scholarly journals Listeria spp. as a threat to human and animal health

2026 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 6141-2026
Author(s):  
MARTA MARIA SOŁTYSIUK ◽  
JOANNA SZTEYN ◽  
AGNIESZKA WISZNIEWSKA-ŁASZCZYCH
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

The study has described the history of the research of Listeria, starting from 1924 when it was identified for the first time. Phenotypic and genetic characteristics of Listeria have been described. Furthermore, the occurrence of Listeria in the environment of humans and animals has been presented. Moreover, mechanisms and effectors that influence pathogenesis have been presented as well as the latest information about the extent of presence of listeriosis in European Union countries.

scholarly journals Corporate law in Ukraine within the framework of approaching the European Union standards

2020 ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
Valentyna Vasylieva ◽  
Anatolii Kostruba
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Corporate Law ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Systems ◽  
Supranational Level

The article is devoted to adaptation of the national corporate law to the law of European Union`s corporations. Special attention has been given to define the legal nature of the corporation. It is concluded that there is no established understanding of the above concepts in national legal science. The main approaches to the corporate legal nature in particular European systems of justice - in FRG, France, England - are considered in depth. Significant differences between the legislation of Ukraine and legislation of the European Union countries based on the history of their development and peculiarities of specific national systems of justice are detected. The regulation of corporate relations in the European Union at supranational level is considered. It is concluded that the European Union supranational law is its corporate law. The priority areas for unification of European corporate law at the supranational level are analyzed. The main instruments to adjust the activities of corporations in EU law are identified to be the Directives aimed at harmonizing and unifying national legislation of EU Member States.

How to Tame the Elusive: Lessons from the Revision of the EU Flexibility Clause

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viljam Engström
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Treaty Of Lisbon ◽  
History Of ◽  
Basic Purpose ◽  
Treaty Of Rome ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe mechanism established in what has now become Article 352 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (formerly known as Article 235 and 308) has many names. One of the more common is to refer to the mechanism as the 'flexibility clause'. As the notion indicates, the basic purpose of the mechanism is to provide the European Union with a possibility of (flexibly) adjusting legislative powers to arising needs. Since the very purpose of the flexibility clause is to provide for the exercise of legal powers where none is to be found in the EU Treaties, the clause hereby defines the ultimate reach of EU competence. Remarkably, although use of the clause has often been contentious, the wording of the clause has remained unchanged ever since the Treaty of Rome. The aim of the article is to outline the function and development of the flexibility clause especially in light of the Treaty of Lisbon, which for the first time in the history of the EC/EU rewrites the flexibility clause.

scholarly journals Cluster of cases of hepatitis A with a travel history to Egypt, September-November 2008, France

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Couturier ◽  
A M Roque-Afonso ◽  
M J Letort ◽  
E Dussaix ◽  
V Vaillant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Nile River ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Travel History ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
History Of

Since September 2008, 26 cases of hepatitis A with a history of travel to Egypt have been reported in France. Investigations indicate that a common source of contamination linked to Nile river cruises is the most likely explanation of the increase in the number of cases reported in France as well as in several other European Union countries.

Duff Cooper and Western European union, 1944–47.

1985 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Charmley
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Fair Weather ◽  
Boer War ◽  
Foreign Office ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Great War ◽  
The City ◽  
De Gaulle

Duff Cooper fell in love with France during his first visit to Paris in 1900 and he remained faithful to her for the rest of his life. The fact that Paris in 1900 was deeply Anglophobic, because of the Boer war, had no effect upon Cooper's feelings for the city. His affection for France was no fair-weather plant. It was deepened by the experience of nine months in the trenches in the Great War and was, thereafter, proof against all discouragements. As a young Foreign Office clerk in 1923 he did not join in the fashionable disparagement of France inspired by the French occupation of the Ruhr. As Minister of War from 1935 to 1937 he fought for the creation of a British army which would be large enough to play a continental role and later, as First Lord of the Admiralty, he was a leading advocate of Anglo-French co-operation. After his resignation in protest against the Munich agreement, Cooper spent his time fostering the idea of an Anglo-French alliance as the corner-stone of a European combination against Hitler's Germany. His love for France even survived the fall of France in June 1940 and, at a time when many francophiles were repenting of their former faith. Cooper renewed his pledges of devotion. Speaking on the wireless as Minister of Information on the eve of the Franco-German armistice, he declared his faith that France would rise again: ‘This is not the first time that a great nation has been defeated and has recovered from defeat. They have fought with heroism against superior numbers and superior weapons; their losses have been terrible.’ At the Ministry of Information Cooper was one of the earliest patrons of General de Gaulle and his Free French Movement. Given such a long history of Francophilia what could have been more natural than that he should have been appointed as Britain's first post-war ambassador to France. It was not, however, quite so simple as that.

