scholarly journals MODEL OF STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF PERSONAL MEANINGS

Author(s):  
O. F. Baryakhtar

The study focuses on the model of structural components of personalmeaning and is based on the spatial organization of human life. The article describes the components of the semantic sphere in all the  conceptual diversity of psychological approaches to the  phenomenology of the process in question. The author analyzes  theoretical and methodological orientation of modern psychology at  the personal potential of semantic entities as a condition for  integrated wholesome personality. One’s personality is represented  by the subject and, at the same time, by the object of one’s own life. Personal meaning is defined as a complex system formation, which  includes cognitive (life views, ideals, values, beliefs, and interests),  emotive (emotional and evaluative attitude to oneself and to others)  and cognitive (behavior, interpersonal interaction, focus and behavior in different social conditions) components. The process of meaning  integration is accompanied by harmonization and unification of the  structural components in a coherent system, i.e. the system of  personal meanings. The system as a whole acquires new qualities,  not present in the individual components, the personal meaning  being the apex of personality integration. Components of the proposed model structurally reflect the methodological potential  of the concept of personal meaning. The research aims at creating  an integrated approach to the study of the semantic determination of personality. 

2021 ◽  
pp. 844-853
Author(s):  
Yurii Antonyan

Introduction: the article is devoted to very dangerous crimes that can be both sexual and non-sexual in nature. It provides key characteristics of serial killers, especially sexual ones, and discloses their criminal behavior. Purpose: uncovering of internal causes of such offenses through criminals’ motivation and external contributing factors. Consideration of motivation is reasonable, as motives contain motivating forces of behavior, its personal meaning, i.e. what these criminal actions are committed for, what is their subjective benefit for the individual. Discussion: rapes and murders committed with extreme cruelty, violence against children and causing them serious injuries, various kinds of sexual perversions have always caused natural disgust, and consequently, unwillingness to engage in direct study of the identity of offenders. The article is based on the study of personality and behavior carried out by the author himself. Results the author identifies main features defining the specifics of serial murders, such as frequency of committing crimes; cliched nature of criminal acts; crime commission in conditions of non-obviousness; manifestation of a special externally unmotivated cruelty. The researcher classifies causes of serial murders, such as need for revenge; a way of self-affirmation; concealing traces of other crimes; purging humanity of immoral personalities, dishonoring the human race; psychological dependence on criminals’ own behavior; connection with some religious cults.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5557
Author(s):  
Oran R. Young ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
Dan Guttman

The advent of the cyber age has created a world in which digital systems, operating on their own and interacting with more conventional material or physical systems, have become an increasingly prominent feature of the landscape of human affairs. This development, affecting every aspect of human life, has generated a class of increasingly critical needs for governance that are difficult to address effectively within the confines of the current global order in which sovereign states compete to maximize their influence in the absence of any overarching public authority. These needs include concerns associated with the management of powerful digital technologies (e.g., artificial intelligence, robotics, machine learning, blockchain technology, the internet of things, and big data) as well as problems relating to the use of these technologies by many actors to exercise influence from the level of the individual (e.g., identity theft) to the level of international society (e.g., foreign interventions in national electoral systems). The challenge of meeting these needs prompts an analysis of processes leading to change in the prevailing global order, energized at least in part by the growing role of the digital systems of the cyber age. Our analysis includes both Western perspectives highlighting changes in the identity and behavior of key actors and Chinese perspectives emphasizing the spread of social narratives embedded in the concepts of tianxia and gongsheng. While it is premature to make explicit predictions, we conclude with some observations about the most important trends to watch regarding efforts to meet cyber age needs for governance, and we note the connections between these developments and the overarching challenge of fulfilling the suite of goals commonly associated with the idea of sustainable development.


2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Шедий ◽  
Mariya Shediy

The article presents an analysis of the results of the author´s empirical sociological study aimed at determining the place and importance of corruption in the system of social relationships of modern Russian society, as well as identifying features in the perception of corruption by the public group and individual consciousness. The peculiarities of corruption perception in the Russian society as a constant value are examined, which led to the transformation of this phenomenon from social anomie to the social norm, also correlation of corruption perception is analyzed as norms of behavior and age of the individual. The study of the social foundations of corruption of the Russian society and the formation of a coherent system of knowledge as a tool to change public consciousness and behavior of citizens will contribute to the development of activation mechanisms of civil society as a social resource of improving the efficiency of the state anti-corruption policy.


