Evaluation of Ochratoxins in Lactating Mothers and its Transfer to Their Exclusively Breast-Fed Infants through Breast milk

Background: Breast milk is the only source of iodine for exclusively breast-fed infants. Iodine status of breast-fed infants depends on iodine in breast milk and also number of feeding in 24 hours. Iodine deficiency and iodine excess both have bad impact on infants health.Objective: To measure the iodine in breast milk and to evaluate iodine status of their breast-fed infants.Materials and method: This observational analytical study was carried out in the department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka with active cooperation of Kumudini Womens Medical College Hospital, Mirzapur, Tangail involving fifty lactating mothers and their exclusively breast-fed infants. Early morning urine and breast milk samples were collected in dry and clean plastic container free from any chemical contamination. Urinary iodine was used as indicator for assessing iodine status. All statistical analyses were done by using SPSS (statistical programme for social science) 12 version software package for Windows.Results: The median (range) urinary iodine concentration of lactating mothers and their breast-fed infants were 225.25 ?g/L (61.50-530.00) and 225.75 ?g/L (100.50-526.00) respectively. The median (range) breast-milk iodine concentration was 157 ?g/L (54.50-431.50) which was more than three times of recommended minimum concentration (50 ?g/L). Only 2 (4%) lactating mothers had mild biochemical iodine deficiency (UIE, 50-99 ?g/L). There was no biochemical iodine deficiency of breast-fed infants. Iodine in breast milk of lactating mothers was positively correlated with their urinary iodine excretion (p<0.01). Infants urinary iodine was positively correlated with iodine concentration in breast milk (p<0.01) and with urinary iodine of lactating mothers (p<0.01).Conclusion: Lactating mothers and their breast-fed infants in this study were iodine sufficient. If iodine content of breast-milk is within normal range, 10-12 numbers of feeding in 24 hours for infants is enough to get sufficient iodine from their mothers milk.Delta Med Col J. Jul 2015; 3(2): 74-77

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Maternal iodine status reflects the iodine status of their breast-fed infants

Mediscope ◽

10.3329/mediscope.v2i1.24734 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 13-17

Author(s):

GM Molla ◽

FH Mollah ◽

MT Milky ◽

DK Sunyal ◽

MI Arslan

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Iodine Deficiency ◽

Urinary Iodine ◽

Iodine Concentration ◽

Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽

Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽

Minimum Concentration ◽

Iodine Status ◽

Lactating Mothers ◽

Breast Fed

The objective of the observational analytical study was to assess the iodine status of lactating mothers and their breast-fed infants and to evaluate whether maternal iodine status reflects the iodine status of their breast-fed infants. The study was carried out in the department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka with active cooperation of Kumudini Womens Medical College Hospital, Mirzapur, Tangail involving fifty lactating mothers and their exclusively breast-fed infants. Early morning urine and breast milk samples were collected in dry and clean plastic container free from any chemical contamination. Urinary iodine excretion (UIE) was used as indicator for assessing iodine status. The median (range) urinary iodine concentration of lactating mothers and their breast-fed infants were 225.3 ?g/L (61.5-530.0) and 225.8?g/L (100.5-526.0), respectively. Of the mothers, 96% (48) had no biochemical iodine deficiency (UIE ?100?g/L), only 4% (2) had mild biochemical iodine deficiency (UIE, 50-99?g/L). There was no biochemical iodine deficiency of breast-fed infants. The median breast-milk iodine concentration was 157?g/L which was more than three times of recommended minimum concentration (50?g/L). Iodine in breast milk of lactating mothers was positively correlated with their UIE (p < 0.01). Infants urinary iodine was positively correlated with iodine concentration in breast milk (p < 0.01) and also positively correlated with urinary iodine of lactating mothers (p < 0.01). Lactating mothers and their breast-fed infants in this study were iodine sufficient. Iodine status of exclusively breast-fed infants can be determined by the iodine status of their mothers.Mediscope Vol. 2, No. 1: 2015, Pages 13-17

