scholarly journals Diesel-Like Biofuels Production Using Fatty Waste

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyvia Menezes ◽  
Paulo Suarez ◽  
Grace Ghesti
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Frying Oil ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Potentially Toxic Metals ◽  
Energy Carriers ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

According to the waste-to-energy (WTE) valorization and circular economy principles, the use of waste oil and grease (WOG) for obtaining biofuels shows the tendency towards sustainability, makes the interest in green chemistry, and the development of environmentally friendly processes grow. Three different fatty wastes (from the fat trap of a sewage station, lard waste, and frying oil) were analyzed and this work showed they have no potentially toxic metals. The frying oil sample and residual lard waste showed a higher percentage of triacylglycerides resulting in higher biodiesel conversion. The samples showed physical and chemical properties (density, viscosity, and ash) within the limits established by current regulations. Bio-oil samples formed a mixture of carboxylic acids, with high acidity. However, the parameters that deviated from the maximum permitted by the standard could be adjusted blending with petroleum diesel, replacing partially the fossil energy carriers with biomass-derived energy carriers which could bring positive impacts from multiple perspectives, i.e., economic, environmental, and health.

Evaluation of physical and chemical properties and their interactions in fat, oil, and grease (FOG) deposits

2017 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin A. Gross ◽  
Jeanette L. Jensen ◽  
Hanna S. Gracz ◽  
Jens Dancer ◽  
Kevin M. Keener
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

scholarly journals Pengaruh Proses Refining Minyak Bekas Sebagai Bahan Baku Biodiesel

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Ni Made Suaniti ◽  
I Wayan Bandem Adnyana
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Frying Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Wave Numbers ◽  
Homogeneous Particle ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Penampakan minyak bekas hasil penggorengan yang berwarna coklat gelap tidak baik dikonsumsi akibat sifat fisik dan kimia minyak berubah sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan bakar atau biodiesel. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis bahan baku minyak hasil penggorengan setelah direfining dengan asam sulfat dan biodiesel hasil proses transesterifikasi dengan CaO sebagai katalis heterogen. Metode yang digunakan adalah spektroskopi Infra merah dan pengukuran secara mikroskopik. Hasil refining minyak bekas dengan asam sulfat lebih jernih dan analisis secara Infra Merah menunjukkan bahwa terjadi penurunan serapan pada berbagai bilangan gelombang dibandingkan terhadap minyak bekas. Serapan terjadi pada bilangan gelombang 2900 cm-1 diduga adanya ikatan –CH3, -CH2-, -C-H; 1656 cm1 diduga adalah ikatan C=C dan C=O; 1300 cm-1 diduga ikatan–C-H; dan 3600 cm-1 diduga adanya ikatan O-H. Secara mikroskopik menunjukkan hasil dengan ukuran partikel semakin kecil dan lebih homogen. The appearance of dark brown frying oil that is used for frying is not well consumed due to the changing physical and chemical properties of the oil so that it can be used as fuel or biodiesel. The aim of this study was to analyze the raw material of frying oil after being refined with sulfuric acid and biodiesel from the transesterification process with CaO as a heterogeneous catalyst. The method used is infrared spectroscopy and microscopic measurements. The results of refining used oil with sulfuric acid became clear and infrared analysis showed that there was a decrease in absorption at various wave numbers compared to used oil. Absorption occurred at wave numbers 2900 cm-1 was suspected to have –CH3, -CH2-, C-H bonds; 1656 cm-1 was thought to be C=C and C=O bonds; 1300cm-1  was –C-H bond;  and 3600 cm-1 was suspected to be O-H bond. Microscopically shows the results with smaller and more homogeneous particle sizes.

A Comparative Analysis of Physical and Chemical Properties of Biochars and Bio-Oils Obtained from Pyrolytic Process of Mesocarp Fibre and Empty Fruit Bunch

2017 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 387-392
Author(s):  
Nurhayati Abdullah ◽  
Aminu Aliyu Safana ◽  
Fauziah Sulaiman ◽  
Ibrahim Inuwa Abdullahi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The fundamental objectives of this study is to analyzed and compare the physical and chemical properties of pyrolysis products (biochar and bio-oil) derived from two oil palm wastes. Empty fruit bunch (EFB) and mesocarp fibre (MF) were subjected to pyrolysis at a temperature of 400 °C for 2 hours holding time at 10 °C/min heating rate and with nitrogen flow rate of 2 L/min. The result obtained from raw material showed that MF contains a high quantity of hemicellulose and lignin which led to a high yield of bio-oil and biochar respectively, whereby, EFB contained a high content of cellulose. The high content of cellulose in EFB resulted in a high yield of gas compared to fibre. The higher heating value (HHV) of biochar and bio-oil were found to be 28.76 and 19.45 MJkg-1 for MF and, 24.33 and 19.98 MJkg-1 for EFB, respectively. Comparatively, the biochar obtained from MF material has high HHV than EFB material. However, all the biochars derived can be used for briquettes production as coal replacement in the future due to significantly high calorific value as compared to Malaysian sub-bituminous coal which has 24.6 MJkg-1. Furthermore, pyrolysis of any wastes encourages proper sanitation and lead to a healthy environment. It can also serve as a potential solution to the energy crisis in developing countries, Nigeria in particular if bio-oil can be improved to power electricity generation facilities in replacement to diesel.

Effects of single-stage syngas hydrotreating on the physical and chemical properties of oxidized fractionated bio-oil

Fuel ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 634-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Luo ◽  
El Barbary Hassan ◽  
Peng Miao ◽  
Quan Xu ◽  
Philip H. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

scholarly journals HDO del guaiacol mediante el uso de catalizadores NiMo soportados sobre carbón activado obtenido a partir de la torta de higuerilla

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Ospina ◽  
Robison Buitrago ◽  
Diana Patricia Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Activating Agent ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

<p>Physical and chemical activation methods were used to prepare two different activated carbons (ACs) from castor de-oiled cake. H<sub>2</sub>O/CO<sub>2</sub> mixture was used as the physical activating agent, and for chemical activation potassium carbonate (K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>) was used. For both materials, textural and chemical properties were characterized by N<sub>2</sub> adsorption–desorption isotherms, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal programmed reduction (TPR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The ACs were used as supports for NiMo sulfide catalysts, which were prepared by wetness impregnation and in-situ sulfided for the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of guaiacol (GUA) as a model compound of bio-oil. The HDO reaction was carried out in a typical batch reactor at 5 MPa of H<sub>2</sub> and 350 °C. Under the same test conditions, commercial catalysts were also tested in the reaction. Although the commercial catalysts displayed higher GUA conversion, the prepared catalysts showed higher activity and non-oxygenated and saturated products yield. </p>

Statistical criteria of stellar population types

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
W. Iwanowska
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Population ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spectrophotometric Study ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Population Type ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Statistical Criteria ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In connection with the spectrophotometric study of population-type characteristics of various kinds of stars, a statistical analysis of kinematical and distribution parameters of the same stars is performed at the Toruń Observatory. This has a twofold purpose: first, to provide a practical guide in selecting stars for observing programmes, second, to contribute to the understanding of relations existing between the physical and chemical properties of stars and their kinematics and distribution in the Galaxy.

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