The Auk ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 1461-1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard A. Brennan

Abstract The following critiques express the opinions of the individual evaluators regarding the strengths, weaknesses, and value of the books they review. As such, the appraisals are subjective assessments and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the editors or any official policy of the American Ornithologists’ Union.


Author(s):  
Andri Setyorini ◽  
Niken Setyaningrum

Background: Elderly is the final stage of the human life cycle, that is part of the inevitable life process and will be experienced by every individual. At this stage the individual undergoes many changes both physically and mentally, especially setbacks in various functions and abilities he once had. Preliminary study in Social House Tresna Wreda Yogyakarta Budhi Luhur Units there are 16 elderly who experience physical immobilization. In the social house has done various activities for the elderly are still active, but the elderly who experienced muscle weakness is not able to follow the exercise, so it needs to do ROM (Range Of Motion) exercise.   Objective: The general purpose of this research is to know the effect of Range Of Motion (ROM) Active Assitif training to increase the range of motion of joints in elderly who experience physical immobility at Social House of Tresna Werdha Yogyakarta unit Budhi Luhur.   Methode: This study was included in the type of pre-experiment, using the One Group Pretest Posttest design in which the range of motion of the joints before (pretest) and posttest (ROM) was performed  ROM. Subjects in this study were all elderly with impaired physical mobility in Social House Tresna Wreda Yogyakarta Unit Budhi Luhur a number of 14 elderly people. Data analysis in this research use paired sample t-test statistic  Result: The result of this research shows that there is influence of ROM (Range of Motion) Active training to increase of range of motion of joints in elderly who experience physical immobility at Social House Tresna Wredha Yogyakarta Unit Budhi Luhur.  Conclusion: There is influence of ROM (Range of Motion) Active training to increase of range of motion of joints in elderly who experience physical immobility at Social House Tresna Wredha Yogyakarta Unit Budhi Luhur.


Author(s):  
I. D. Rudinskiy ◽  
D. Ya. Okolot

The article discusses aspects of the formation of information security culture of college students. The relevance of the work is due to the increasing threats to the information security of the individual and society due to the rapid increase in the number of information services used. Based on this, one of the important problems of the development of the information society is the formation of a culture of information security of the individual as part of the general culture in its socio-technical aspect and as part of the professional culture of the individual. The study revealed the structural components of the phenomenon of information security culture, identified the reasons for the interest in the target group of students. It justifies the need for future mid-level specialists to form an additional universal competency that ensures the individual’s ability and willingness to recognize the need for certain information, to identify and evaluate the reliability and reliability of data sources. As a result of the study, recommendations were formulated on the basis of which a culture of information security for college students can be formed and developed and a decomposition of this process into enlarged stages is proposed. The proposals on the list of disciplines are formulated, within the framework of the study of which a culture of information security can develop. The authors believe that the recommendations developed will help future mid-level specialists to master the universal competency, consisting in the ability and willingness to recognize the need for certain information, to identify and evaluate the reliability and reliability of data sources, as well as to correctly access the necessary information and its further legitimate use, which ultimately forms a culture of information security.


1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-193
Author(s):  
Ольга Віговська