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Urinary Iodine Excretion of Lactating Mothers Predicts the Iodine Content of Their Breast Milk

Journal of Enam Medical College ◽

10.3329/jemc.v1i1.11132 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 15-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Golam Morshed Molla ◽

M Iqbal Arslan ◽

Forhadul Hoque Mollah ◽

Md Aminul Haque Khan ◽

Chaklader Md Kamal Jinnah

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Urinary Iodine ◽

Iodine Content ◽

Iodine Concentration ◽

Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽

Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽

Lactating Mothers ◽

Iodine Excretion ◽

Breast Milk Iodine Concentration ◽

Breast Fed

Background: Iodine is essential for normal growth, mental development and survival of infants. Bangladesh is an iodine deficient region. Breast milk is the only source of iodine for exclusively breast-fed infants. Routine measurement of breast milk iodine concentration is very difficult in our country due to some social and religious barriers. So, we designed this study in our population using urinary iodine as the indicator for assessing iodine status. Objectives: To assess the iodine status of lactating mothers and their breast-fed infants and to propose a method on how to predict the iodine concentration in breast milk. Materials and Methods: This observational analytical study was carried out in the department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka with active cooperation of Kumudini Womens Medical College Hospital, Mirzapur, Tangail involving fifty lactating mothers and their exclusively breast-fed infants. Early morning urine and breast milk samples were collected in dry and clean plastic container free from any chemical contamination. All statistical analyses were done by using SPSS (Statistical Programme for Social Science) 12 version software package for windows. Results: The median (range) urinary iodine concentration of lactating mothers and their breast-fed infants were 225.25 ?g/L (61.50-530.00) and 225.75 ?g/L (100.50-526.50). 96% (48) mothers had no biochemical iodine deficiency (UIE ?100?g/L), only 4% (2) mothers had mild biochemical iodine deficiency (UIE 50-99?g/L). There was no biochemical deficiency of breast-fed infants. The median (range) breast-milk iodine concentration was 157 ?g/L (54.50-431.50) which was more than three times of recommended minimum concentration (50 ?g/L). Iodine in breast milk of lactating mothers positively correlated with their urinary iodine excretion (P<0.01). Infants urinary iodine positively correlated with iodine concentration in breast milk (P<0.01) and also positively correlated with urinary iodine excretion of lactating mothers. Conclusion: Lactating mothers and their breast-fed infants in this study were found iodine sufficient. Urinary iodine concentration of lactating mothers predicts the iodine content of their breast milk. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v1i1.11132J Enam Med Col 2011; 1(1): 15-18

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Iodine status of postpartum women and their infants in Australia after the introduction of mandatory iodine fortification

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114517001775 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 117 (12) ◽

pp. 1656-1662 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Dao Huynh ◽

Dominique Condo ◽

Robert Gibson ◽

Beverly Muhlhausler ◽

Philip Ryan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Infant Feeding ◽

Gestational Age ◽

South Australia ◽

Further Education ◽

Postpartum Women ◽

Feeding Mode ◽

Lactating Mothers ◽

The Relationship ◽

Breast Fed

AbstractMandatory I fortification in bread was introduced in Australia in 2009 in response to the re-emergence of biochemical I deficiency based on median urinary I concentration (UIC)<100 µg/l. Data on the I status of lactating mothers and their infants in Australia are scarce. The primary aim of this study was to assess the I status, determined by UIC and breast milk I concentration (BMIC), of breast-feeding mothers in South Australia and UIC of their infants. The secondary aim was to assess the relationship between the I status of mothers and their infants. The median UIC of the mothers (n 686) was 125 (interquartile range (IQR) 76–200) µg/l and median BMIC (n 538) was 127 (IQR 84–184) µg/l. In all, 38 and 36 % of the mothers had a UIC and BMIC below 100 µg/l, respectively. The median UIC of infants (n 628) was 198 (IQR 121–296) µg/l, and 17 % had UIC<100 µg/l. Infant UIC was positively associated with maternal UIC (β 0·26; 95 % CI 0·14, 0·37, P<0·001) and BMIC (β 0·85; 95 % CI 0·66, 1·04, P<0·001) at 3 months postpartum after adjustment for gestational age, parity, maternal secondary and further education, BMI category and infant feeding mode. The adjusted OR for infant UIC<100 µg/l was 6·49 (95 % CI 3·80, 11·08, P<0·001) in mothers with BMIC<100 µg/l compared with those with BMIC≥100 µg/l. The I status of mothers and breast-fed infants in South Australia, following mandatory I fortification, is indicative of I sufficiency. BMIC<100 µg/l increased the risk of biochemical I deficiency in breast-fed infants.

