scholarly journals Develop an integrating coagulation and RO systems to treat highly turbid water using synthesized coagulants

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogendra Singh Solanki ◽  
Madhu Agarwal ◽  
A. B. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Saturation Index ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Turbid Water ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Feed Pressure ◽  
Coagulation Performance ◽  
Langelier Saturation Index ◽  
Ro Membrane ◽  
Ph Range

Abstract In the present study coagulation process was used as pretreatment for the RO membrane with turbid raw water collected from Bisalpur Dam, Rajasthan, India. To optimize coagulation performance, three kinds of coagulants, namely, Alum (commercially available), synthesized inorganic polymeric coagulant-medium basicity (IPC-M), and inorganic polymeric coagulant-ultra high basicity (IPC-UH) were examined for turbidity removal with varying operating parameters. It was observed that in the optimum pH range of 6–7, the IPC-UH resulted as the best performing coagulant with 0.99 mg/L equivalent Al2O3 dose revealing 2 NTU residual turbidity and residual aluminium of 0.001 mg/L. Moreover, Langelier saturation index and Ryznar stability index values were evaluated at optimum conditions of all the three coagulants proclaiming negligible scaling potential. Furthermore, the coagulant-treated water (100 L) was fed to the RO membrane, and the performance was noted in terms of flux, pressure, and TDS. It was observed that IPC-UH has the lowest reduction in permeate flux of 0.78 L/min/m2 compared to commercially available coagulant alum (0.90 L/min/m2). Also, the increased feed pressure was observed for all the coagulants treated water with the lowest value of 2.3 kg/cm2 for IPC-UH, which was 2.5 kg/cm2 for Alum (commercially available coagulant). Henceforth, integration of coagulation before the RO system resulted in effective pretreatment of turbid water with very minute scaling.

The influence of aeration on the change in corrosiveness and aggressiveness of groundwater

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Siwiec ◽  
Magdalena M. Michel ◽  
Lidia Reczek ◽  
Piotr Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Water Stability ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Aeration Time ◽  
Langelier Saturation Index

A high concentration of aggressive carbon dioxide disturbs many technological processes in water treatment. It also causes the development of corrosion in steel and concrete. De-acidification of groundwater by means of air bubbles alters pH and the concentration of aggressive carbon dioxide. This was investigated for the variables of air flow (Q = 20–50 L h−1) and height of water layer (H = 25–75 cm) as well as aeration time (t = 0–20 min). The obtained three-parameter models showed good correlation with the experimental results, except in a few cases where r2 was bigger than 0.9. Furthermore, they allow for prediction of an increase of pH and a decrease in concentration of aggressive carbon dioxide in aerated water. The effectiveness of de-acidification of groundwater was evaluated using indices of water stability (Langelier Saturation Index, Precipitation Index, Ryznar Stability Index, Aggressiveness Index and Index of Aggressiveness). Although as a result of aeration an increase of pH over 7 was observed, the non-corrosive values of the indices were not reached. This was due to a very low alkalinity of water, which was 0.7 meq L−1.

Influence of the polyacrylonitrile proportion on the fabricated UF blend membranes’ performance for humic acid removal

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heba Abdallah ◽  
Tarek S. Jamil ◽  
A.M. Shaban ◽  
Eman S. Mansor ◽  
Eglal R. Souaya
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Polymer Mixture ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Pore Former ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Feed Pressure ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements ◽  
Blend Membranes

Abstract Asymmetric blend membranes of polyethersulfone (PES)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were prepared and developed for ultrafiltration applications. The membranes were prepared by dissolving two polymers in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent with diethylene glycol (DEG) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as non-solvent and pore former, respectively. The produced membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and the hydrophilicity of membranes was tested by contact angle measurements. The performance of prepared membranes was carried out by an ultrafiltration testing unit, where the efficiency of membranes was determined according to the humic acid separation and treated water permeate flux. The results indicated that using 1 wt.% of PAN in polymer mixture provided a blending membrane with high mechanical properties and high performance; the humic acid rejection reached 92.47% with treated water permeate flux 70 l/m2·h at feed pressure 6 bar.

scholarly journals Calcium Carbonate Scale Formation, Prediction and Treatment (Case Study Gumry Oilfield-PDOC)

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Saifelnasr ◽  
M. Bakheit ◽  
K. Kamal ◽  
A. Lila
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Scale Formation ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Langelier Saturation Index ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Scale

In this study the predictions and probabilities of calcium carbonate scale formation and corrosion occurrence inside Gumry Field Process Facilities (GFPF) and produced water injection process units (PWTP) was carried out. This was done calculating the Langelier Saturation Index (LSI), Ryznar Stability Index (RSI), Puckorius Scaling Index (PSI). The samples results for LSI index and PSI index were compared and found that all samples under threaten of calcium carbonate scale. The samples results for RSI index and found that all samples under formation of heavy calcium carbonate scale. Special excel computer program was designed to calculate the (LSI, RSI, PSI). The scale was cleaned and removed by 10% diluted hydrochloric acid and commercial scale inhibitor.

