scholarly journals Comet assay as a method used in research on DNA damage caused by pesticides in fish

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (01) ◽  
pp. 6482-2021
Author(s):  
Księżarczyk M. ◽  
Leśniak P. ◽  
Arciszewski M. B. ◽  
Valverde Piedra J. L.
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Cellular Dna

The comet assay method is a research technique for detecting damage to cellular DNA due to active physical or chemical agents. The comet assay is based on electrophoretic migration of genetic material contained in the cell’s nucleus. This research method is commonly used in many different fields, such as toxicology, environmental protection, and pharmacology. In recent years, the comet assay has attracted considerable attention from scientists studying the effects of harmful substances on the genetic material in the cell’s nucleus. The presence of pesticides in the environment is a threat to animals, because of the negative effects of pesticides on cells and their genetic material. Therefore, the aim of this paper, based on the available literature, was to describe the use of the comet assay in assessing the genotoxicity of pesticides to cells of aquatic organisms, as well as to describe the methodology and potential complications of this procedure.

scholarly journals Assessment of genotoxicity and depuration of anthracene in the juvenile coastal fish Trachinotus carolinus using the comet assay

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Matsu Hasue ◽  
Maria José de Arruda Campos Rocha Passos ◽  
Thaís da Cruz Alves dos Santos ◽  
Arthur José da Silva Rocha ◽  
Caroline Patrício Vignardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Dna Strand Breaks ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Coastal Fish ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Dna Strand

In the environment, anthracene is characterized as being persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic to aquatic organisms. Biotransformation of xenobiotic substances, such as anthracene, produces reactive oxygen species that may induce DNA strand breaks. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the DNA damage in juvenile T. carolinus exposed to different concentrations (8, 16 and 32 µg.L-1) of anthracene for 24 h in the dark then subsequently allowed to depurate in clean water for different periods of time (48, 96 or 144 h) using the comet assay. Our results show that anthracene is genotoxic to T. carolinus and that DNA damage was dose- and depuration/time- dependent. Anthracenegenotoxicity was observed in all experimental concentrations. Depuration seemed to be more efficient in fish exposed to thelowest anthracene concentration and maintained in clean water for 96 h.

scholarly journals Effects of High Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on DNA Damage using the Comet Assay Method

2001 ◽  
Vol 121 (12) ◽  
pp. 1093-1098
Author(s):  
Junji Miyakoshi ◽  
Masami Yoshida ◽  
Yosiaki Tarusawa ◽  
Toshio Nojima ◽  
Kanako Wake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Assay Method

scholarly journals Effect of Imidocarb Application on Oxidative DNA Damage Caused by Anaplasmosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2308-2311
Author(s):  
Ahmet Cihat Öner ◽  
Adnan Ayan
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tail Moment ◽  
Before And After

This study was aimed to evaluate DNA fragmentation by using Comet assay in naturally infected sheep with Anaplasmosis before and after treatment with the Comet method, which shows DNA damage specifically. In the study, blood samples were collected from 10 Anaplosmosis infected and 10 healthy sheep. The anaplosmosis was diagnosed by clinical signs and symptoms. The infection was confirmed by Giemsa staining. The blood was collected from control group and infected group before and after the treatment, from the vena jugularis with the appropriate method. The DNA fragmentation was checked by using the Comet assay of blood cells. The data were analysed throught ANNOVA one-way. The result showed higher DNA fragmentation in sick animals diagnosed with anaplasmosis; tail length and tail moment values were found to be statistically significantly higher than the control group. When the data obtained after imidocarb (IMD) application were compared with obtained during the disease, a decreased DNA damage and tail moment was determined, however, these values higher than control. In this study, DNA damage and the extent of this damage were investigated by the Comet assay method using a healthy control group before and after treatment in animals with Anaplasmosis. When the findings obtained from the study were evaluated, it was seen that Anaplasma agents caused DNA damage and with the imidocarb application given for treatment, DNA damage was reduced and results close to healthy individuals were obtained.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the genotoxicity in fish erythrocytes to diagnose the water quality of two Amazonian estuaries using the micronucleus test and comet assay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAUDIA ANTONIA CAMPOS RODRIGUES DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
Paulo Sergio dos Santos Souto ◽  
Dulcideia da Conceição Palheta ◽  
Marcelo de Oliveira Bahia ◽  
Lorena Araújo da Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comet Assay ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Genomic Damage ◽  
And Control

Abstract Genotoxicity studies in coastal ecosystems have been a priority in Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA). This research aimed to study the genotoxicity by the micronucleus test and comet assay in two Brazilian Amazon estuaries (anthropized and control) using Plagioscion squamosissimus as a bioindicator. Blood samples were collected from 54 specimens. No significant genotoxic effects were detected in the cells analyzed, although the highest occurrence was observed in anthropized site. The percentage of genomic damage differed between the sites studied, being always higher in anthropizes site as well. Of the nucleoids analyzed in this site, on average 28 ± 14.42% of the cells were classified in the highest damage class (4). The fish analyzed in the present study are direct influence of xenobiont agents capable of producing damage to the genetic material of aquatic organisms in both sites and, consequently, may bring consequences still little reported in studies of morphophysiological alterations in humans.

