Role of Phytomolecules in the Treatment of Obesity: Targets, Mechanisms and Limitations

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shampa Ghosh ◽  
Srividya Manchala ◽  
Manchala Raghunath ◽  
Gaurav Sharma ◽  
Abhishek Kumar Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Gastrointestinal Problems ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
The Right

: Obesity has become a worldwide health problem. It triggers additional co-morbidities like cardiovascular diseases, cancer, depression, sleep disorders, gastrointestinal problems and many more. Excess accumulation of fat in obesity could be caused by many factors like sedentary lifestyle, consumption of high fat diet, genetic predisposition, etc. Imbalanced energy metabolism i.e., greater energy consumption than utilisation, invariably underlies obesity. Considering the high prevalence and continuous, uncontrolled increase of this major public health issue, there is an urgent need to find appropriate therapeutic agents with minimal or no side effects. The high prevalence of obesity in recent years has led to a surge in the number of drugs available in the market that claim to control obesity. Although there is a long list of medicines and management strategies that are available, selecting the right therapeutic intervention and feasible management of obesity is a challenge. Several phytochemicals like hydroxycitric acid, flavonoids, tannins, anthocyanins, phytohaemagglutins, thymoquinone and epigallocatechin gallate have been shown to possess promising anti-obesity properties. However, studies providing information on how various phytochemicals exert their anti-obesity effects are inadequate. This calls for more experimentation in this less explored area of research. Additionally, the complication of obesity arises when it is a result of multiple factors and associated with a number of co-morbidities. In order to handle such complexities combinatorial therapeutic interventions become effective. In this review, we have described the medicinal chemistry of different highly effective phytochemicals which can be used in the effective treatment and management of obesity.

scholarly journals Alexithymia and its relation with eating disorders and obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Marina A. Berkovskaya ◽  
Anna A. Tarasenko ◽  
Valentin V. Fadeev ◽  
Olesya Yu. Gurova
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Emotional Management ◽  
Healthy Eating Behavior ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Weight One ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

This manuscript provides a review of current literature on the relationship between overweight and alexithymia as a psychological factor associated with obesity, as well as the role of alexithymia in the development of various abnormalities and eating disorders (ED). Obesity is a multifactorial disease, and lifestyle characteristics are the most important pathogenetic links on its development, as well as a complex of genetic, epigenetic, biological and psychological factors that cause accumulation of excessive fat and prevent effective reduction and retention of body weight. One possible reason for the increased prevalence of obesity in adults is poor emotional management, which can affect healthy eating behavior and lifestyle. It was found that overweight and obese people have a high prevalence of alexithymia, and also the study shows its prognostic role in the development of ED. Alexithymia is a factor that not only predisposes to weight gain, but is also a significant predictor of inefficiency and premature termination of programs for the treatment of obesity and ED. Timely diagnosis and correction of alexithymic syndrome can help in developing the effective treatment strategies for obese patients.

scholarly journals Intestinal microbiota, obesity and prebiotics

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. BARCZYNSKA ◽  
K. BANDURSKA ◽  
K. SLIZEWSKA ◽  
M. LITWIN ◽  
M. SZALECKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Weight One ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Normal Body Weight ◽  
Healthy Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Over the past few decades there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of obesity in both children and adults. Obesity is a disease that has reached epidemic levels on a global scale. The development of obesity is associated with both environmental and genetic factors. Recent studies indicate that intestinal microorganisms play an important function in maintaining normal body weight. One of the objectives in the gut microbiota research is to determine the role it plays and can it be a reliable biomarker of disease risk, including the predisposition to obesity. This article discusses (1) the role of prebiotics and gut microbiota in maintaining a healthy body weight and (2) potential influence on the gut microbiota in the prevention and treatment of obesity.

scholarly journals Role of Curcumin and (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-O-Gallate in Bladder Cancer Treatment: A Review

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludwika Piwowarczyk ◽  
Maciej Stawny ◽  
Dariusz T. Mlynarczyk ◽  
Izabela Muszalska-Kolos ◽  
Tomasz Goslinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Supportive Role ◽  
Cell Cycle Inhibition ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
Breast And Prostate Cancer ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