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Ultrasound therapy and taping in lactating mothers with breast engorgement

Biomedicine ◽

10.51248/.v39i3.181 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 509-512

Author(s):

M. V. Sowmya ◽

D. Indrani

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Medical History ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Ultrasound Therapy ◽

Past Medical History ◽

Milk Supply ◽

New Born ◽

Lactating Mothers ◽

History Of ◽

Breast Fed

Breast engorgement is commonly encountered in lactating mothers, it is defined as the swelling and distension of breast, usually in the early days of initiation of lactation, due to vascular dilation as well as the arrival of the milk. It is the painful overfilling of the breasts with milk. This is usually caused by an imbalance between milk supply and infant demand. Early breast fullness occurs as milk supply develops and while new born has an irregular breast-feeding routine. Then normal fullness is caused by the milk and extra blood and fluids in the breasts as body uses the extra fluids to make breast milk and if baby is not breast-fed for several days then breast engorgement can occur. Twenty four-year old mother with past medical history of hypothyroid, hypertension and she complained firmness of breast. On palpation of the breast, tenderness is present. Due to pain, firm and tenderness she was not able to feed her baby. Pain and engorgement were assessed by using visual analogue scaleand6-point self-rated engorgement scale. After one week of treatment with ultrasound therapy and taping, there was decrease in breast engorgement and pain.

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Maternal Iodine Status Reflects the Iodine Status of their Breast-Fed Infants

Pulse ◽

10.3329/pulse.v6i1-2.20283 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (1-2) ◽

pp. 6-11

Author(s):

GM Molla ◽

FH Mollah ◽

MT Milky ◽

DK Sunyal ◽

A Yasmin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Iodine Deficiency ◽

Urinary Iodine ◽

Iodine Concentration ◽

Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽

Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽

Minimum Concentration ◽

Iodine Status ◽

Lactating Mothers ◽

Breast Fed

Background: Bangladesh is an iodine deficient region and the government of Bangladesh, with assistance of UNICEF had initiated a universal salt iodinization program to provide iodized salt by the middle of 1994. Breast milk is the only source of iodine for exclusively breast-fed infants. Iodine deficiency and iodine excess both have bad impact on infants health. Objectives: To assess the iodine status of lactating mothers and their breast-fed infants and to evaluate whether maternal iodine status reflects the iodine status of their breast-fed infants. Material and methods: This observational analytical study was carried out in the department of biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka with active cooperation of Kumudini Womens Medical College Hospital, Mirzapur, Tangail involving fifty lactating mothers and their exclusively breast-fed infants. Early morning urine and breast milk samples were collected in dry and clean plastic containers free from any chemical contamination. Urinary iodine was used as an indicator for assessing iodine status. All statistical analysis was done by using SPSS (Statistical Program for Social Science) 12 version software package for windows. Results: The median (range) urinary iodine concentration of lactating mothers and their breast-fed infants were 225.25 ?g/L (61.50-530.00) and 225.75?g/L (100.50-526.00). 96% (48) mothers had no biochemical iodine deficiency (UIE ?100?g/L), only 4% (2) mothers had mild biochemical iodine deficiency (UIE, 50-99?g/L). There was no biochemical iodine deficiency of breast-fed infants. The median breast-milk iodine concentration was 157?g/L which was more than three times of recommended minimum concentration (50?g/L). Iodine in breast milk of lactating mothers was positively correlated with their urinary iodine excretion (P<0.01). Infants urinary iodine was positively correlated with iodine concentration in breast milk (P<0.01) and also positively correlated with urinary iodine of lactating mothers (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Lactating mothers and their breast-fed infants in this study were iodine sufficient. Iodine status of exclusively breast-fed infants can be determined by the iodine status of their mothers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pulse.v6i1-2.20283 Pulse Vol.6 January-December 2013 p.6-11