Interspecies Differences in the Removal of DNA Adducts

1983 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald W. Hart ◽  
Ming J.W. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Dna Adducts ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Information Redundancy ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Post Replication Repair ◽  
Cellular Dna ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Numerous physical and chemical agents damage cellular DNA in vivo. Such damage has been associated with various biochemical, physiological, and pathological dysfunctions including: alterations in gene expression, cell death, mutation, birth defects, cancer, and aging. Cells and organisms unable to prevent the induction of DNA damage or to repair such damage once it is induced, are predisposed to one or more of these pathologies. Over the course of evolution, living systems have developed various mechanisms to cope with such damage including enzymatic repair, information redundancy and, in extreme situations, cellular replacement. Enzymatic repair can be divided into two general categories: prereplication and post-replication repair. Each of these categories includes many “repair” systems which differ with the size of the repaired region, the nature of the enzymes involved in the repair process, the type of agent inducing the repair process or form of lesion removed. Over the last decade, numerous methods have been developed to measure DNA damage, both directly as well as indirectly, but few studies exist comparing the results of these methods with one another. Little is known as to whether these methods are measuring the same or different endpoints. Interspecies, intertissue, and interorgan comparisons can only be made when comparable techniques have been utilized. From such studies, it is now apparent that significant differences in DNA repair exist among species, within species, and between organs. Further, it is now a reasonable speculation that such differences may, in part, account for differences in organ susceptibility and risk per cell per unit time for spontaneous malignant transformation observed between species.

scholarly journals Evaluation of DNA damage in tobacco associated human buccal cells using comet assay

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-219
Author(s):  
Shanmugam Mohanapriya ◽  
Thangadurai Maheswaran ◽  
Nalliapan Ganapathy ◽  
Thukanayakanpalayam Ragunathan Yoithappr ◽  
Janardhanam Dineshshankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Buccal Cells ◽  
Group I ◽  
Tobacco Usage

Aim and objective. To assess the DNA damage in tobacco associated human buccal cells using comet assay. Methods. The study included 75 study subjects, which were divided into 3 groups on the basis of tobacco usage. Group I - 25 individuals with no history of tobacco usage, Group II - 25 individuals with tobacco usage but without oral lesions and Group III - 25 individuals with tobacco associated oral lesions. Cytological smears collected from these individuals were used to assess the tobacco associated DNA damage by measuring the tail length in the comet assay method. Results. The average tail length was found to be 1.46 µm in the normal mucosa, 2.86 µm in tobacco users without oral lesions, 3.86 µm in the lesional sites of tobacco users and 3.67 µm in the non-lesional sites of these individuals. Factors like age, gender, duration and different forms of tobacco habit had their own impact on the oral mucosa. Conclusion. Comet assay helps assess the subclinical genetic changes of oral mucosa even before the clinical manifestations of the precancerous lesions appeared due to tobacco usage. Thus, comet assay may bloom out as a novel adjuvant tool for the prevention of oral cancer in the near future.

Analysis of chromatin instability of somatic cells in sheep

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 818-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Wójcik ◽  
Małgorzata Szostek ◽  
Elżbieta Horoszewicz ◽  
Emilia Kot ◽  
Sałuch Sebastian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Sister Chromatid ◽  
Genome Stability ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Fragile Sites ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Mean Frequency ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Early Effects

Cytogenetic tests are highly reliable, sensitive indicators of the early effects of genomic instability. Their results provide information on the organism’s susceptibility to exogenous and endogenous factors and are measures of the degree of repair of DNA damage. Our study assessed spontaneously occurring damage in following four breeds of sheep: Polish Heath, Polish Lowland (Zelazna variety), Polish Blackhead, and Berrichon du Cher. Instability was identified using the following three different tests: a sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay, identification of fragile sites, and the comet assay. The distribution of instabilities varied depending on the breed. The mean frequency of SCEs was 5.13 ± 1.58, whereas that of fragile sites was 3.30 ± 1.24. The mean level of DNA damage (% head DNA) was 96.52 ± 6.59. The most damage to genetic material was observed in the Berrichon du Cher sheep, and the least in the Polish Heath sheep. The tests used are reliable biomarkers of genome stability in animal breeds, as well as in individuals within breeds.

