scholarly journals Degradation of 17β-estradiol by UV/persulfate in different water samples

Author(s):  
Yunjie Zhu ◽  
Yanan Shao ◽  
Min Wei ◽  
Kefu Yu ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
...  

Abstract Sulfate radical (•SO4−)-based advanced oxidation processes are widely used for wastewater treatment. This study explored the potential use of UV/persulfate (UV/PS) system for the degradation of 17β-estradiol (E2). The pH of the reaction system can affect the degradation rate of E2 by UV/PS and the optimum pH was 7.0; Br− and Cl− in water can promote the degradation rate, HCO3− has an inhibitory effect on the reaction, SO42− and cations (Na+, Mg2+, K+) have no effect on the degradation rate. The degradation of E2 by UV/PS was a mineralization process, with the mineralization rate reaching 90.97% at 8 h. E2 in the UV/PS system was mainly degraded by hydroxylation, deoxygenation, and hydrogenation. E2 reaction sites were mainly located on benzene rings, mainly carbonylation on quinary rings, and bond breakage between C10 and C5 resulted in the removal of benzene rings and carboxyl at C2 and C3 sites. In the presence of halogen ions, halogenated disinfection by-products were not formed in the degradation process of E2 by UV/PS. E2 in the UV/PS system could inhibit the formation of bromate. The results of this study suggest that UV/PS is a safe and reliable method to degrade E2.

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-707 ◽  

<div> <p>Aniline is a harmful substance that pollutes the environment and seriously endangers human health. In the present study five different bacteria were enriched and isolated from the soil around Shiraz refinery (Iran) as aniline degrading bacteria. They were identified as <em>Enterobacter ludwigii </em>KH-5,<em> Raoultella planticola</em> KH-A2<em>, Alcaligenes faecalis</em> KH-A3<em>, Serratia marcescens</em> KH-A4 and<em> Microbacterium barkeri</em> KH-A1 based on 16S rDNA gene sequencing. The highest aniline degradation rate (96%) was observed by <em>E. ludwigii</em> KH-A5. This strain with the greatest amount of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was the most aniline resistant bacterium. The optimum pH and temperature that supported biodegradation of aniline by strain KH-A5 were 7.0 and 28-35 &deg;C, respectively. The maximum growth and biodegradation of aniline by KH-A5 were observed at the initial aniline concentration of 100 mg l<sup>-1</sup>. The strain could growth on aniline up to concentration of 700 mg l<sup>-1</sup> with the degradation rate of 11%. Further studies demonstrated that the addition of 0.5 g l<sup>-1</sup> glucose or potassium nitrate as a second carbon or nitrogen source could slightly enhance the biodegradation efficiency from 96.0% to 99.0%. However, even more addition of glucose or potassium nitrate could not further enhance the biodegradation process but delayed the biodegradation of aniline by the strain KH-A5. It could be concluded that these new strains, particularly<em> E. ludwigii</em> KH-A5, have a potential use for bioremediation of the site contaminated with aniline.</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>


2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 2606-2609
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Cui Cui Li

17β-estradiol(E2) has estrogenic activity at very low concentrations and are emerging as a major concern for water quality. Great endeavors have been done on the removal of E2 in wastewater. This article was mainly researched the isolated of E2 degradation bacteria from activated sludge and its degradation characteristics of the bacteria were also researched. According to its physiological biochemical results analysis, this strain was identified as K.pnem. pneumoniae .This strain can use E2 as sole carbon and energy source for growth. The optimal temperature, pH for the bacterial growth and degradation of E2 was 30°C,7.0, respectively, meanwhile degradation rate reached to 86% and 87%; degradation rate and bacterial growth increased along with E2 concentration increasing, 81% E2 was degraded when E2 concentration is 30mg/L, degradation rate decreased when E2>50mg/L; metal ions such as Fe2+and Zn2+almost have no effect on E2 degradation and bacterial growth; Mn2+can promote growth of strain and degradation, while, metal ions such as Hg2+,Ag+,Cu2+have negative effect on bacterial growth and degradation. The degradation process for E2 with initial concentration of 1mg/L indicated that the degradation rate of E2 by strain within 7days was 98%.


Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aranza Denisse Vital-Grappin ◽  
Maria Camila Ariza-Tarazona ◽  
Valeria Montserrat Luna-Hernández ◽  
Juan Francisco Villarreal-Chiu ◽  
Juan Manuel Hernández-López ◽  
...  

Microplastics (MPs) are distributed in a wide range of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems throughout the planet. They are known to adsorb hazardous substances and can transfer them across the trophic web. To eliminate MPs pollution in an environmentally friendly process, we propose using a photocatalytic process that can easily be implemented in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). As photocatalysis involves the formation of reactive species such as holes (h+), electrons (e−), hydroxyl (OH●), and superoxide ion (O2●−) radicals, it is imperative to determine the role of those species in the degradation process to design an effective photocatalytic system. However, for MPs, this information is limited in the literature. Therefore, we present such reactive species’ role in the degradation of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) MPs using C,N-TiO2. Tert-butanol, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), Tiron, and Cu(NO3)2 were confirmed as adequate OH●, h+, O2●− and e− scavengers. These results revealed for the first time that the formation of free OH● through the pathways involving the photogenerated e− plays an essential role in the MPs’ degradation. Furthermore, the degradation behaviors observed when h+ and O2●− were removed from the reaction system suggest that these species can also perform the initiating step of degradation.