The incidence of bladder cancer (BC) is increasing, and although current therapeutic approaches are effective in many cases, recurrence of BC is common. Therefore, it seems necessary to search not only for novel therapeutic approaches, but also for new therapeutic agents. Natural polyphenols, such as curcumin (CUR) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), possess remarkable antitumor activity. Their biochemical mechanisms of action include regulation of signaling pathways, modeling of proteins involved in apoptosis and cell cycle inhibition, angiogenesis, and the proliferation, migration and adhesion of tumor cells. Both compounds also present antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiviral properties. CUR has been considered a promising candidate for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, Alzheimer’s disease or malaria, whereas EGCG can play a supportive role in the treatment of obesity, metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. The review summarizes the latest research on the role of CUR and EGCG in the treatment of BC. In particular, the effects of CUR and EGCG, and their prospects for use in BC therapy, their inhibition of cancer development and their prevention of multidrug resistance, are described. The literature’s data indicate the possibility of achieving the effect of synergism of both polyphenols in BC therapy, which has been observed so far in the treatment of ovarian, breast and prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Obesity and Polypharmacy among African American Older Adults: Gender as the Moderator and Multimorbidity as the Mediator

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari ◽  
Cheryl Wisseh ◽  
Mohsen Bazargan
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
African American ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
South Los Angeles ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Independent Variable

Despite high prevalence of obesity and polypharmacy among African American (AA) older adults, little information exists on the associations between the two in this population. This study explored the association between obesity and polypharmacy among AA older adults who were residing in poor urban areas of South Los Angeles. We also investigated role of gender as the moderator and multimorbidity as the mediator of this association. In a community-based study in South Los Angeles, 308 AA older adults (age ≥ 55 years) were entered into this study. From this number, 112 (36.4%) were AA men and 196 (63.6%) were AA women. Polypharmacy (taking 5+ medications) was the dependent variable, obesity was the independent variable, gender was the moderator, and multimorbidity (number of chronic medical conditions) was the mediator. Age, educational attainment, financial difficulty (difficulty paying bills, etc.), income, marital status, self-rated health (SRH), and depression were the covariates. Logistic regressions were used for data analyses. In the absence of multimorbidity in the model, obesity was associated with higher odds of polypharmacy in the pooled sample. This association was not significant when we controlled for multimorbidity, suggesting that multimorbidity mediates the obesity-polypharmacy link. We found significant association between obesity and polypharmacy in AA women not AA men, suggesting that gender moderates such association. AA older women with obesity are at a higher risk of polypharmacy, an association which is mainly due to multimorbidity. There is a need for screening for inappropriate polypharmacy in AA older women with obesity and associated multimorbidity.

The Role of the Dental Professional in Diabetes Care

1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Varon ◽  
Lynn Mack-Shipman
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Dental Patient ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Dental Professional

Abstract Diabetes mellitus, specifically type 2 diabetes, is one of the major public health issues facing the world in the 21st Century. This article summarizes the rapid changes in the management of diabetes and its impact on dental practice. The reader will find many “hyperlinks” to other diabetes information on the Internet throughout this article as these links provide greater detail. The incidence of type 1 diabetes has increased slowly, while that of type 2 diabetes has increased explosively. The worldwide incidence of type 2 is likely to double by the year 2010 due in large part to changing lifestyles, longer life expectancy, and rapid growth of ethnic and racial populations that have high prevalence rates. There are 15.7 million people or 5.9% of the population in the United States who have diabetes. While an estimated 10.3 million have been diagnosed, it is unfortunate that 5.4 million people are not aware they have the disease. Diabetic dental patient management strategies are presented. Dental professionals are urged to remain current in their knowledge of this disease in order to provide proper care for their patients.

scholarly journals Psychosocial Aspects of Pain

2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Kerns
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Multidisciplinary Treatment ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
Pain Disability ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Provide Pain Relief ◽  
Prevalence Of Pain

Abstract The high prevalence of pain associated with MS is increasingly well documented. Although MS-related pain may be managed satisfactorily with pharmacologic and other medical interventions, many individuals still suffer from persistent pain. A multidimensional model of chronic pain may be applicable for MS-related pain in these circumstances. This model encourages specific attention to identification and treatment of the source of pain and efforts to provide pain relief, but also encourages assessment and a treatment plan targeting associated disability and emotional distress. The model further encourages attention to numerous psychological and interpersonal contributors to the experience of pain, disability, and distress. Psychological interventions, often provided in the context of a multidisciplinary treatment approach, are particularly encouraged. Additional research is needed to increase understanding of the role of psychosocial factors in the perpetuation of MS-related pain and to examine the effectiveness of psychological treatment approaches in the development of optimum pain management strategies.

scholarly journals Disease Burden, Mechanism and Management of Obesity – Where Do We Stand?