scholarly journals Water quality assessment of a tropical river using water quality index (WQI), multivariate statistical techniques and GIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjoy Shil ◽  
Umesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Pankaj Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Langelier Saturation Index

Abstract Mahananda River is an important river in India and Bangladesh, as the people of both the countries use the water extensively, without sufficient and reliable information about water qualities and pollution status. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the water quality of the river and to analyse the suitability for drinking, agricultural and industrial uses. This is why this study on the Mahananda River is extremely important for the region. For this study, samples from fourteen sampling stations were collected in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons in 2016 and water quality index (WQI), agriculture and industry-related indices were computed. WQI values designated two sampling stations out of fourteen sampling stations as ‘very bad’ category and another two sampling stations as ‘bad’ category. The pH values of some sampling stations slightly exceeded the upper permissible limit. USSL diagram analysis classified two samples of pre-monsoon season in C2S1 category which indicates a medium salinity and low sodium water. Magnesium hazard values of four sampling stations are above 50% suggesting not suitable for irrigation. However, some indices like sodium per cent, residual sodium carbonate and residual sodium bicarbonate, Kelly’s index, permeability index and potential salinity allow the water for use in irrigation purposes. Langelier Saturation Index and aggressive index values designate the water as moderately aggressive or non-aggressive. Ryznar Stability Index values designate the water as ‘aggressive’ or ‘very aggressive’ indicating unsuitability for industrial uses. Sampling stations S-1, S-2, S-8 and S-14 need special attention.

scholarly journals Experiments on Water Stabilization

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Iwona Skoczko ◽  
Ewa Szatyłowicz
Keyword(s):  
Saturation Index ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Industrial Water ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Water Effects ◽  
Langelier Saturation Index ◽  
Water Stabilization

The aim of the study was assessment of groundwater stabilization. Corrosive water effects on metals include complex electrochemical and biochemical processes. None of the water components remain indifferent to the metal and can accelerate or delay its corrosion. On the basis of the conducted tests of water samples, the aggressiveness and corrosivity indicators were calculated. Conducted research included analyses of raw and treated water. Raw water was taken as groundwater. Then it was treated in individual and complex processes such as aeration, filtration and ion exchange. Water aggressiveness and corrosion level were introduced by the Langelier Saturation Index (LSI), the Ryznar Stability Index (RI), the Larsoni–Skold Index (LI) and the Singley Index (SI). Obtained results proved that used water treatment processes must be improved through additional aeration and filtration with a dolomite bed. A simple system typical for industrial water is not enough to reach stable water because of remaining aggressiveness and corrosion.

scholarly journals Assessment of Corrosion Properties of Selected Mineral Waters

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 571
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Pietrucha-Urbanik ◽  
Dominika Skowrońska ◽  
Dorota Papciak
Keyword(s):  
Saturation Index ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Official Journal ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Langelier Saturation Index ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents an analysis of natural mineral waters recognized by EU member states (on the basis of being announced in the Official Journal of the European Union) and originating in Polish territory. For each of these waters, calculations were made in relation to the Langelier saturation index, Ryznar stability index, and indices S1 (effect of chloride and sulfate ions on iron and steel), S2 (effect of nitrate ions on zinc), and S3 (effect of bicarbonate/sulfate ratio on copper). The impact of mineral waters on copper, hot-dip galvanized iron, stainless steel, acid-resistant steel, cast iron, low-alloy steel, and nonalloy steel was assessed on the basis of the indices calculated. The analysis allowed determination of the possibility of these measures being used in assessing the performance of mineral water installations.

scholarly journals Comparison of indices for scaling and corrosion tendency of groundwater: Case study of unconfined aquifer from Mahoba District, U.P. State

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tejas. Y. Mankikar
Keyword(s):  
Galvanic Corrosion ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Unconfined Aquifer ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Langelier Saturation Index ◽  
Materials Used

AbstractThis paper is an attempt to utilize the various indices available to assess the degree of corrosivity and calcite formation of groundwater sampled from Indian Mk. II handpumps from the district of Mahoba in Uttar Pradesh. The indices used include Langelier Saturation Index, Ryznar Stability Index, Puckorius Scaling Index, Larson-Skold Index, and Potential to Promote Galvanic Corrosion. Corrosivity of groundwater would cause materials used in construction of pipes to leach into drinking water since the same is used for household activities and drinking purposes. Calcite formation would affect the amount of exertion used to manually pump out required quantity of groundwater from the aquifer as it reduces the convey potential of pipes. One hundred five groundwater samples were collected from Indian Mk. II handpumps tapping shallow aquifer (up to 35mbgl) from different locations that were used by locals for analysis of basic parameters like pH, TDS, EC, ions like calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, carbonate, bicarbonate, sulphate, etc. Overall, majority of the groundwater samples display tendency to deposit calcium carbonate within the pipes, chlorides and sulphates not interfering with natural film formation in pipes and possibility of galvanic corrosion, whereas minority of the samples indicate the alternate scenario.

