Potato starch-sodium alginate-Zr (IV) phosphate bio-nanocomposite ion exchanger: Synthesis, characterization and environmental application

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jahangir Ahmad War ◽  
Hamida- Tun-Nisa Chisti
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Dye Degradation ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Ion Exchanger ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Environmental Application ◽  
Sol Gel Synthesis

Background: The introduction of inorganic fillers into the polymer matrix (with multiplicity in functionalization) augments the specific properties of such materials. One such method employed here, which is environmental friendly and facile is the sol-gel synthesis Objective: The nanocomposite synthesized by the above mentioned method was primarily utilized for ion-exchange applications in general and cation exchange in particular. The ZrP based nanocomposite (PS/AG/ZrP) has been examined (as a photocatalyst) for the elimination of toxic cationic dye, methylene blue (Mb) from the wastewater by the mechanism of photodegradation. This study provides the experimental evidence and discussion of the different physicochemical characteristics of the synthesized nanocomposite Method: Herein, we synthesized zirconium phosphate (ZrP)-linked-potato starch/sodium alginate nanocomposite ion exchanger (PS/AG/ZrP) employing facile sol-gel method. Highly sophisticated techniques like FTIR, TGA, SEM, TEM, XRD & UV-Vis were subjected to characterize the PS/AG/ZrP nanocomposite Results: The ion exchange (IE) results show that the nanocomposite ion exchanger (PS/AG/ZrP-6) exhibited higher IEC (2.1meq/g) and thermal stability as conferred from IEC and TGA studies. Using UV-Vis irradiation, photocatalytic results revealed that 74.5% of Mb dye was degraded by novel nanocomposite (PS/AG/ZrP) within 50 minutes. Conclusion: The results discussed reveal that the nanocomposite (PS/AG/ZrP-6) is a potential candidate for ion exchange applications vis-à-vis a photocatalyst for the remediation of wastewater as the time demands. The nanocomposite (PS/AG/ZrP-6) successfully characterized through various techniques and utilized as a potential ion exchanger and a photocatalyst for the dye degradation (MB) under UV-Vis irradiation

scholarly journals One pot transparent sol-gel synthesis of TiO2 nanospheres with pristine anatase phase and their physicochemical characteristics

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.S.N. Ghosh ◽  
◽  
S. Gayathri ◽  
D. Alagarasan ◽  
K.V.P. Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anatase Phase ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Sol Gel Synthesis

Sol-Gel Synthesis and Preliminary Characterizations of Novel Silica Hybrid Xerogels

2013 ◽  
Vol 594-595 ◽  
pp. 1009-1014
Author(s):  
S.A. Syed Nuzul Fadzli ◽  
S. Roslinda ◽  
Z. Firuz
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Silica Xerogel ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Mesoporous Composite ◽  
Hybrid Silica ◽  
Hybrid Xerogels ◽  
Mild Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel Synthesis

Hybrid silica xerogel mesoporous composite was synthesized by a mild temperature acid catalysed sol-gel route where a natural copolymer; sodium alginate (Na-COOH) together with calcium oxide (CaO) powder were incorporated into silica sol precursor prior to gel formation. For this study, bulk xerogels samples were prepared with the amount of silica precursor and the natural copolymer was fixed meanwhile the loading of calcium oxide was varied at 10 and 20 wt%. The monolith silica was also synthesized as control parameter. The preliminary properties were investigated using XRD, FTIR and SEM together with EDS for elemental analysis. The calcium oxide powder used in this study was prepared from calcium hydroxide, CaOH compound, which was previously calcined at 1000°C for 3 hours in normal air. The component of calcium oxide and sodium alginate were found to be uniformly dispersed in matrixes without affecting the cross-linked silica formation. As the presence of the components in the silica matrixes, the synthesized hybrid xerogels were found to be crack-free, structurally amorphous and physically opaque. Furthermore, the hybrid xerogels samples were found to have denser bodies, smoother surface, and decreased in particle sizes and thus might produced less brittleness in nature compared to the monolith xerogels.

scholarly journals Studies on Ion-Exchange Properties of Polyaniline Zr(IV) Tungstoiodophosphate Nanocomposite Ion Exchanger

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Jacinth Mispa ◽  
P. Subramaniam ◽  
R. Murugesan
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Material Science ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Ion Exchanger ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Antimicrobial Studies ◽  
Visible Spectra ◽  
Exchange Behaviour ◽  
Exchange Properties

Organic-inorganic hybrid materials prepared by sol-gel approach have attracted a great deal of attention in material science. Organic polymeric part of the composite provides mechanical and chemical stability whereas the inorganic part supports the ion-exchange behaviour and thermal stability and also increases the electrical conductivity. Such modified composite materials can be applied as an electrochemically switchable ion exchanger for water treatment, especially water softening. Polyaniline zirconium(IV) tungstoiodophosphate nanocomposite ion exchanger is prepared by sol-gel method. Polyaniline zirconium(IV) tungstoiodophosphate nanocomposite ion exchanger is synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectra, ultraviolet-visible spectra, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, ion exchange, conductivity, and antimicrobial studies. A mechanism for the formation of the polyaniline zirconium(IV) tungstoiodophosphate nanocomposite ion exchanger was discussed. The route reported here may be used for the preparation of other nanocomposite ion exchangers.