У статті теоретично обґрунтовано феномен конструктивного самозбереження особистості як ознаки самоактуалізації, розкриття власного потенціалу і побудови перспективи розвитку особистості та емпірично виявлено ознаки психологічної детермінації домінуючого інстинкту у конструктивній самореалізації жінок з різним соціальним статусом. Зазначено, що проблема самозбереження асоціюється з особливостями прояву інстинкту самозбереження людини, але потреби вищого порядку зумовлюють соціальну природу її поведінки, яка локалізована у найвищій точці самореалізації. Теоретично обгрунтовано, що самореалізація визначає тенденцію раціональної організації життя людини та проявляється у її почутті задоволеністю життям. З’ясовано, що психологічну основу конструктивного самозбереження становлять індивідуально-типологічні характеристики людини, які відображають психофізіологічні та психосоціальні резерви самореалізації особистості. Розроблена програма емпіричного дослідження, а також комплекс використаних методів математичної обробки результатів дослідження дає змогу конкретизувати психологічний зміст детермінації домінуючого інстинкту у конструктивній самореалізації жінок вікового діапазону 35-45 років та з різним соціальним статусом. У жінок, які виховують проблемну (хвору) дитину, домінує інстинкт "егофільного типу", що виражається у їх надмірному егоцентризмі і супроводжується низькими показниками самоактуалізації, на відміну від досліджуваних жінок, які виховують здорових дітей і у яких на фоні вираженої тенденції до самоактуалізації домінує базовий інстинкт "дослідницького типу" та "лібертофільного типу". This article theoretically proves constructive phenomenon of self identity as signs of self-disclosure own potential and prospects of development of individual construction. In addition, it empirically showes signs of psychological determination of the dominant instinct in a constructive self-determination of women with different social statuses. It was noted that the issue of self-preservation is associated with the peculiarities of manifestation of self-preservation instinct of man, but it needs higher-order cause social nature of the behavior that is localized at the highest point of self-realization. It theorized that self-realization determines the trend of rational organization of human life and manifests itself in its sense of life satisfaction. It was found that the psychological basis of constructive self-preservation of the individual make individually-typological characteristics of a person that reflect physiological and psychosocial reserves of self-realization. The developed program of empirical research, as well as the methods used complex mathematical processing of results of research allows to specify the content of the psychological determination of the dominant instinct of constructive self-realization а women age range of 35-45 years and with different social status. Women who bring up the problem child dominates the instinct of self-preservation, which is reflected in their excessive self-centeredness, and is accompanied by low levels of self-actualization, as opposed to the study of women who are raising healthy children and that against the backdrop of a pronounced tendency to self-actualization, dominated by basic instinct "research type" and "independent type."


2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Abakumova I.V. ◽  
Grishina A.V. ◽  
Godunov M.V.

Modern psychology considers meaning regulation, as an integral mechanism of personal development. A system of personal meanings develops in the processes of under-standing reality. Due to their polymodality personal meanings cannot be good or bad, but they are not the same. When confronted with unknown situations, the unevenness of the emerging personal meanings can lead to match or mismatch with the existing system of mean-ings. Coincidence, as agreement with a new fact, means meaning consonance. Mismatch, as a mismatch between new and existing information, means meaning disso-nance, as a kind of cognitive dissonance. An analysis of modern psychological literature shows that there are two main plans for the action of meaning dissonances: the dissonance of individual meanings in the implementation of real interactions and the dissonance of common mean-ings during the translation of interpersonal meaning formations. It is proposed to consider that meaning ac-quires a personal coloring due to the processes of both consonance and dissonance positioning of meaning con-structs in the meaning sphere of the subject. The revealed dichotomy of the meaning formation processes shows the possibility of manifestation of meanings bipolarity, which is revealed in the process of transition from the internal to the external world and in collisions with oth-er meaning systems. Then it can be assumed that the ef-fect of meaning dissonance manifests itself in two ways: firstly, in terms of real interactions as a discord of indi-vidual meanings, and secondly, in terms of translation of interpersonal meaning constructs as a dissonance of common meanings. In the course of such an external for-mation, meaning becomes already a personal meaning in the consciousness of a particular person.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (6) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Алан Карсанов ◽  
Alan Karsanov ◽  
Наталья Полунина ◽  
Natal'ya Polunina

The combined nature of the factors that threaten the patient and the complex subordination of many clinical risks are the basis of the authors' perception of the safety of medical activity (SMA) as a complex problem, the solution of which should be sought in improving managerial measures of a systemic nature. As structural components of an integrated approach to providing SMA, measures should be implemented aimed at increasing staff motivation, at increasing the level of medical communications, at introducing modern diagnostic and medical technologies, at improving the control and administrative component based on the industrial model of healthcare organization.


Author(s):  
Peggy J. Miller ◽  
Grace E. Cho

Chapter 12, “Commentary: Personalization,” discusses the process of personalization, based on the portraits presented in Chapters 8–11. Personalization is not just a matter of individual variation; it is a form of active engagement through which individuals endow imaginaries with personal meanings and refract the imaginary through their own experiences. The portraits illustrate how the social imaginary of childrearing and self-esteem entered into dialogue with the complex realities of people’s lives. Parents’ ability to implement their childrearing goals was constrained and enabled by their past experiences and by socioeconomic conditions. The individual children were developing different strategies of self-evaluation, different expectations about how affirming the world would be, and different self-defining interests, and their self-making varied, depending on the situation. Some children received diagnoses of low self-esteem as early as preschool.


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