Nanoparticles mediated target-specific drug delivery in prostate cancer: In-depth review

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarun Kumar Upadhyay ◽  
Mohammed Irfan Ali ◽  
Fahad Khan ◽  
Harsh Goel ◽  
Manas Mathur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tumor Imaging ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Normal Tissues

: Nanotechnology has been extensively exploited for its enormous therapeutics and diagnostics potential in the management of multiple disorders. It employs nanomaterials as drug carriers with enhanced efficacy and limited side effects on normal tissues. A lot of nanomaterials have been studied and produced, imminently reforming the treatment and diagnostics of numerous malignancies including cancer. The purpose of the present study is to explore the role of nanotechnology-based devices/therapies that have a vital function in the therapeutics and diagnostics of cancer with potential impact at three levels: early detection, tumor imaging, and drug delivery methods. Concentrating on cancer, promising nanotechnology-based approaches have been planned to satisfy the need for targeted specificity of traditional agents of chemotherapeutics, in addition to early recognition of malignant and precancerous lesions. Prostate cancer is the fifth utmost well-known cancer worldwide and the second most usually detected cancer in men. Therefore, there is a crucial need to improve therapeutic prospects for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer via exploitation of the potential of nanomaterials for cell-targeted specificity and improved primary diagnosis of precancerous tumours. The present review, therefore, focuses on summarizing all prospective applications of nanotechnology in the prognosis and diagnosis of prostate cancer, which would further help researchers to elucidate a more potent therapeutic approach for the better management of prostate cancer in the days ahead.

scholarly journals Role of Liposomes Composite as Drug Transport Mechanism

2021 ◽  
pp. 230-243
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Lipid Bilayers ◽  
Transport Mechanism ◽  
Drug Transport ◽  
Phospholipid Bilayer ◽  
Drug Transporter ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Novel Drug

Liposomes are spherical shaped vesicles comprising of at least one phospholipid bilayer that serve as a novel drug delivery framework. They are microscopic structures in which a fluid system is totally encased by a film made out of lipid bilayers. It varies in size, conformation, charge and drug transporter stacked with assortment of particles, for example, small molecules of drug, plasmids, nucleotides or proteins and so on. Ongoing advances in nanotherapeutics have brought about engineered liposomes rising in nanomedicine, giving better restorative control of diseased states. This has made ready for the improvement of second-stage liposomes for increased efficiency and could at last lead to a change in perspective from the regular drug delivery methods.

scholarly journals Targeting microRNAs as a Therapeutic Strategy to Reduce Oxidative Stress in Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 6358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Emanuela Grieco ◽  
Noemi Brusco ◽  
Giada Licata ◽  
Laura Nigi ◽  
Caterina Formichi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Single Cell Type ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycaemia ◽  
Target Effects

Diabetes mellitus is a group of heterogeneous metabolic disorders characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia as a consequence of pancreatic β cell loss and/or dysfunction, also caused by oxidative stress. The molecular mechanisms involved inβ cell dysfunction and in response to oxidative stress are also regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are a class of negative gene regulators, which modulate pathologic mechanisms occurring in diabetes and its complications. Although several pharmacological therapies specifically targeting miRNAs have already been developed and brought to the clinic, most previous miRNA-based drug delivery methods were unable to target a specific miRNA in a single cell type or tissue, leading to important off-target effects. In order to overcome these issues, aptamers and nanoparticles have been described as non-cytotoxic vehicles for miRNA-based drug delivery. These approaches could represent an innovative way to specifically target and modulate miRNAs involved in oxidative stress in diabetes and its complications. Therefore, the aims of this review are: (i) to report the role of miRNAs involved in oxidative stress in diabetes as promising therapeutic targets; (ii) to shed light onto the new delivery strategies developed to modulate the expression of miRNAs in diseases.

scholarly journals KIF15 is An Oncogene of Prostate Cancer and is A Key Prognostic Factor in Patients with Prostate Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Li ◽  
Jing Hao ◽  
Jin-Xiu Liu ◽  
Peng-Fei Wang ◽  
Chao-Fei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Metastatic Potential ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Kinesin Superfamily