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Services Provided for Lactating Mothers at Lactation Management Clinic in Selected Tertiary Level Hospitals

Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine ◽

10.3329/jopsom.v38i2.47867 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 68-73

Author(s):

Tarannum Tasnim ◽

ANM Shamsul Islam ◽

Mehedi Hasan Azad ◽

Farhana Sharmin

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Milk Production ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dietary Advice ◽

Tertiary Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Breast Milk Production ◽

Lactating Mothers ◽

Structured Questionnaire

Background: Children are the precious gift from the Almightily Allah and breast milk is an ideal product given to the human being by nature to fulfill all requirements of the offspring until they are matured enough to take adult food. Objective: To assess the services provided for lactating mothers at lactation management centre in selected tertiary level hospitals. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 100 Lactating mothers who were selected conveniently and were interviewed by pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire and an observational checklist. Collected data were processed and analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Packages for Social Science) software. Results: Lactation management centre (LMC) is supervised by a consultant and separate room is allotted in both out-patient and in-patient departments. Mothers came with lactation problems were more likely in the first month of the baby (73%) and feeling of not enough milk production was common (49%).Highly significant relationship was found between breast problems of lactating mother and age of child (p<0.001). About 84% respondents received practical demonstration on position and attachment of the baby during lactation. About 91% respondents got dietary advice for enough breast milk production, 75% got dietary advice regarding their child’s weaning food chart and69% got health education. Maximum mothers were informed about LMC by doctor & nurse (82%). Conclusion: Information about LMC services should be disseminated across the country. Lactating mothers should be familiarized with LMC and public awareness should be enhanced for effective management of breastfeeding problem to promote, protect and support the breastfeeding. JOPSOM 2019; 38(2): 68-73

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Across The “Sweetiest” Properties Of Human Breast Milk: Focus On Oligosaccharides

Current Pediatric Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573396316666200429114217 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Flaminia Bardanzellu ◽

Alessandra Reali ◽

Maria Antonietta Marcialis ◽

Vassilios Fanos

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Active Role ◽

Individual Variability ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

Formula Milk ◽

Target Organs ◽

Lactating Mothers ◽

Neonatal Nutrition ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽

Systemic Infections

Introduction: Breast Milk (BM), containing nutrients and bioactive components, represents the best source for neonatal nutrition and determines short- and long- term benefits. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) play an active role in these pathophysiological mechanisms. In fact; they influence the shaping of breastfed infant’s gut microbiota, promote intestinal development, confer protection against intestinal or systemic infections modulating immune system; moreover, HMOs determine extra-intestinal effects on several target organs, i.e reducing necrotizing enterocolitis rate or improving brain development. Aims: In this review, we analyze the great inter- and intra-individual variability of BM HMOs, investigating maternal, genetic and environmental factors modulating their composition. Moreover, we provide an update regarding HMOs’ unique properties, underlining their complex interaction with intestinal microbiota and host-derived metabolites. The possible HMOs’ influence on extra-intestinal bacterial communities, potentially influencing newborns’ and even lactating mothers’ health, have been hypothesized. Finally, recognized HMOs’ crucial role, we underline the promising opportunities showed by their addition in formula milk, useful to create dairy products more similar to maternal milk itself.

