The Impact of Foliar Spray of Chitosan Nano-particles and Bulk Form on Crimson Seedless Grapevine Quality and Productivity

AbstractExperiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of spray volume, nozzle type, adjuvants, the presence of dew, and their interactions on foliar retention of creeping bentgrass. Tartrazine, a common food dye, was used as a tracer in this study. Increasing spray volume from 95 L ha−1 to 1,500 L ha−1 decreased foliar retention efficiency from 98% to approximately 85%. Compared with flat-fan nozzles, air-induction nozzles delivered similar retention efficiency at all spray volumes evaluated. However, flat-fan nozzles provided higher uniformity and more thorough coverage. Adding nonionic surfactants, organosilicone adjuvants, or methylated seed oils at typical concentrations yielded retention efficiency of approximately 90% to 93% regardless of spray volumes. In contrast, with water alone, increasing spray volume reduced retention efficiency from 95.9% to 87.3%. Simulated dew applied at 1,950 L ha−1 increased retention efficiency by approximately 3% when spray application volume was 190 L ha−1, while no difference was observed at 750 L ha−1. The presence of dew reduced the impact of adjuvants on retention efficiency. Large quantities of dew, 3,800 L ha−1, did reduce retention efficiency.

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Impact of zinc fertilization on growth, yield and quality of zero till wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Journal of Environmental Biology ◽

10.22438/jeb/42/2/mrn-1598 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 326-331

Author(s):

M. Singh ◽

◽

K.S. Sandhu ◽

Keyword(s):

Foliar Application ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Recommended Dose ◽

Zn Deficiency ◽

Soil Application ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

The Impact

Aim: To determine the impact of soil and foliar application of ZnSO4.7H2O at late stages of wheat as heading initiation (5% ear formation), 100% heading (complete ear formation) and heading initiation and 100% heading along with recommended dose of fertilizer on growth, yield and quality of zero till wheat. Methodology: The field experiment was conducted on zero till wheat. The treatments consisted of control (no Zn), soil application of 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50 kg ha-1 ZnSO4.7H2O and foliar application of 0.5% Zn as one spray at heading initiation (5% ear formation), one spray at 100% heading (complete ear formation) and two sprays at heading initiation and 100% heading with recommended dose of fertilizer. These treatments were evaluated in RBD with three replications. Results: Soil application of 50, 37.5 and 25 kg Zn ha-1 with two foliar sprays of 0.5% at heading initiation (5% ear formation) and 100% heading (complete ear formation) stages gave significantly higher average grain and straw yield and Zn concentration in grain than other treatments, including control. Interpretation: Enhanced application of Zn as soil and foliar application ameliorates soil Zn deficiency and increases protein content in grains, which might influence the quality and yield of zero tilled wheat. Key words: Foliar spray, Grain yield, Wheat, Zinc

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Analysis of Magnetic Properties of Nano-Particles Due to a Magnetic Dipole in Micropolar Fluid Flow over a Stretching Sheet

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings10020170 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 170 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Liaqat Ali ◽

Xiaomin Liu ◽

Bagh Ali ◽

Saima Mujeed ◽

Sohaib Abdal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Finite Element ◽

Nusselt Number ◽

Fluid Flow ◽

Differential Equations ◽

Magnetic Dipole ◽

Stretching Sheet ◽

Nano Particles ◽

Boundary Parameter ◽

The Impact

This article explores the impact of a magnetic dipole on the heat transfer phenomena of different nano-particles Fe (ferromagnetic) and Fe3O4 (Ferrimagnetic) dispersed in a base fluid ( 60 % water + 40 % ethylene glycol) on micro-polar fluid flow over a stretching sheet. A magnetic dipole in the presence of the ferrities of nano-particles plays an important role in controlling the thermal and momentum boundary layers. The use of magnetic nano-particles is to control the flow and heat transfer process through an external magnetic field. The governing system of partial differential equations is transformed into a system of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using appropriate similarity variables, and the transformed equations are then solved numerically by using a variational finite element method. The impact of different physical parameters on the velocity, the temperature, the Nusselt number, and the skin friction coefficient is shown. The velocity profile decreases in the order Fe (ferromagnetic fluid) and Fe3O4 (ferrimagnetic fluid). Furthermore, it was observed that the Nusselt number is decreasing with the increasing values of boundary parameter ( δ ) , while there is controversy with respect to the increasing values of radiation parameter ( N ) . Additionally, it was observed that the ferromagnetic case gained maximum thermal conductivity, as compared to ferrimagnetic case. In the end, the convergence of the finite element solution was observed; the calculations were found by reducing the mesh size.