1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1231-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
KUNIO HIWADA ◽  
TATSUO KOKUBU ◽  
YUICHI YAMAMURA

1972 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kokubu ◽  
K. Hiwada ◽  
E. Ueda ◽  
Y. Yamamura

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cintia Anabela Mazzucotelli ◽  
Alejandra Graciela Ponce ◽  
Catalina Elena Kotlar ◽  
María del Rosario Moreira

1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 710-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunhard Pollow ◽  
Barbara Pollow

The microsomal fraction of rat placenta contains a 17β-hydroxysteroid-oxidoreductase which transfers hydrogen from position 17 of estradiol to androstenedione. This hydrogen transfer is dependent on NAD, NADP as cofactor is without effect. The optimum pH is at 6,9. In the presence of NAD the Michaelis constant for estradiol is 4,17 · 10-5м at pH 7,4. In the presence of androstenedione in the incubation medium the Km-value for estradiol is decreased, which indicates an increased affinity for the enzyme. The temperature optimum of the enzyme is 38 °C. Addition of SH-blocking agents inhibited the enzyme activity. Zinc and magnesium ions had an inhibitory effect on the “transhydrogenase” and B-NADPT specifically labelled from [1-T]-glucose showed that the non-effect of NADP on transhydrogenation from estradiol to androstenedione resulting in reduction of position 17 is not due to different stereospecifity.The results show a close relation between the oxidative metabolism of estradiol and the reduction of androstenedione, indicating that estradiol-17β, as the preferred hydrogen-donating substrate, is an essential component of the androstenedione-hydrogenating system in the microsomal fraction of rat placenta.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Earley ◽  
Grainne Lennon ◽  
Desmond Winter ◽  
Calvin Coffey ◽  
Ronan O'Connell

Abstract Butyrate is the primary energy source for colonocytes and is essential for mucosal integrity and repair. Butyrate deficiency as a result of colonic dysbiosis is a putative factor in ulcerative colitis (UC). Commensal microbes are butyrogenic, while others have an inhibitory effect, through hydrogenotropic activity. The aim of this study was to quantify butyrogenic and hydrogenotropic species and determine their relationship with inflammation within the colonic mucus gel layer (MGL).Mucosal brushings were obtained from 20 patients with active colitis (AC), 20 healthy controls (HC) and 14 with quiescent colitis (QUC). Abundance of each species was determined by RT-PCR. Inflammatory scores were available for each patient. Statistical analyses were performed using Mann-Whitney-U and Kruskall-Wallis tests.Butyrogenic R. hominis was more abundant in health than UC (p<0.005). Hydrogenotropic B. wadsworthia was reduced in AC compared to HC and QUC (p<0.005). An inverse correlation existed between inflammation and R. hominis (ρ -0.460, p >0.005) and B. wadsworthia (ρ -0.646, p >0.005). Other hydrogenotropic species did not widely colonise the MGL. These data support a role for butyrogenic and some species of hydrogenotropic bacteria in UC. Butyrate deficiency in UC may be related to reduced microbial production, rather than inhibition by microbial by-products.


Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1238
Author(s):  
Murendeni P. Ravele ◽  
Opeyemi A. Oyewo ◽  
Sam Ramaila ◽  
Lydia Mavuru ◽  
Damian C. Onwudiwe

In this paper, spherical-shaped pure phase djurleite (Cu31S16) and roxbyite (Cu7S4) nanoparticles were prepared by a solvothermal decomposition of copper(II) dithiocarbamate complex in dodecanthiol (DDT). The reaction temperature was used to control the phases of the samples, which were represented as Cu31S16 (120 °C), Cu31S16 (150 °C), Cu7S4 (220 °C), and Cu7S4 (250 °C) and were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), and absorption spectroscopy. The samples were used as photocatalysts for the degradation of tetracycline (TC) under visible light irradiation. The results of the study showed that Cu7S4 (250 °C) exhibited the best activity in the reaction system with the TC degradation rate of up to 99% within 120 min of light exposure, while the Cu31S16 (120 °C) system was only 46.5% at the same reaction condition. In general, roxbyite Cu7S4 (250 °C) could be considered as a potential catalyst for the degradation of TC in solution.


2009 ◽  
Vol 202 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriko Tagawa ◽  
Ryosuke Yuda ◽  
Sayaka Kubota ◽  
Midori Wakabayashi ◽  
Yuko Yamaguchi ◽  
...  

17β-Estradiol (E2) serves as an anti-obesity steroid; however, the mechanism underlying this effect has not been fully clarified. The effect of E2 on adipocytes opposes that of glucocorticoids, which potentiate adipogenesis and anabolic lipid metabolism. The key to the intracellular activation of glucocorticoid in adipocytes is 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), which catalyses the production of active glucocorticoids (cortisol in humans and corticosterone in rodents) from inactive 11-keto steroids (cortisone in humans and 11-dehydrocorticosterone in rodents). Using differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, we showed that E2 inhibited 11β-HSD1 activity. Estrogen receptor (ER) antagonists, ICI-182 780 and tamoxifen, failed to reverse this inhibition. A significant inhibitory effect of E2 on 11β-HSD1 activity was observed within 5–10 min. Furthermore, acetylation or α-epimerization of 17-hydroxy group of E2 attenuated the inhibitory effect on 11β-HSD1. These results indicate that the inhibition of 11β-HSD1 by E2 depends on neither an ER-dependent route, transcriptional pathway nor non-specific fashion. Hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which provides the cofactor NADPH for full activation of 11β-HSD1, was unaffected by E2. A kinetic study revealed that E2 acted as a non-competitive inhibitor of 11β-HSD1. The inhibitory effect of E2 on 11β-HSD1 was reproduced in adipocytes isolated from rat mesenteric fat depots. This is the first demonstration that E2 inhibits 11β-HSD1, thereby providing a novel insight into the anti-obesity mechanism of estrogen.


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