Investigating the Effects of Aqueous and Alcoholic Extracts of Allium Hirtifolium and Allium Jesdianum on Keratinase Activity of Trichophyton Mentagrophytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Sarlak ◽  
Zahra Nasiri ◽  
Mahboobeh Madani ◽  
Kahin Shahanipour ◽  
Elena Tognoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Medical Diagnostic ◽  
Laboratory Procedures ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
Keratinase Enzyme ◽  
Optimized Conditions ◽  
Significant Production ◽  
Allium Hirtifolium

Background: Trichophyton spp., as pathogenic species to humans and animals, cause different forms of dermatophytosis through the production of particular enzymes, playing an essential role in tissue invasion. Among these, herein, keratinase was investigated, for the specific case of Trichophyton mentagrophytes, as a target of the effects of Allium hirtifolium and Allium jesdianum extracts, thus pharmacological potential of these plants was studied against keratinase activity. Methodology: Sampling was carried out on 20 bald patients from medical diagnostic laboratories and mycology centers, with suspected dermatophytosis of scalp. For confirming the presence of Trichophyton mentagrophytes in the specimens, different laboratory procedures were applied. Trichophyton mentagrophytes isolates were cultured on a screening medium containing keratin to verify production of the keratinase enzyme. The best enzyme-producing isolate was selected by measuring diameter of transparent halo around colony to be used in subsequent stages. Afterwards, the optimized conditions maximizing enzyme production and activity were determined. Finally, the inhibitory effect of different dilutions of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Allium jesdianum and Allium hirtifolium on extracellular keratinase activity was studied. Results : Sixteen out of 20 fungal isolates were identified as the Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The most desirable reduction on keratinase activity was reported for dilution values of 50 and 100 mg/ml of both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of A.jesdianum, though much more significant decrease belonged to the latter, and for dilution values of 25 and 100 mg/ ml of both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of A.hirtifolium. Conclusion : Concerning our results, it is suggested that paying special attention to these natural compounds for the treatment of dermatophytosis could be remarkably effective, considering significant production of keratinase observed in T. mentagrophytes, and they are beneficial, as they have no side effects and offer an alternative to currently available medications, which are under the restriction of drug resistance.

Mycochemical composition and antioxidant potential of Macrolepiota africana (Heim) Heinem. (Agaricaceae), an edible mushroom from Gabon

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 028-033
Author(s):  
Hugues Calixte Eyi Ndong ◽  
André Ledoux Njouonkou
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Mushroom Species ◽  
Chemical Screening ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Pharmacological Potential

Macrolepiota africana is a fungus used as food in Gabon for its culinary properties. However, its nutritional value, mycochemical contents, antioxidant properties and health potential still unknown. The present study investigated the phytochemicals and antioxidant properties of this mushroom species. This chemical screening was followed by a study of the antioxidant activity and a prediction of additional pharmacological activities of M. africana. Using standard methodology, the mycochemical analyses were carried out on aqueous, hydro-ethanolic and ethanolic fungi extracts. The antioxidant activity of the mushroom extracts was determined using DPPH radical scavenging assay. Apart from Digitoxigenine, flavonol and gitoxigenine that were not found in any of the extracts, all other tested mycochemical were found in atleast one of the extracts. Alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, oses and holosides, proanthocyanidins and coumarins were found in all extracts at different intensity. Saponosids, sterols and triterpenes, tannins gallics, reducing sugar, anthracenosides and digitoxine were found in two extracts while tannins catechics, flavone and gitoxine were detected only in one extract. The dosage of phenolic compounds confirmed the richness of this fungus in total polyphenols, its moderate richness in proanthocyanidins, the lack of flavonoids in the aqueous extract and the moderate richness of the hydro-ethanolic and ethanolic extracts in flavonoids. Regarding the antioxidant activities, the results obtained for the DPPH trapping test showed that the different extracts had low to moderate antioxidant activity with antioxidant activity index (IAA) ranged 0.29 to 0.97 respectively in aqueous and ethanolic extracts. The presence of these mycochemical compounds along with the identified antioxidant activities shows that this M. africana have some pharmacological potential.