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Impact of Maternal Daily Oral Low-Dose Vitamin A Supplementation on the Mother–Infant Pair: A Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial in China

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13072370 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 2370

Author(s):

Ye Ding ◽

Ping Hu ◽

Yue Yang ◽

Fangping Xu ◽

Fang Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Low Dose ◽

Maternal Serum ◽

Control Group ◽

Vitamin A Supplementation ◽

Maternal Vitamin ◽

Vitamin A Status ◽

Lactating Mothers

Background: The nutritional status of vitamin A in lactating mothers and infants is still not optimistic. Due to the dietary habits and dietary restrictions of postpartum customs in China, vitamin A supplementation has been advocated as a potential strategy to improve vitamin A status of lactating mothers with inadequate dietary vitamin A intake. Existing clinical trials are limited to single or double high-dose maternal administrations. However, in China, vitamin A supplements are readily available in the form of daily oral low-dose supplements, and the effect of these is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of daily oral low-dose vitamin A supplementation on the retinol levels in the serum and breast milk of lactating mothers and the health status of infants in China. Methods: Lactating mothers who met the inclusion criteria and planned to continue exclusive breastfeeding were randomly assigned to receive either daily oral vitamin A and D drops (one soft capsule of 1800 IU vitamin A and 600 IU vitamin D2), or a matching placebo for 2 months. Before and after the intervention, dietary intake was investigated by instant photography, and the retinol concentration in maternal serum and breast milk was determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. During the trial, the health status of infants was diagnosed by a paediatrician or reported by lactating mothers. A total of 245 participants completed the study, with 117 in the supplementation group and 128 in the control group. Results: After the 2-month intervention, maternal serum retinol concentrations increased in the supplementation group with no change in the control group. Although breast milk retinol concentrations decreased significantly in both groups, the decrease in the supplementation group was significantly lower than that in the control group. However, maternal vitamin A supplementation was not associated with a lower risk of infant febrile illness, respiratory tract infection, diarrhoea, and eczema. Conclusions: Daily oral low-dose vitamin A supplementation is helpful in improving maternal vitamin A status, despite having no effect on infant health status through breast milk.

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Comparison of Vitamin D and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations in Human Breast Milk between 1989 and 2016–2017

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020573 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 573

Author(s):

Naoko Tsugawa ◽

Mayu Nishino ◽

Akiko Kuwabara ◽

Honami Ogasawara ◽

Maya Kamao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Human Breast ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Lactating Mothers ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Background: Breast milk is considered the optimal source of nutrition during infancy. Although the vitamin D concentration in human breast milk is generally considered poor for infants, vitamin D in breast milk is an important source for exclusively breastfed infants. Increases in vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in lactating mothers may reduce vitamin D concentrations in breast milk. This study aimed to compare vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations in breast milk collected in 1989 and 2016–2017 and simultaneously analyze them with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS); the association between the lifestyle of recent lactating mothers (2016–2017) and vitamin D status in human breast milk was also evaluated. Method: Lactating mothers were recruited from three regions of Japan in 1989 (n = 72) and 2016–2017 (n = 90), and milk from 3–4 months was collected in summer and winter. The samples were strictly sealed and stored at −80℃ until measurement. Breast milk vitamin D and 25OHD concentrations were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Vitamin D intake, sun exposure, and sunscreen use of the lactating mothers in 2016–2017 were assessed. Results: Both vitamin D and 25OHD concentrations in breast milk were higher in the summer regardless of the survey year. Significantly lower vitamin D and 25OHD concentrations were observed in 2016–2017 compared with 1989 in summer, but no survey year difference was observed in winter. The stepwise multiple regression analyses identified season, daily outdoor activity, and suntan in the last 12 months as independent factors associated with vitamin D3 concentrations. Conclusion: The results suggest that low vitamin D status in recent lactating mothers may have decreased vitamin D and 25OHD concentrations in breast milk compared with the 1980s. These results are helpful for developing public health strategies to improve vitamin D status in lactating mothers and infants.

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