scholarly journals Toxicity of apple juice and its components in the model plant system

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-328
Author(s):  
Artem Samoylov ◽  
Natal’ya Suraeva ◽  
Mariya Zaytseva ◽  
Vera Rachkova ◽  
Madinat Kurbanova ◽  
...  

Introduction. In view of the ongoing research into the negative effects of fruit juice on human health, we aimed to study the subchronic toxicity of apple juice, a model mixture based on its components, and ethanol on biomass growth, cellular oxidative enzymes, and chromosomal abnormalities in Allium cepa roots. Study objects and methods. Our objects of study included clarified apple juice and its components such as fructose, glucose, sucrose, D-sorbitol, and malic acid. After treating Allium cepa roots with apple juice and a model mixture in different concentrations, we analyzed their toxic effects on biomass growth, malondialdehyde levels, as well as the nature and frequency of proliferative and cytogenetic disorders in the plant tissues. Results and discussion. The incubation in an aqueous solution of apple juice at a concentration of 1:5 inhibited the growth in root mass by 50% compared to the control (water). The mitotic index of cells decreased with higher concentrations of juice, reaching zero at a 1:5 dilution. The fructose and model solutions in the same concentrations appeared less toxic in relation to cell mitosis and root mass growth. Although malondialdehyde levels increased in the onion roots treated with juice and model solutions, they were twice as low as in the control due to the juice’s antioxidant activity. Adding 1% ethanol to the 1:2 diluted juice abolished the effect of acute toxicity on root growth and reduced malondialdehyde levels by 30%. Conclusion. The study revealed a complex of interdependent biomarkers of apple juice responsible for its subchronic toxicity in Allium cepa roots. These data can be used to create biological response models based on the approaches of systems biology and bioinformatics.

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabhakar Bhatta ◽  
S. R. Sakya

The mitotic activity and chromosomal behaviour was observed in four different concentrations of magnesium sulphate at four different duration of treatment using Allium cepa as a biological system. Mito-inhibitory effect of the compound was observed in higher concentration. The compound was capable of producing various chromosomal abnormalities indicating the cytostatic and clastogenic properties of magnesium sulphate. Key words: Allium cepa, magnesium sulphate, mitotic index, phase indices.doi: 10.3126/eco.v15i0.1947 ECOPRINT 15: 83-88, 2008


Author(s):  
Geovanio Alves da Silva ◽  
Eder Ferreira Arriel ◽  
Mellina Nicácio da Luz ◽  
Valeska Regina Silva Martins ◽  
Elisabeth de Oliveira ◽  
...  

The study of cell division processes is important for the understanding of how genetic information is transmitted from cell to cell and to descendants. To observe the phases of mitosis in meristematic cells of the onion root (Allium cepa), it is necessary to induce the rooting of this bulb that can be influenced by some factors like the type of water and the preparation form of the bulb of the onion for the success of rhizogenesis. In view of the above, the objective was to evaluate the influence of the water source and the opening of holes in the stem of the propagule to induce rooting in a hydroponic system. Two experiments were installed. In the first, one of the treatments was used distilled water and treated water. In the other experiment, three treatments were evaluated (without holes, few holes and a lot of holes in the stem of the bulb). Five days after installation of the first experiment, data were collected on the number of bulbs that gave off roots and this variable was analyzed using the X2 test. In the other test, also at five days, root number and fresh root mass data were obtained and the data were submitted for analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Scott-Knott test. For the induction of rooting in onion bulbs (Allium cepa) in a hydroponic system, water should be used, preferably treated, cleaned and decontaminated. The stem of the onion bulb should receive many perforations to facilitate the absorption of water with the essential nutrients for rooting.


