Identifying underlying issues related to the inactive excipients of transfersomes based drug delivery system

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drashti Patel ◽  
Bappaditya Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Systemic Availability ◽  
Drug Penetration ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Variable Effect ◽  
Practical Factors ◽  
Edge Activator

: Transfersomes are bilayer vesicles composed of phospholipid and edge-activators, which are mostly surfactant. Transfersomes based drug delivery system has gained a lot of interest of the pharmaceutical researchers for their ability to improve drug penetration and permeation through the skin. Transdermal drug delivery via transfersomes has the potential to overcome the challenge of low systemic availability. However, this complex vesicular system has different issues to consider for developing a successful transdermal delivery system. One of the major ingredients, phospholipid has versatile sources and variable effect on the vesicle size and drug entrapment in transfersomes. The other one termed as edge-activator or surfactant has some crucial consideration of skin damage and toxicity depending upon its type and concentration. A complex interaction between type and concentration of phospholipid and surfactant was observed, which affect the physicochemical properties of transfersomes. This review focuses on the practical factors related to these two major ingredients such as phospholipid and surfactant. The origin, purity, desired concentration, the susceptibility of degradation, etc. are the important factors for selecting phospholipid. Regarding surfactants, the major aspects are type and desired concentration. A successful development of transfersomes based drug delivery system depends on the proper considerations of these factors and practical aspects.

A TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM CONTAINING DEFERIOXAMINE MESYLATE FOR THE TREATMENT OF BETA-THALASSAEMIA MAJOR

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Chin-Hsiung Hsieh ◽  
Yuan-An Ku ◽  
Lien-Hua Chiu ◽  
Tai-Horng Young ◽  
Yi-You Huang
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Polysorbate 80 ◽  
Thalassaemia Major ◽  
Pressure Sensitive Adhesives ◽  
Pressure Sensitive

Patients with beta-thalassaemia major need blood transfusion frequently during their whole life. However, frequent transfusions will eventually lead to the accumulation of trivalent iron, resulting in iron overload. To reduce iron overload, patients are administered regularly with intravenous or subcutaneous infusion of deferioxamine mesylate (DFO). Nevertheless, high costs of medication, poor patient compliance, and side effects limit its use and patient's acceptance. To overcome such drawbacks, we developed a novel transdermal delivery system to administer the DFO instead of traditional injections. We assayed the feasibility of fabricating a transdermal DFO patch using the single-layer drug-in-adhesive drug delivery system. We used the pressure-sensitive adhesives and hydrogels as the drug reservoirs and studied the release profile of DFO from the transdermal patches in vitro. In order to enhance the transdermal delivery rate, chemical enhancers, polysorbate 80 and oleic acid, and physical enhancer, ultrasound, were incorporated into the monolith DFO patches. Experimental results showed that the combination of polysorbate 80 and oleic acid in the pressure-sensitive adhesives enhanced the penetration efficiency through nude mice skin. The pretreatment of nude mice skin with ultrasound temporally changed the diffusional resistance and facilitated DFO penetration through the skin. We expect that the new delivery system can enable the drug to penetrate through skin at a stable rate and reach the circulation system successfully, thus allowing the concentration of drug to achieve the therapeutic effect.

scholarly journals Formulation, Characterization, and Herbal Drug Delivery Applications of Ethosome, Transfersome, and Transethosome

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luthfia Azzahra ◽  
Soraya Ratnawulan Mita ◽  
Sriwidodo Sriwidodo
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Skin Layer ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery System ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Edge Activator

Herbal compounds have different physicochemical properties. Its use on the oral route often has low biological availability. Therefore, alternative transdermal routes are used through the skin. The stratum corneum skin layer is the most difficult layer to penetrate. Therefore it is necessary to use a drug delivery system such as ethosome, transfersome or transethosome to increase transdermal drug delivery. This review article aims to look at the potential of ethosome, transfersome, and transethosome in increasing their ability to deliver herbal drugs in terms of their formulation and characterization. Literature searches were performed using online search engines namely NCBI and Google Scholar with the keywords ‘Transdermal Drug Delivery System’, 'Ethosome', 'Transfersome', and 'Transethosome'. The result showed compositions of ethosomes are phospholipids, water, and ethanol. The composition of transfersome is phospholipid, water, and edge activator. Transethosomes are a combination of phospholipids, water, ethanol, and edge activators. The role of ethanol and edge activator is thought to increase skin permeation. Transdermal drug delivery systems can be used on herbal drugs to increase transdermal drug delivery.Keywords: Transdermal, Ethosome, Transfersome, Transethosome, Herbal.