Abstract Background KIF15, a member of kinesin superfamily proteins, has been found that play a of vital role in the carcinogenesis of various malignant tumor. But whether KIF15 can facilitate the evolution of prostate cancer (PCa) is still unknown. This study aims to explore its biological function in PCa cells and its relevance to prognosis and clinical features in PCa patients. Material and Methods KIF15 expression at mRNA and protein level in tumor and normal tissues was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Then the correlations between KIF15 expression and PCa patients’ clinical characteristics was analyzed. After inhibiting the expression of KIF15 by shRNA, the role of KIF15 on proliferative capacity of PCa was evaluated by using MTT assay. The function of KIF15 on metastatic potential of PCa was determined by using transwell assay. The prognostic value of KIF15 was determined by using bioinformatics analysis. Results Compared with normal tissues, KIF15 was overexpressed in PCa tissues. After knocking down KIF15 in C4-2 and Lncap cell lines, the proliferation (P < 0.001) and invasion (P < 0.001) capabilities of tumor cells are significantly reduced compared to the shCON group. The proliferation marker Ki67 and the metastasis-related marker MMP9 were also significantly reduced in two cell lines after silencing KIF15. Except that, increased KIF15 in tumor tissue is associated with clinical stage (P = 0.004), seminal vesicle invasion (P = 0.02), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.03), and poor disease-free survival (P < 0.05) in PCa patients. Conclusions The results proved that KIF15 might served as a prognostic factor and therapeutic target in prostate cancer, and play as a vital regulatory factor in tumorigenesis and cancer development of prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Escherichiacoli Nissle 1917 as a Novel Microrobot for Tumor-Targeted Imaging and Therapy

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1226
Author(s):  
Qingyao Liu ◽  
Yongkang Gai ◽  
Yaqi Chen ◽  
Xiaoli Lan ◽  
Dawei Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Tumor Imaging ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Hypoxic Area ◽  
Tumor Selectivity ◽  
Survival And Reproduction

Highly efficient drug delivery systems with excellent tumor selectivity and minimal toxicity to normal tissues remain challenging for tumor treatment. Although great effort has been made to prolong the blood circulation and improve the delivery efficiency to tumor sites, nanomedicines are rarely approved for clinical application. Bacteria have the inherent properties of homing to solid tumors, presenting themselves as promising drug delivery systems. Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is a commonly used probiotic in clinical practice. Its facultative anaerobic property drives it to selectively colonize in the hypoxic area of the tumor for survival and reproduction. EcN can be engineered as a bacteria-based microrobot for molecular imaging, drug delivery, and gene delivery. This review summarizes the progress in EcN-mediated tumor imaging and therapy and discusses the prospects and challenges for its clinical application. EcN provides a new idea as a delivery vehicle and will be a powerful weapon against cancer.

The Role of αvβ6 Integrin Binding Molecules in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (21) ◽  
pp. 2393-2411
Author(s):  
Mauricio Urquiza ◽  
Valentina Guevara ◽  
Erika Diaz-Sana ◽  
Felipe Mora
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Imaging ◽  
Intraoperative Imaging ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Tumor Detection ◽  
Binding Peptide ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Binding Peptides ◽  
Αvβ6 Integrin

Peptidic and non-peptidic αvβ6 integrin-binding molecules have been used in the clinic for detection and treatment of tumors expressing αvβ6 integrin, because this protein is expressed in malignant epithelial cells of the oral cavity, pancreas, breast, ovary, colon and stomach carcinomas but it is not expressed in healthy adult tissue except during wound healing and inflammation. This review focuses on the landscape of αvβ6 integrinbinding molecules and their use in cancer treatment and detection, and discusses recent designs for tumor detection, treatment, and immunotherapy. In the last ten years, several reviews about the αvβ6 integrin have been published but no one assessed the landscape of the αvβ6 integrin-binding molecules and their role in cancer detection and treatment. Firstly, this review describes the role of the αvβ6 integrin in normal tissues, how the expression of this protein is correlated with cancer severity and its role in cancer development. Taking into account the potential of αvβ6 integrin-binding molecules in detection and treatment of specific tumors, special attention is given to several high-affinity αvβ6 integrin-binding peptides used for tumor imaging; particularly, the αvβ6-binding peptide NAVPNLRGDLQVLAQKVART [A20FMDV2], derived from the foot and mouth disease virus. This peptide labeled with either 18F, 111In or with 68Ga has been used for PET imaging of αvβ6 integrin-positive tumors. Moreover, αvβ6 integrin-binding peptides have been used for photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging and could potentially be used in clinical application in cancer diagnosis and intraoperative imaging of αvβ6-integrin positive tumors. Additionally, non-peptidic αvβ6-binding molecules have been designed and used in the clinic for the detection and treatment of αvβ6-expressing tumors. Anti-αvβ6 integrin antibodies are another useful tool for selective identification and treatment of αvβ6 (+) tumors. The utility of these αvβ6 integrin-binding molecules as a tool for tumor detection and treatment is discussed, considering specificity, sensitivity and serum stability. Another use of the αvβ6 integrin-binding peptides is to modify the Ad5 cell tropism for inducing oncolytic activity of αvβ6-integrin positive tumor cells by expressing A20FMDV2 peptide within the fiber knob protein (Ad5NULL-A20). The newly designed oncolytic Ad5NULL-A20 virotherapy is promising for local and systemic targeting of αvβ6-overexpressing cancers. Finally, new evidence has emerged, indicating that chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) containing the αvβ6 integrin- binding peptide on top of CD28+CD3 endodomain displays a potent therapeutic activity in a diverse repertoire of solid tumor models.