2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1181-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.N. Abubacker ◽  
C. Sathya

ABSTRACT: Angiosperms are recognized as appropriate genetic models to detect heavy metal based environmental mutagens and are used in monitoring studies. Allium cepa (onion) has been used to evaluate DNA damages like chromosome aberrations and abnormalities in the mitotic cycle. The aim of the present study is to analyze the cytotoxic effects of chromium, copper, lead and zinc in A. cepa root tip squash mitotic cell divisions. The root tips were treated with three concentrations, viz. 5, 10 and 20 mg/100 ml of chromium, copper, lead and zinc at room temperature for 24 h. Mitotic indices and chromosomal abnormalities were calculated. It was observed that these heavy metals induced different types of chromosomal abnormalities comprising of Chromosome break, Chromosome bridge, C-mitosis, Vagrant, Delayed Anaphase and Vagrant, Chromosome Loss, Polyploidy and Chromosome Bridge, Chromosome Loss and Loculated Nucles, Stickiness, Multipolarity and Polyploid prophase along with the increasing doses. The effect of chromium and lead at 20 mg/100 ml concentration was found to be more toxic rather than copper and zinc to the root meristem of A. cepa. The ranking of cytotoxic potentials was in the descending order: lead > chromium > copper > zinc.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
W. M. Dimuthu Nilmini Wijeyaratne ◽  
P. G. Minola Udayangani Wickramasinghe

Appropriate effluent treatment processes are expected to significantly reduce the toxicity of effluents before they are released to the natural environment. The present study was aimed to assess the spatial and temporal variations of the physical and chemical water quality parameters of a natural water body receiving treated textile effluents and to assess the chromosomal abnormalities induced by the treated textile effluents. Four sampling sites (A: effluent discharge point; B: 100 m downstream from site A along the tributary; C: 200 m downstream from site A along the tributary; D: 100 m upstream from site A along the tributary) were selected associated to a tributary that received treated textile effluent. The physical and chemical water quality parameters were measured in the composite water samples collected from the study sites, and Allium cepa bioassay was conducted using aged tap water as the control. Sampling was conducted in both rainy and dry seasons. The conductivity, TDS, COD, and colour intensity of the water samples collected from the study sites were significantly higher during the dry season compared to those in the rainy season. Allium cepa root meristematic cells exposed to water samples from sites A, B, and C showed a significantly high interphase and prophase indices compared to those exposed to aged tap water and upstream site during both rainy and dry seasons. The mitotic index of the root tip cells of Allium cepa bulbs exposed to the water samples collected from the effluent discharge point (site A) and from the 100 m downstream site from site A (site B) was significantly lower than that of the other sites in both rainy and dry seasons. However, the mitotic index of the root tip cells of Allium cepa bulbs exposed to the water samples from the upstream site was not significantly different from that of the control treatment during both sampling seasons. The bioassay indicated that the mitotic index and phase index of the root meristematic cells of Allium cepa can be affected by the treated textile effluents released to the water body and the occurrence of C metaphase, chromosomal adherence, bridges, disturbed anaphase, vagrant chromosomes, and chromosomal breaks indicated that the treated textile effluent receiving tributary can possibly contain genotoxic and mutagenic compounds which can induce chromosomal abnormalities.


Our Nature ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 242-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.D. Rai ◽  
N. Paudel ◽  
S.R. Shakya

Artemisia vulgaris L., a perennial aromatic shrub with bitter taste, is considered as a medicinal plant and water extract of it consists of active components like psilostachyin A, psilostachy C, Exiguaflavanone A, Maackiain, fernenol with both anti-bacterial and medicinal value. It has been used to perserve crops and stored grains both in liquid and powder by farmers. The cytological effect was observed in 5, 7.5, 10 and 20% concentrations of Leaf Extract of Artemisia vulgaris (LEA) on Allium cepa L. in five different time durations. The present study showed the correlation between concentration of LEA and duration of treatment in controlled state. Higher concentrations of LEA as well as longer duration of treatment generate the inhibitory effect on the division of cells. Lower concentration of LEA showed less effect on Mitotic Index value (MI) in comparison with control value, which is attributed to delay in metabolic activities. It also showed the change in phase indices and induced chromosomal abnormalities among the phases.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7787


2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisângela Düsman ◽  
Márcia Flores da Silva Ferreira ◽  
Alessandra Paim Berti ◽  
Rosinete Gonçalves Mariucci ◽  
Mário Sérgio Mantovani ◽  
...  