Investigation of nitrification by co-immobilized nitrifying bacteria and zeolite in a batchwise fluidized bed

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Ion Exchanger ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Air Stripping ◽  
Concentration Levels

A new biotechnology of immobilization of nitrifying bacteria is developed to improve the effect of nitrification, in which a concentrated enriched culture of nitrifiers is entrapped into a special biomass carrier and immobilized by sodium alginate to form spherical pellets with diameters ranged from 1 to 2 mm. In addition, zeolite, which is a natural ion exchanger of ammonium, was co-immobilized into the pellets to enhance the efficiencies of transferring ammonium into the pellets as nitrifiers' substrate. The system was operated under five different initial applied ammonia concentration levels. The experimental results showed that physical air stripping effect was stronger than both chemical ion exchange and biological nitrification effects occurring in the system applied with initial ammonia concentration levels of both 10 and 20 mg N/I. In the experiments applied with initial ammonia concentration levels of 50, 70, and 100 mg N/I to the system, due to high nitrite concentrations detected in the effluents, it was inferred that both ion exchange and nitrification effects were dominant over air stripping effect. The reasons might be due to higher ammonium concentrations existing in the system causing stronger effects of ion exchange by zeolite entrapped inside the pellets. Hence, this new ammonia removal biotechnology appeared to be suitable to treat the wastewaters containing higher ammonia concentrations.

scholarly journals Investigations on Cationic Dye Degradation Using Iron-Doped Carbon Xerogel

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Andrada Maicaneanu ◽  
Breanna McGhee ◽  
Razvan Stefan ◽  
Lucian Barbu-Tudoran ◽  
Christopher Sedwick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Content ◽  
Dye Degradation ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Methyl Green ◽  
Air Oxidation ◽  
Carbon Xerogel ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Toc Removal ◽  
Iron Doped ◽  
Sol Gel Synthesis

Iron-doped carbon xerogels were prepared using sol-gel synthesis, with potassium-2,4-dihydroxybenzoate and formaldehyde as starting materials, followed by an ion exchange step. The obtained samples were characterized (XRD, FTIR, SED-EDX, TEM) and investigated as catalysts in heterogeneous Fenton and catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) processes. Experiments were conducted in the same conditions (0.1 g catalysts, 25 mL of 100 mg/L dye solution, 25 °C, initial solution pH, 3 h) in thermostated batch reaction tubes (shaking water bath, 50 rpm) at atmospheric pressure. A series of three cationic dyes were considered: Brilliant green (BG), crystal violet (CV), and methyl green (MG). Dyes and TOC removal efficiencies up to 99% and 92%, respectively, were obtained, in strong correlation with the iron content of the catalyst. Iron content measured in solution at the end of the reaction, indicated that its amount was less than 2 ppm for all tested catalysts.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Hollow Mesoporous TiN Nanostructures as an Efficient Catalyst Support for Methanol Electro-Oxidation

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 763
Author(s):  
Yoon-Hee Kim ◽  
Hyeonkyeong Lee ◽  
Dong-Seop Choi ◽  
Jiyull Kim ◽  
Hyun-Sung Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Catalyst Support ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Pt Catalyst ◽  
Pt Catalysts ◽  
Efficient Catalyst ◽  
Electro Oxidation ◽  
Sol Gel Synthesis ◽  
Nitridation Temperature

The development of efficient catalyst materials that can drive high catalytic performance is challenging. Here, we report a well-defined hollow mesoporous TiN nanostructure for use as Pt catalyst support material for methanol electro-oxidation. The hollow TiN nanostructure was synthesized by the ammonia nitridation of pre-synthesized mother hollow anatase TiO2, which was prepared by SiO2 template-assisted sol–gel synthesis followed by chemical etching, acid treatment, and sequential calcination. The variation in the ammonia nitridation temperature allowed the crystalline properties of the samples to be finely tuned. As the ammonia nitrification temperature increased, the crystallinity of the resulting hollow TiN continuously increased, and the corresponding Pt catalysts showed enhanced activity toward methanol electro-oxidation. The hollow TiN-800 sample (H-TiN-800), with a well-developed pure TiN phase, exhibited the highest electrical conductivity and the lowest resistance. The corresponding Pt/H-TiN-800 catalyst exhibited significantly enhanced catalytic activity. In this study, we systemically analyzed the physicochemical characteristics and electrochemical performance of hollow TiN samples and their corresponding Pt catalysts.

Inorganic-organic Hybrid Materials for Real 3-D Sub-νm Lithography

2003 ◽  
Vol 780 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Houbertz ◽  
J. Schulz ◽  
L. Fröhlich ◽  
G. Domann ◽  
M. Popall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Femtosecond Laser Pulses ◽  
Hybrid Polymer ◽  
Organic Hybrid ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Applied Technology ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Sol Gel Synthesis

AbstractReal 3-D sub-νm lithography was performed with two-photon polymerization (2PP) using inorganic-organic hybrid polymer (ORMOCER®) resins. The hybrid polymers were synthesized by hydrolysis/polycondensation reactions (modified sol-gel synthesis) which allows one to tailor their material properties towards the respective applications, i.e., dielectrics, optics or passivation. Due to their photosensitive organic functionalities, ORMOCER®s can be patterned by conventional photo-lithography as well as by femtosecond laser pulses at 780 nm. This results in polymerized (solid) structures where the non-polymerized parts can be removed by conventional developers.ORMOCER® structures as small as 200 nm or even below were generated by 2PP of the resins using femtosecond laser pulses. It is demonstrated that ORMOCER®s have the potential to be used in components or devices built up by nm-scale structures such as, e.g., photonic crystals. Aspects of the materials in conjunction to the applied technology are discussed.

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