Bifunctional Self‐Powered Drug Delivery System to Promote the Release and Transdermal Delivery of Polar Molecules

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (14) ◽  
pp. 3322-3330
Author(s):  
Zequn Ma ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Yihe Zhang ◽  
Qi An ◽  
Hong Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Polar Molecules ◽  
Self Powered

scholarly journals An updated review on transdermal drug delivery systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audumbar Digambar Mali ◽  
Ritesh Bathe ◽  
Manojkumar Patil
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery System ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Novel Drug

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), also known as patches, are dosage forms designed to deliver a therapeutically effective amount of drug across a patients skin. In order to deliver therapeutic agents through the human skin for systemic effects, the comprehensive morphological, biophysical and physicochemical properties of the skin are to be considered. Transdermal delivery provides a leading edge over injectables and oral routes by increasing patient compliance and avoiding first pass metabolism respectively. Transdermal delivery not only provides controlled, constant administration of the drug, but also allows continuous input of drugs with short biological half-lives and eliminates pulsed entry into systemic circulation, which often causes undesirable side effects. The TDDS review articles provide valuable information regarding the transdermal drug delivery systems and its evaluation process details as a ready reference for the research scientist who is involved in TDDS. With the advancement in technology Pharma industries have trendified all its resources. Earlier we use convectional dosage form but now we use novel drug delivery system. One of greatest innovation of novel drug delivery is transdermal patch. The advantage of transdermal drug delivery system is that it is painless technique of administration of drugs.

scholarly journals A NARRATIVE REVIEW ON TRANSFERSOMES: VESICULAR TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR ENHANCED DRUG PERMEATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Syeda Jabeen Unnisa ◽  
Swarupa Arvapalli ◽  
B Karunakar ◽  
PS Rishika Reddy ◽  
A Vaishnavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Drug Transport ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery System ◽  
Transdermal Delivery System ◽  
Pass Through

Transdermal administration of drug is generally limited by the barrier function of the skin vascular system are one of the most controversial method for transdermal delivery of active substance. transdermal drug delivery system is designed to deliver biological active agents through the skin, principally by diffusion for local internal if not systemic effects. The transdermal delivery system was relaunched after the discovery of elastic vesicles like transfersome, ethosome, cubosome, phytosome etc. Transfersomes are a form of elastic or deformable vesicle, which were introduced in the early 1990s. Elasticity is generated by incorporation of edge activator in lipid bilayer structure. Drug absorbed and distributed into organs and tissue and eliminated from the body it must pass through one or more biological membranes at various locations such movement of drug across the membrane is called as drug transport for the drug delivery to cross the body it should pass through the membrane barrier. This concept of drug delivery system was designed in attempt to concentrate the amount of drug in the remaining drug; therefore, the phospholipid-based carrier system is of considerable interest in the era.

scholarly journals Drug Penetration Enhancement Techniques in Transdermal Drug Delivery System: A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-61
Author(s):  
Joshi Hrushikesh Anantrao ◽  
Pandye Aaditya Nath ◽  
Patil Rajendra Nivrutti
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery System ◽  
Penetration Enhancement

Transdermal Drug Delivery System (TDDS) is described as a self-contained or discrete dosage form that is applied to the intact skin. This rout of drug administration of drugs through the skin for therapeutic use is an alternative approach to oral, intravascular, subcutaneous, and transmucosal routes. The delivery of drugs through the skin to the systemic circulation provides a convenient route of administration for a variety of clinical indications. Transdermal Drug Delivery System allows continuous drug administration, use of drugs with short biological half lives, avoids increases hepatic first pass elimination and rapid termination of medication by removing the transdermal drug delivery system from the skin.  Various transdermal technologies may be applied for different categories of pharmaceuticals used for the treatment of disorders of the skin or for systemic effects to treat diseases of other organs. Several transdermal products and applications include hormone replacement therapy, contraception, pain management, angina pectoris, smoking cessation, and neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease. The most commonly used transdermal system is the skin patch using various types of technologies. Stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the skin and it is the main barrier layer for permeation of drug in transdermal delivery of drugs. So, to circumvent the barrier properties of stratum corneum and to increase the flux of drug through skin membrane various penetration enhancement techniques are used in transdermal drug delivery system. The review presents different physical and chemical methods in penetration enhancement approaches and to optimize the transdermal delivery system.

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