Fruits are important sources of nutrients in human diet, and Barbados Cherry (Malpighia glabra L.) is of particular interest due to its high content of antioxidants. Diets rich in fruits and vegetables protect individuals against diseases and cancer, but excessive intake of vitamins may act as pro-oxidant and generate changes in DNA. To evaluate the effect of different in natura (BAN) and frozen (BAF) Barbados Cherry pulp concentrations and synthetic vitamin C in liquid form (VC) on the chromosome level and the cell cycle division, root meristeme cells of Allium cepa L. and bone marrow cells of Wistar rats Rattus norvegicus, were used as test system. In Allium cepa L., BAN, at the highest concentration (0.4 mg.mL-1) and BAF, at the lowest concentration (0.2 mg.mL-1), inhibited cell division, and there was recovery of cell division after the recovery period in water only for BAN. In the Wistar rats, all treatments with Barbados Cherry, either acute or subchronic, were not cytotoxic or mutagenic; only the highest concentration of VC increased significantly the rate of chromosomal abnormalities. The data obtained are important to reinforce the use of Barbados Cherry fruit in the diet.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 084-090
Author(s):  
Afrin Priya Talukder ◽  
Sarwat Tazrian ◽  
Md. Nazmul Haque ◽  
Shahriar Zaman ◽  
Md. Akhtar-E-Ekram

In the present study, a bacterial strain capable of Pb and Cr detoxification was isolated from tannery effluents which was identified as Myroides sp. through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In the cytogenetic experiment, 100 and 600 µg/ml of lead and chromium were used as treatment for the root tips of Allium cepa and caused many chromosomal abnormalities such as abnormal chromosome position, damaged nucleus, breaks of chromosome bridges and fragments also occurred. Notably, sticky metaphase was found where sticky chromosomes indicated highly toxic, usually irreversible consequences leading to cell death. However, Myroides sp. treated supernatant, collected after day 7, used to treat Allium cepa tips showed less mitotic aberrations, nuclear degeneration and observed normal anaphase and telophase stage indicating possible metal detoxifying ability of the isolated strain. Furthermore, LC50 value was 64.63 μl/ml for Myroides sp.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deniz Kurt ◽  
Emine Yalçın ◽  
Kültiğin Çavuşoğlu

Abstract Background In this study, the protective effects of trans-resveratrol against 1,4-dioxane induced toxicity in meristematic cells were investigated. For this purpose, Allium test which is a reliable test was used and the alterations in all experimental groups were examined by using physiological, cytogenetic, biochemical and anatomical parameters.Results As a result of the analysis, it has been determined that 1,4-dioxane causes serious abnormalities in Allium cepa meristematic cells. It was determined that in 1,4-dioxane treated group germination percentage regressed 1.6-times, root length reduced 12.7-times and weight gain decreased 7.7-times compared to control group. It has been observed that trans-resveratrol administration with 1,4-dioxane causes improvement in physiological parameters and reduces the damage rate from 0.4 to 0.16. Mitotic index, micronucleus and chromosomal abnormality frequency were investigated as cytogenetic parameters. It was determined that mitotic index decreased, chromosomal abnormalities and micronucleus frequency increased in 1,4-dioxane treated group. Trans-resveratrol treatment was found to cause a dose dependent improvement in genotoxic effects induced by 1,4-dioxane. Changes in the antioxidant system in all experimental groups were determined by measuring malondialdehyde, glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme levels. It was determined that 1,4-dioxane administration caused an increase in malondialdehyde level, decreased glutathion rate and induced antioxidant enzyme activity. Trans-resveratrol application was found to cause improvement in these alterations induced by 1,4-dioxane. It was observed that the 200 mg/mL trans-resveratrol+1,4-dioxane treatment caused a 1.9-fold decrease in malondialdehyde level which is indicator of lipid peroxidation compared to only 1,4-dioxane treated group. The abnormalities caused by 1,4-dioxane application in the meristematic cells are also found in the anatomical structure. In 1,4-dioxane treatment group, anatomical changes such as cell deformation and cortex wall thickening were observed. The frequency of these changes decreased with trans-resveratrol administration.Conclusions As a result, it was determined that 1,4-dioxane caused a versatile toxicity in Allium cepa meristematic cells, while trans-resveratrol was found to have a dose-dependent protective feature against 1,4-dioxane-induced toxicity.


2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (22) ◽  
pp. 4925-4934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Álvarez ◽  
Francisco A. Riera ◽  
Ricardo Álvarez ◽  
José Coca

Chemosphere ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 475-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Bianchi ◽  
Thais Cristina Casimiro Fernandes ◽  
Maria Aparecida Marin-Morales

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