Groundwater quality and its suitability for different uses in lower Djendjen Watershed, Northest Algeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 179-185
Author(s):  
Faouzi Zahi ◽  
Fethi Medjani ◽  
Mohamed Djidel ◽  
Abdelmalek Drouiche
Keyword(s):  
Major Ions ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
North East ◽  
Langelier Saturation Index ◽  
Industrial Needs

Groundwater is a vital resource in coastal areas to supply domestic, drinking, irrigation and industrial needs. To study the hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater and their suitability, Thirty-one (31) groundwater samples were collected from the shallow tubewells in the plain of the Djendjen river (North-East of Algeria). The water quality assessment has been carried out by evaluating the physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, EC, major ions i.e., Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl-, SO42-, HCO3- and nutrients (NH4+, NO2-, NO3-, PO43-). The chemical parameters plotted in Piper’s diagram show the dominance of two chemical facies “calcium and sodium chloride” and “calcium bicarbonate”. Based on the analytical results, groundwater in the area is found to be generally suitable for drinking. The organic pollution index (OPI) show that the water is generally in the good quality category with no organic pollution. Chemical parameters when plotted in the U.S. Salinity diagram indicate that waters are C2S1 and C3S1 types, i.e., medium to high salinity and low sodium which is good for irrigation. Four corrosion indices were calculated (The indices include the Langelier saturation index, Ryznar stability index, Puckorius scaling index, Larson). The result indicates the corrosive nature of the majority of water samples.

scholarly journals Scaling and Corrosion Potential in Drinking Water Distribution Systems of Meshginshahr City, Iran Using Langelier Saturation Index and Ryznar Stability Index

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-208
Author(s):  
Kamal Hasani ◽  
◽  
Hadi Sadeghi ◽  
Abdollah Dargahi ◽  
Mehdi Vosoughi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution System ◽  
Scaling Potential ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
Langelier Saturation Index

Background: Corrosion and scaling are major problems in the drinking water facilities causing problems such as water loss, recued life of facilities, pipe punctures, clogging of pipes, and pressure loss in drinking water distribution system. This study aims to determine the corrosion and scaling potential in drinking water distribution system of Meshginshahr, Ardebil, Iran. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted during the two seasons (summer and winter) in 2019. A total of 20 water samples, which were obtained by averaging 100 samples, were analyzed to determine the corrosion and scaling potential using Langelier Saturation Index and Ryznar Stability Index. Results: The results showed that the annual average of LSI and RSI were -1.34 and 10.03, respectively, indicating that the drinking water of Meshginshahr was corrosive and scale-forming. Conclusion: Therefore, it is necessary to constantly evaluate the drinking water supply resources of this city and try to adjust the pH of water and control other factors affecting corrosion, including concentrations of chloride, dissolved oxygen, and sulfate.

Topology Optimization of Spacers for Maximizing Permeate Flux on Membrane Surface in Reverse Osmosis Channel

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungjae Oh ◽  
Semyung Wang ◽  
Minkyu Park ◽  
Joonha Kim
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Membrane Channel ◽  
Initial Attempt ◽  
Membrane Surfaces ◽  
Ro Membrane

The objective of this study is to design spacers using fluid topology optimization in 2D crossflow Reverse Osmosis (RO) membrane channel to improve the performance of RO processes. This study is an initial attempt to apply topology optimization to designing spacers in RO membrane channel. The performance was evaluated by the quantity of permeate flux penetrating both upper and lower membrane surfaces. A coupled Navier-Stokes and Convection-Diffusion model was employed to calculate the permeate flux. To get reliable solutions, stabilization methods were employed with standard finite element method. The nine reference models which consist of the combination of circle, rectangular, triangle shape and zigzag, cavity, submerge configuration of spacers were simulated. Such models were compared with new model designed by topology optimization. The permeate flux at both membrane surfaces was determined as an objective function. In addition, permissible pressure drop along the channel and spacer volume were used as constraints. As a result of topology optimization as the permissible pressure drop changes in channel, characteristics of spacer design development was founded. Spacer design based on topology optimization was reconstructed to a simple one considering manufactuability and characteristics of development spacer design. When a simplified design was compared with previous 9 models, new design has a better performance in terms of permeate flux and wall concentration at membrane surface.

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