scholarly journals Early genotoxic effects from exposure to environmental pollutants young people from South Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Lavorgna ◽  
S Angelillo ◽  
M Gentile ◽  
R Nugnes ◽  
E Orlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Young People ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Polluted Area ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes

Abstract Children and young people are particularly sensitive to the environmental pollution which is closely related to degenerative diseases. Several studies show that a genotoxic damage during young age can increase the risk of chronic diseases in adulthood. The young people are more vulnerable than adults to the environmental pollutants because they spend more time outdoors, they have immaturity of some organs and of the mechanisms involved in the cellular repair. In the present study, the early biological effects of exposure to a particularly polluted area of Southern Italy were evaluated in 200 children (6-10 year-old) and 100 young people (18-25 year-old). This area, worldwide known as Sarno basin, is characterized by strong anthropization, many agro-food processing industries, massive use of fertilizers and pesticides in agricultural practices and a strong river pollution. The comet assay was chosen because it reflects cumulative exposure to a variety of environmental factors and it was performed on salivary leukocytes in the children selected for the survey, while in the young people the DNA damage was evaluated in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. As in previous studies were not find significant differences between salivary leukocytes and blood lymphocytes we preferred the sampling of saliva for the children to avoid bloody practices. Furthermore, before cell sampling the children's parents were interviewed using an ad hoc questionnaire designed to gather additional information about exposure sources. A questionnaire was administered also to the young people to have more information on their lifestyle and some characteristic of the area of exposure (vehicular traffic and so on). The results showed a clear damage from exposure in the children differently from young people. Key messages Comet assay was performed in vitro on lymphocytes of 200 children (6-10 year-old) and 100 young people (18-25 year-old) exposed to a particularly polluted area of Southern Italy. An evident DNA damage was observed in lymphocytes coming from children; no genetic material alterations were observed in young people.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Genotoxicity in Fish Erythrocytes to Diagnose the Water Quality of Two Amazonian Estuaries Using the Micronucleus Test and Comet Assay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAUDIA ANTONIA CAMPOS RODRIGUES DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
Paulo Sergio dos Santos Souto ◽  
Dulcideia da Conceição Palheta ◽  
Marcelo de Oliveira Bahia ◽  
Lorena Araújo da Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comet Assay ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Genomic Damage ◽  
And Control

Abstract Genotoxicity studies in coastal ecosystems have been a priority in Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA). This research aimed to study the genotoxicity by the micronucleus test and comet assay in two Brazilian Amazon estuaries (anthropized and control) using Plagioscion squamosissimus as a bioindicator. Blood samples were collected from 54 specimens. No significant genotoxic effects were detected in the cells analyzed, although the highest occurrence was observed in anthropized site. The percentage of genomic damage differed between the sites studied, being always higher in anthropizes site as well. Of the nucleoids analyzed in this site, on average 28±14.42% of the cells were classified in the highest damage class (4). The fish analyzed in the present study are direct influence of xenobiont agents capable of producing damage to the genetic material of aquatic organisms in both sites and, consequently, may bring consequences still little reported in studies of morphophysiological alterations in humans.

scholarly journals Evaluation of DNA Damage in the Lymphocytes of Young, Elderly and Alzheimer’s Disease Patients Treated with β-Estradiol in the Comet Assay

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-244
Author(s):  
Lada Žrsković ◽  
Ninoslav Djelić ◽  
Vladan Bajićs ◽  
Nataša Bogavac-Stanojwić ◽  
Dijana Žukovec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Dna Migration ◽  
Cellular Dna

Summary Background: The antioxidant activity of estrogen has a be ne - ficial impact in Alzheimer’s disease. A variety of clinical stu - dies have demonstrated that estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women results in a lower frequency of AD, delaying the onset of the neurodegenerative cascade. On the other hand, it has been demonstrated that estrogens may exhibit genotoxic effects, especially at elevated tissue concentrations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether b-estradiol induces DNA damage in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy young females and males, healthy elderly females and males and females and males with Alzheimer’s disease. Methods: All experiments were performed using the alkaline version of the Comet assay (single cell gel electrophoresis), on six donors per each experimental group and controls. Results: In the Comet assay, a significant increase of DNA migration was observed in the lymphocytes of all treated groups (young and elderly females, young and elderly males, AD females and AD males) at all b-estradiol concentrations (50 mmol/L, 100 mmol/L and 250 mmol/L) used in this investigation. In all the experiments cell viability was over 80%. Conclusions: Lymphocytes are sensitive to the test concentrations of b-estradiol in the Comet assay regardless of gender, age and health condition of the examined subjects. Therefore, the role of b-estradiol in cellular DNA damage has been confirmed.

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