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Irfan Sharif Shakoori ◽  
Gohar Ashraf ◽  
Fauzia Aslam ◽  
Hammad Akram
Keyword(s):  
Disease Burden ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Alternative Therapies ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Global Statistics

AbstractThe role of increased body mass index in general morbidity and mortality is well documented. This global public health issue continues to represent a major burden and threat to health systems and the population’s wellbeing. Global statistics show that the prevalence of obesity has increased about three times since the mid-1970s, and an upward trend is still observed, not only in developed but also in developing countries. We used several databases, including PubMed, ProQuest, and Google Scholar, to perform a literature search and review on obesity. Keywords such as “obesity”, “overweight”, and “BMI” were used in combination with multiple keywords such as “mechanism”, “factors”, “socio-economic”, “environmental”, “social determinants”, “management”, “treatment”, “non-traditional treatment”, “alternative therapies”, “non-pharmaceutical treatment” etc. and related phrases. According to the literature, the management of obesity is difficult due to the complex nature of this problem in terms of its course, complications, risks, and etiological factors. The role of alternative therapies in obesity management is still unclear, and further research is needed in this area. Recently introduced weight-loss and -management devices can also help in losing excess bodyweight. The present article summarizes relevant information related to obesity, collected from different regions of the world, and discusses diverse interventional approaches to treat obesity.

Role of Herbal Supplements in the Treatment of Obesity and Diabetes

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-103
Author(s):  
Sonia Singh ◽  
Bhupesh C. Semwal ◽  
Yogesh Murti
Keyword(s):  
Heart Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Herbal Supplements ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
The Common ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Around the world, the prevalence of obesity and diabetes are high raising multiple severe diseases. Some of the common disorders associated with obesity are diabetes, heart diseases, and hypertension. These disorders have a tremendous effect on social lifestyles of every individual. However, another lifestyle disorder is diabetes, which can also be called hyperglycemia. Uncontrolled diabetes has the potential to cause serious complications in the body including kidney disease, loss of vision, and cardiovascular disease, which contribute towards morbidity and mortality. Though various allopathic drugs are available in the market, the herbal products and their derivatives have enough potential to treat such diseases with little or no side effects. This chapter is concerned and focuses on the application of herbal drugs along with proven mechanisms of action.

scholarly journals Elevated body fat increases amphetamine accumulation in brain: evidence from genetic and diet-induced forms of adiposity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuping Fu ◽  
Aparna P. Shah ◽  
Jacqueline Keighron ◽  
Ta-Chung M. Mou ◽  
Bruce Ladenheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Normal Body Weight ◽  
Mice Brain ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDespite the high prevalence of obesity, little is known about its potential impact on the pharmacokinetics of psychotropic drugs. In the course of investigating the role of the microRNA system on neuronal signaling, we found that mice lacking the translin/trax microRNA-degrading enzyme display an exaggerated locomotor response to amphetamine. As these mice display robust adiposity in the context of normal body weight, we checked whether this phenotype might reflect elevated brain levels of amphetamine. To assess this hypothesis, we compared plasma and brain amphetamine levels of wild type and Tsn KO mice. Furthermore, we checked the effect of diet-induced increases in adiposity on plasma and brain amphetamine levels in wild type mice. Brain amphetamine levels were higher in Tsn KO mice than in wild type littermates and correlated with adiposity. Analysis of the effect of diet-induced increases in adiposity in wild type mice on brain amphetamine levels also demonstrated that brain amphetamine levels correlate with adiposity. Increased adiposity displayed by Tsn KO mice or by wild type mice fed a high-fat diet correlates with elevated brain amphetamine levels. As amphetamine and its analogues are widely used to treat attention deficit disorder, which is associated with obesity, further studies are warranted to assess the impact of adiposity on amphetamine levels in these patients.

scholarly journals Noninvasive Tests (NITs) for Hepatic Fibrosis in Fatty Liver Syndrome

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Ma Ai Thanda Han
Keyword(s):  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Transient Elastography ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Noninvasive Tests

Fatty liver syndrome is an emerging health problem in the world, due to the high prevalence of obesity and alcohol use disorder. Given the nature of the disease’s advancement to cirrhosis and liver-related complications, it is important to assess the severity of the disease, which is typically done via a liver biopsy. Due to the limitations and risks of liver biopsy, the role of noninvasive tests is essential and evolving to stratify the stage of the liver disease, predict the outcomes, and/or monitor the treatment response. This review is focused on noninvasive tests, including the use of serum-based biomarkers, ultrasound-based shear wave elastography, transient elastography, and magnetic resonance elastography in both clinical and research settings.

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