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Preliminary Results Related to the Design of Virtual Probes for Use in a Nano-Manipulation Test-Bed

Design, Synthesis, and Applications ◽

10.1115/nano2005-87100 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Anant Trivedi ◽

J. Cecil

Keyword(s):

Information Model ◽

Enterprise Modeling ◽

Nano Particles ◽

Test Bed ◽

Considerable Saving ◽

Pull Out ◽

Physical Experiments ◽

Information Models ◽

The Impact ◽

Manipulation Process

This paper discusses the design of virtual probe tip models for use in a nano-manipulation research test-bed (NMRT). The proposed NMRT would help study the feasibility of a given manipulation technique in a virtual environment before physical experiments. For example, NMRT would be able to help users determine if a specific kind of probe tip can be used to pull out a nano-particle from a given substrate. A virtual probe tip model (for instance) would consider the given geometry and material of probe tip and simulate its behavior in a manipulation application in a physics based virtual reality environment. Such a virtual analysis and overall approach would result in considerable saving in time and financial resources with substantial application potential in medical and biotechnology fields where nanoparticle manipulation is useful. Expandability of the NMRT is made possible by designing an ‘information oriented’ or ‘information intensive’ model for a target set of nano-manipulation activities, which maps in detail various attributes related to a target nano-manipulation process [1]. In this approach, information models based on “engineering Enterprise Modeling Language” (eEML) are used. For example, consider an existing information model for interaction of a probe tip with a spherical particle; a user can use an existing information model, or modify it quickly to study the impact of two approaches (eg. manipulation strategy-A versus strategy-B, which may apply a different probe-tip for gripping). For a target nano-manipulation process (for example, the assembly of nano particles using an Atomic Force Microscope probe as a gripper), an information model can represent the core attributes influencing the target process; influencing criteria including constraints, information inputs, and physical inputs can be modeled explicitly and used to drive a target analysis or simulation activity.

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Alleviation of Sodicity Stress in Green Gram and Black Gram Using Plant Growth Regulating Substances

International Journal of Environment and Climate Change ◽

10.9734/ijecc/2020/v10i1130271 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 121-126

Author(s):

S. Nithila ◽

R. Amutha ◽

R. Sivakumar

Keyword(s):

Harvest Index ◽

Block Design ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Soil Condition ◽

Green Gram ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Flower Initiation ◽

Black Gram ◽

Sodic Soil ◽

The Impact

Most of the pulses in India are grown in low fertility, problematic soils and unpredictable environmental conditions. Major issues in pulse production are poor establishment and low harvest index. In pulses harvest index is only 15-20%. Physiological manipulations such as spraying of hormones and nutrients that reduce flower drop and thereby facilitate large sink size. The objective of this research is to study the impact of Growth regulating substances on germination and establishment and economic yield of black gram and green gram under Sodic soil conditions. The study area is Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Trichy. The nature of soil is sodicity with exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of 18.94% with pH of 9.02. The two crop varieties green gram VBN (Gg) 2 & black gram VBN (Bg) 6 were employed under sodic soil condition. Field experiment was conducted during late July to October 2017 under sodic soil condition with ten treatments. The experiment was laid out in a Randamized Block Design with three replications. Foliar spray was given at flower initiation and pod initiation stages. Ten treatment combinations were employed by T1: Control, T2: Seed Treatment (ST) with Ammonium Molybdate (AM) 0.05% + foliar spray of ZnSO4 – 0.5%. T3: AM 0.05% + Panchagavya -3.0%, T4: AM 0.05% + foliar spray of KCl -1%, T5: ST with GA3 50 ppm + foliar spray of ZnSO4 – 0.5%, T6: GA3 50 ppm + Panchagavya -3.0%, T7: GA3 50 ppm + KCl -1%, T8: Cowpea Sprout Extract 2% +ZnSO4 – 0.5%, T9: Cowpea Sprout Extract 2% +Panchagavya -3.0%, T10: Cowpea Sprout Extract 2% + foliar spray of KCl -1%. In conclusion the yield enhancement in best treatment may be due to the presence of bioactive substances in sprouted cowpea extracts and panchagavya were found effective towards yield maximization.