Role of size of drug delivery carriers for pulmonary and intravenous administration with emphasis on cancer therapeutics and lung-targeted drug delivery

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (62) ◽  
pp. 32673-32689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chetna Dhand ◽  
Molamma P. Prabhakaran ◽  
Roger W. Beuerman ◽  
R. Lakshminarayanan ◽  
Neeraj Dwivedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Targeted Drug

The design of a drug delivery system and the fabrication of efficient, successful, and targeted drug carriers are two separate issues that require slightly different design parameters.

Role of Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy

2022 ◽  
pp. 363-388
Author(s):  
Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta ◽  
Ayesha Kanwal ◽  
Ambreen Ashar ◽  
Moazam Ali ◽  
Ashar Mahfooz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Anticancer Drug Delivery ◽  
Scientific Fields

The rapid growth of nanotechnology towards the development of nanomedicines has improved cancer treatment. Nanomedicine provides the opportunity to implement complex and targeted multifunctional strategies. Today, nanoparticles (NPs) have many uses in a number of scientific fields. In recent years, it has been repeatedly reported that NPs hold a significant place in the regulation of modern medicine by implementing a varying number of clinical approaches like drug carrying substances, genetic material delivery to tumors, as well as in radiography as a contrast media agent. Various nanomaterials based on organic, inorganic, lipid or glycan compounds, and synthetic polymers have been used to develop and improve new cancer treatments. In this chapter, the authors discussed the role of NPs in cancer treatment among various anticancer drug delivery methods.

scholarly journals Role of the Phospholipase A2 Receptor in Liposome Drug Delivery in Prostate Cancer Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 3443-3451 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. Quach ◽  
J. N. Mock ◽  
N. E. Scholpa ◽  
M. W. Eggert ◽  
C. Payré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Prostate Cancer Cells ◽  
Phospholipase A2 Receptor

scholarly journals miR-1272 Exerts Tumor-Suppressive Functions in Prostate Cancer via HIP1 Suppression

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 435
Author(s):  
Federica Rotundo ◽  
Denis Cominetti ◽  
Rihan El Bezawy ◽  
Stefano Percio ◽  
Valentina Doldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Membrane Turnover ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Treat Prostate Cancer

The development of novel therapies or the improvement of currently used approaches to treat prostate cancer (PCa), the most frequently diagnosed male tumor in developed countries, is an urgent need. In this regard, the functional characterization of microRNAs, molecules shown to regulate a number of cancer-related pathways, is instrumental to their possible clinical exploitation. Here, we demonstrate the tumor-suppressive role of the so far uncharacterized miR-1272, which we found to be significantly down-modulated in PCa clinical specimens compared to normal tissues. Through a gain-of-function approach using miRNA mimics, we showed that miR-1272 supplementation in two PCa cell models (DU145 and 22Rv1) reverted the mesenchymal phenotype by affecting migratory and invasive properties, and reduced cell growth in vitro and in vivo in SCID mice. Additionally, by targeting HIP1 encoding the endocytic protein HIP1, miR-1272 balanced EGFR membrane turnover, thus affecting the downstream AKT/ERK pathways, and, ultimately, increasing PCa cell response to ionizing radiation. Overall, our results show that miR-1272 reconstitution can affect several tumor traits, thus suggesting this approach as a potential novel therapeutic strategy to be pursued for PCa, with the multiple aim of reducing tumor growth, enhancing response to radiotherapy and limiting metastatic dissemination.

scholarly journals Drug Delivery Systems, CNS Protection, and the Blood Brain Barrier

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Kant Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Deep Tissue ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives ◽  
Pharmaceutical Agents ◽  
Chimeric Peptides

Present review highlights various drug delivery systems used for delivery of pharmaceutical agents mainly antibiotics, antineoplastic agents, neuropeptides, and other therapeutic substances through the endothelial capillaries (BBB) for CNS therapeutics. In addition, the use of ultrasound in delivery of therapeutic agents/biomolecules such as proline rich peptides, prodrugs, radiopharmaceuticals, proteins, immunoglobulins, and chimeric peptides to the target sites in deep tissue locations inside tumor sites of brain has been explained. In addition, therapeutic applications of various types of nanoparticles such as chitosan based nanomers, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes, niosomes, beta cyclodextrin carriers, cholesterol mediated cationic solid lipid nanoparticles, colloidal drug carriers, liposomes, and micelles have been discussed with their recent advancements. Emphasis has been given on the need of physiological and therapeutic optimization of existing drug delivery methods and their carriers to deliver therapeutic amount of drug into the brain for treatment of various neurological diseases and disorders. Further, strong recommendations are being made to develop nanosized drug carriers/vehicles and noninvasive therapeutic alternatives of conventional methods for better therapeutics of CNS related diseases. Hence, there is an urgent need to design nontoxic biocompatible drugs and develop noninvasive delivery methods to check posttreatment clinical fatalities in neuropatients which occur due to existing highly toxic invasive drugs and treatment methods.

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