparable and consistent damage data. The objective of this study is to investigate the impacts of extreme rainfall on residential buildings and how affected households coped with these impacts in terms of precautionary and emergency actions. Analyses are based on a unique dataset of damage characteristics and a wide range of potential damage explaining variables at the household level, collected through computer-aided telephone interviews (CATI) and an online survey. Exploratory data analyses based on a total of 859 completed questionnaires in the cities of Münster (Germany) and Amsterdam (the Netherlands) revealed that the uptake of emergency measures is related to characteristics of the hazardous event. In case of high water levels, more efforts are made to reduce damage, while emergency response that aims to prevent damage is less likely to be effective. The difference in magnitude of the events in Münster and Amsterdam in terms of rainfall intensity and water depth, is probably also the most important cause for the differences between the cities in terms of the suffered financial losses. Factors that significantly contributed to damage in at least one of the case studies are water contamination, the presence of a basement in the building and people's awareness of the upcoming event. Moreover, this study confirms conclusions by previous studies that people's experience with damaging events positively correlates with precautionary behaviour. For improving future damage data acquisition, we recommend to include cell-phones in a CATI survey to avoid biased sampling towards certain age groups.

scholarly journals Commercialization Potential of Six Selected Medicinal Plants Commonly Used for Childhood Diseases in South Africa: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Peter Tshepiso Ndhlovu ◽  
Abiodun Olusola Omotayo ◽  
Wilfred Otang-Mbeng ◽  
Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Childhood Diseases ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Wide Range

Globally, the potential of medicinal plants is increasingly being recognized due to their relative availability, particularly in rural areas. This review explored the ethnobotanical and economic values of six selected medicinal plants widely used to treat and manage childhood diseases in South Africa. Acalypha glabrata, Aloe maculata, Datura stramonium, Gomphocarpus fruticosus, Rhoicissus tridentata and Vachellia karroo were selected based on their high relative frequency of citations for treating a wide range of diseases. Information was obtained from various scientific databases and ethnobotanical books. In addition to being popular for treating childhood diseases, the selected medicinal plants possess diverse applications in traditional medicine for other age groups, highlighting their general therapeutic values. This translates to extensive harvesting, trading and consumption of these plants in order to meet demands on local levels. Currently, empirical data on the economic value of the selected plants remain poorly reported. Even though South Africa has many laws to conserve and promote indigenous knowledge and medicinal plants, their commercialization remains low. Particularly the cultivation of the selected plants needs to be promoted under a participatory management action plan to stimulate the economy of the disadvantaged. A collaborative research framework for the inclusive transformation of indigenous medicinal plants is recommended to reveal their concealed beneficial properties.

scholarly journals Method of Moment Analysis of Carbon Nanotubes Embedded in A Lossy Dielectric Slab Using A Multilayer Dyadic Green’s Function

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUMITRA DEY ◽  
Deb chatterjee ◽  
Edward Garboczi ◽  
Ahmed M. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Green’S Function ◽  
Green's Function ◽  
Dielectric Slab ◽  
Method Of Moment ◽  
Dyadic Green’S Function ◽  
Dyadic Green's Function ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Lossy Dielectric

<div>Modeling the electromagnetic response of carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced composites is inherently a three dimensional (3D) multi-scale problem that is challenging to solve in real-time for nondestructive evaluation applications. This article presents a fast and accurate full-wave electromagnetic solver based on a multi-layer dyadic Green’s function approach. In this approach, we account for the effects of the dielectric slab, where the CNTs are embedded, without explicitly discretizing its interfaces. Due to their large aspect ratios, the CNTs are modeled as arbitrary thin wires (ATWs), and the method of moment (MoM) formulation with distributed line impedance is used to solve for their coupled currents. The accuracy of the inhouse solver is validated against commercial method of moment (MoM) and finite element method (FEM) solvers over a broad range of frequencies (from 1 GHz to 10 THz) and for a wide range of dielectric slab properties. Examples of 100nm long vertical and horizontal CNTs embedded in a 1 μm thick lossy dielectric substrate are presented. The in-house solver provides more than 50 ✕ speed up while solving the vertical CNT, and more than 570 ✕ speed up while solving the horizontal CNT than a commercial MoM solver over the GHz to THz frequency range.</div>

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