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Study the impact of A nanomixture of carbon black and clay on the mechanical properties of A series of irradiated natural rubber/ butyl rubber blend

10.21203/rs.3.rs-314648/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dalal Alshangiti

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Carbon Black ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Theoretical Models ◽

Butyl Rubber ◽

Nano Particles ◽

Vinyl Silane ◽

Link Density ◽

The Impact

Abstract A series of natural rubber/ butyl rubber NR/IIR blend loaded with N660 carbon black CB and triethoxy vinyl silane treated clay nano particles (TCNP) were prepared using gamma irradiation in the presence of polyfunctional monomer, trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA). The effect of incorporating different content of N660 carbon black and 5 part per hundred of rubber (phr) of treated clay on the mechanical properties of the prepared nano composites have been investigated. The additions of TCNP into CB/ rubber composites markedly increase their tensile strength due to the increase of the cross-link density. These results indicated that the TCNP may be enclosed or trapped in the occluded structure of CB. The effect of CB and TCNP content on the tensile strength (σ), elongation at break (εb %) and modulus of elasticity (E, MPa) of natural rubber/ butyl rubber NR/IIR blend have been investigated. The incorporation of 5 phr of TCNP into 30 phr carbon black loaded NR/ IIR composites results in the increased tensile strength value by about 60%. Finally, theoretical models were used to interpret the experimental results.

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Impact of foliar spray of nutrients and seed treatment on protein uptake and protein yield of lathyrus (Lathyrus sativus L.) under relay cropping system

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.15740/has/ijas/17.2/413-415 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 413-415

Author(s):

Mo. Navaz ◽

Anjum Ahmad ◽

Sunil Kumar ◽

G.K. Shrivastava ◽

Veerendra Banjare ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Treatment ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Cropping System ◽

Protein Yield ◽

Lathyrus Sativus ◽

Net Return ◽

Protein Uptake ◽

Relay Cropping ◽

Lathyrus Sativus L ◽

The Impact

An experiment was carried out during the Rabi season of 2016, to study the impact of foliar spray of nutrients and seed treatment on protein uptake and protein yield of lathyrus (Lathyrus sativus L.) Under relay cropping system at the Agronomy Research Farm of IGKV, Raipur.The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design with twelve treatments replicated thrice. highest cost of cultivation, gross return, net return and B:C ratio was found in treatment F5: 0.5% NPK (19:19:19) spray at branching and 15 days after 1st spray (11570.50, 29492.64, 18618.14, 1.712 Rs.ha-1, respectively), where as in case of seed treatment S2: seed treatment with Sodium molybdate @ 0.5 g kg-1 seed gave the maximum cost of cultivation, gross return, net return and B:C ratio (11308.17, 26475.39, 15583.39, 1.431 Rs.ha-1 , respectively).

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Dynamic Processes and Mechanisms Involved in Relaxations of Single-Chain Nano-Particle Melts

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13142316 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 2316

Author(s):

Jon Maiz ◽

Ester Verde-Sesto ◽

Isabel Asenjo-Sanz ◽

Paula Malo de Molina ◽

Bernhard Frick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nano Particles ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Single Chain ◽

Mechanical Spectroscopy ◽

Atomic Displacements ◽

Quasielastic Neutron ◽

Cross Links ◽

Quasielastic Neutron Scattering ◽

Β Relaxation ◽

The Impact

We present a combined study by quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS), dielectric and mechanical spectroscopy, calorimetry and wide-angle X-ray diffraction on single-chain nano-particles (SCNPs), using the corresponding linear precursor chains as reference, to elucidate the impact of internal bonds involving bulky cross-links on the properties of polymer melts. Internal cross-links do not appreciably alter local properties and fast dynamics. This is the case of the average inter-molecular distances, the β-relaxation and the extent of the atomic displacements at timescales faster than some picoseconds. Contrarily, the α-relaxation is slowed down with respect to the linear precursor, as detected by DSC, dielectric spectroscopy and QENS. QENS has also resolved broader response functions and stronger deviations from Gaussian behavior in the SCNPs melt, hinting at additional heterogeneities. The rheological properties are also clearly affected by internal cross-links. We discuss these results together with those previously reported on the deuterated counterpart samples and on SCNPs obtained through a different synthesis route to discern the effect of the nature of the cross-links on the modification of the diverse properties of the melts.