scholarly journals Scenarios of a turbulent Brexit

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-352
Author(s):  
Margarita Navarro-Pabsdorf ◽  
Eduardo Cuenca-García ◽  
Angela Andrea Caviedes
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Member Country ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Integration Project ◽  
First Time

The decision made by the United Kingdom to leave the European Union has been one of the most delicate moments in the history of the European integration project. Given the difficulties of doing other types of evaluations at the moment, this work aims to analyze the causes and the process followed, since it is the first time that a member country—one of the most prominent ones—takes this path. The conversations carried out for this purpose have posed unanswered questions of economic, political, and social nature about how to carry out this order successfully; this has raised serious doubts about its advantages, which were discussed at the time of voting for the exit from the European Union. This situation has created a climate of distrust between European and British citizens regarding their politicians, as it is not very clear if the latter are really defending the interests of the country or others.

scholarly journals Brexit: Consequences and Prospects (in The Context of Building New Britain-Ukraine-Eu Relations)

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-61
Author(s):  
Oleksandra Hissа-Ivanovych ◽  
Yana Kybich
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
European Continent ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Britain ◽  
The Eu

Britain’s withdrawal from the European Union is an extraordinary event in the history of the EU and the European continent as a whole. For the first time since the Union’s existence, one of the member states is leaving it. Of course, this situation has caused a significant resonance in the world community, because the question of the consequences that may arise as a result of such an event has become acute. It is clear that Brexit will not only provoke changes in the economic, political and cultural spheres of the relations between the United Kingdom and the European Union, but may also affect relations with third countries, including Ukraine. This article examines the possible effects of Brexit on the further development of the United Kingdom, on the future of the EU in the context of growing Euroscepticism among member states, and on Britain’s and the European Union’s relations with Ukraine as a country that has clearly declared its pro-European position, and strives to become part of the EU by all means.

scholarly journals Macron's “European Project”: Four Years Later (French Plans and the Realities of the European Union)

2021 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
Sergey Fedorov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Experience ◽  
Fifth Republic ◽  
European Project ◽  
Head Of State ◽  
History Of ◽  
European Program ◽  
First Time

The initiatives of large-scale reforms of the European Union to accelerate European integration and to achieve “European sovereignty” were one of the main topics of the presidential program of E. Macron. For the first time in the political history of the Fifth Republic, the future head of state synchronized the implementation of internal reforms in France with an ambitious “European project”. The article analyzes the progress of the implementation of the European program of Macron and examines the reasons which have not allowed to achieve the implementation of the plans. The author summarizes the preliminary results of the European policy of Paris, holding that the French leader's European initiatives were unrealistic since they did not sufficiently take into account the current complex realities and contradictions of the European Union, as well as the past negative experience of France in promoting the idea of creating a “Europe-Power”. A forecast is made about a possible new version of Macron's “E

Adam Zalužanský’s “De sexu plantarum” (1592): an early pioneering chapter on plant sexuality

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Funk
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
English Translation ◽  
History Of Botany ◽  
Main Work ◽  
Botanical History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time

In the history of botany, Adam Zalužanský (d. 1613), a Bohemian physician, apothecary, botanist and professor at the University of Prague, is a little-known personality. Linnaeus's first biographers, for example, only knew Zalužanský from hearsay and suspected he was a native of Poland. This ignorance still pervades botanical history. Zalužanský is mentioned only peripherally or not at all. As late as the nineteenth century, a researcher would be unaware that Zalužanský’s main work Methodi herbariae libri tres actually existed in two editions from two different publishers (1592, Prague; 1604, Frankfurt). This paper introduces the life and work of Zalužanský. Special attention is paid to the chapter “De sexu plantarum” of Zalužanský’s Methodus, in which, more than one hundred years before the well-known De sexu plantarum epistola of R. J. Camerarius, the sexuality of plants is suggested. Additionally, for the first time, an English translation of Zalužanský’s chapter on plant sexuality is provided.

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