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An Ecological Assessment of Isaria fumosorosea Applications Compared to a Neonicotinoid Treatment for Regulating Invasive Ficus Whitefly

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof5020036 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 36 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Pasco B. Avery ◽

Vivek Kumar ◽

Edward A. Skvarch ◽

Catharine M. Mannion ◽

Charles A. Powell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Natural Enemies ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Ecological Assessment ◽

Isaria Fumosorosea ◽

Whitefly Population ◽

Fungal Entomopathogens ◽

The Impact

A pilot study was conducted on a weeping fig, Ficus benjamina shrub hedge in a Florida urban landscape to determine the efficacy of a fungal biopesticide, PFR-97™ which contains blastospores of Isaria fumosorosea, and a neonicotinoid treatment (Admire Pro™) applied against the invasive ficus whitefly pest, Singhiella simplex (Singh). Post treatment, an ecological assessment of the study was conducted by observing the impact of the fungal biopesticide and neonicotinoid treatment on natural enemies, e.g., predators, parasitoids and enzootic fungal pathogens occurring in the whitefly-infested hedge. Both treatments provided a significant reduction in the whitefly population compared to control and were compatible with the natural enemies present. Various natural enemies including fungal entomopathogens were identified associated with the whitefly population infesting the weeping fig hedge. The parasitoids, Encarsia protransvena Viggiani and Amitus bennetti Viggiani & Evans combined parasitized a similar mean number of whitefly nymphs in both treatments and control; however, the number parasitized decreased over time. Natural enzootic fungi isolated from the ficus whitefly nymphs were I. fumosorosea, Purpureocillium lilacinum and Lecanicillium, Aspergillus and Fusarium species. Results from this pilot study suggest there is much potential for using repeated applications of the fungal biopesticide, PFR-97™ as a foliar spray compared to a neonicitionid as a soil drench for managing S. simplex on Ficus species for ≥28 days.

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The Effect of Compression Ratio on Pollutant Emission of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Nano Diesel

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i4.19.28005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4.19) ◽

pp. 828

Author(s):

Abdulkhodor Kathum Nassir ◽

Haroun A. K. Shahad

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Compression Ratio ◽

Combustion Temperature ◽

Nano Particles ◽

Pollutant Emission ◽

Compression Ignition ◽

Compression Ignition Engine ◽

Co Concentration ◽

Smoke Opacity ◽

The Impact

This studying aims to examine the impact of compression ratio (CR) on the pollutants of a compression ignition engine (CIE) fuelled with Nano-diesel. Nano-particles of Al2O3 and TiO2 are used as additives to diesel fuel with particle size less 45 nm. The impact is tested for 25, 50, 100 and 150 ppm doses. Tests are performed at different loads and a speed of 1500 rpm. Three CR are used namely13.5, 15.5 and 17.5. Results illustrated the affects of CR on the emissions of CO, CO2, NOx, smoke opacity and UHC. Results showed that CO concentration rises with increasing of CR for Al2O3. It is increased by 2.5, 4.9 and 15.3% for the three ratios at 100ppm and 25% load while at full load there is no much effect as a result of high combustion temperature. Negligible effect is noticed for TiO2.The concentration of CO2rises with increasing CR at all dozes but it is very clear with 150ppm and 25% load3.7, 4.1 and 4.8% for Al2O3. The effect of TiO2 is higher than that of Al2O3. The results also, show that NOx concentration is increased and becomes 604, 651 and 698ppm for 13.5, 15.5 and 17.5 respectively for Al2O3 at 25ppm and 25% load. The impact of Al2O3 is more noticeable than that of TiO2.The smoke opacity is slightly affected by CR for Al2O3 and TiO2 at all doses and 25% load. UHC decreases slightly from 79, 75 and 71 ppm for CR of 13.5, 15.5 and 17.5 respectively for Al2O3 at 25ppm and 25% load. UHC decreases from 68, 65 and 61 ppm for CR13.5, 15.5 and 17 respectively for TiO2 at 25ppm and 25% load.

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