Evaluation of Phytochemicals and Pharmacological Activities of Ben-Cha-Lo-Ka-Wi-Chian Remedy

2019 ◽  
Vol 891 ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Chanai Noysang ◽  
Teerarat Pummarin
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Reaction Test

Benchalokawichian (BLW) remedy is a Thai traditional medicine that has been notified in the List of Medicine Products of the National List of Essential Drugs A.D. 2006 and has long been used as an antipyretic. The phytochemicals of the 70% and 95% ethanolic extracts of were studied by color reaction test and HPTLC analysis. The BLW remedy showed a highest amounts of 70% ethanolic extractives (ca. 3.99 ± 0.60% of dry material weight). The several ethanolic extracts showed similar qualitative phytochemicals. The major of phytochemicals identified in these extracts were alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and polyphenols. The antioxidant activity was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. The analysed 70% ethanolic extract showed a highest antioxidant activity at IC50= 526.09 µg/ml and both extracts not showed tyrosinase inhibitory effect. The 95% ethanolic extract showed the greatest anti-propionibacterium acnes activity with inhibition zone of 10.10 ± 0.45 mm and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 5.05 mg/ml

Preliminary Phytochemicals and Pharmacologic Activities Assessment of White and Pink Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Flowers

2019 ◽  
Vol 891 ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Chanai Noysang ◽  
Nutsuda Boonmatit
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
White Flower ◽  
Nelumbo Nucifera ◽  
Color Reaction ◽  
Natural Source ◽  
Pink Flower ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Reaction Test

The phytochemicals of the ethanolic extracts of petals and stamens of lotus flowers from several lotus cultivars belonging to the Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (namely 'lotus white flower' and 'lotus pink flower') were studied by color reaction test and HPTLC analysis. The lotus pink flower stamens showed a highest amount of ethanolic extractives (ca. 18.33±2.14% of dry material weight). The several the ethanolic extracts of N. nucifera petals and stamens showed similar qualitative phytochemicals. The crude extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoinds, tannins and polyphenols. The antioxidant activity was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. The analyzed lotus pink flower stamens ethanolic extract showed a highest antioxidant activity at IC50 = 0.61±0.16 μg/ml and lotus pink flower petals ethanolic extract showed a highest tyrosinase inhibitory effect at IC50 = 2.25±0.21 μg/ml. N. nucifera flowers could be provide a potential natural source of phytochemicals and could be beneficial to the cosmetic properties.

scholarly journals Antidermatophytic Activity of Ethanolic Extract fromCroton tiglium

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Chien Lin ◽  
Yu-Liang Kuo ◽  
Wen-Ju Lee ◽  
Hui-Yi Yap ◽  
Shao-Hung Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Epidermophyton Floccosum ◽  
Croton Tiglium ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Antidermatophytic Activity

Dermatophytosis, which is caused mainly by genera ofTrichophyton,Epidermophyton, andMicrosporum, is a frequent dermatological problem in tropical and subtropical countries. Investigations were carried out in this study to evaluate the antidermatophytic activity of the stems, leaves, and seeds ofCroton tiglium, one of the traditional medicine plants indigenous to Asia. Ethanolic extracts of the stems, leaves, and seeds ofC. tigliumwere prepared by cold soak or heat reflux methods. The antidermatophytic activities of the extracts were evaluated by disc diffusion and microdilution susceptibility assays againstTrichophyton mentagrophytes,T. rubrum, andEpidermophyton floccosum. The active components in the extracts were analyzed and identified by GC-MS. All ethanolic extracts ofC. tigliumshowed some antifungal activities against the three dermatophytes. The ethanolic stem extract had the greatest inhibitory activities againstT. mentagrophytesandE. floccosumwith MICs at 0.16 mg/mL and had a lower activity againstT. rubrum(MIC: 0.31 mg/mL). Oleic acid and hexadecanoic acid were found to be the major constituents in the stem extract that demonstrated strong antidermatophytic activities. The ethanolic extracts of stem or seed ofC. tigliumexhibit strong antidermatophytic activities and, thus, could be considered for application on treating skin fungal infections after appropriate processing.

scholarly journals The Effect of Alcoholic and Aqueous Extract of Piper nigrum on the Larvae of Culex pipiens molestus Forskal (Diptera:Culicidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 0028
Author(s):  
Aulfat T. Yaseen
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Culex Pipiens Molestus

          The present study includes the effect of the ethanolic and aqueous extract of Piper nigrum against the third instar of Culex pipiens molestus (Diptera:Culicidae) in different concentrations: 1, 1.5 ppm of ethanolic extracts of Piper nigrum causing 100% mortality of larvae in the second day of treatment, while the concentrations 5% of aqueous extracts of Piper nigrum caused 100% mortality of larvae in the second day of treatment. The concentration 2.5% caused 100% mortality of larvae after four days of treatment. The current study also detected the effect of 0.1% concentration of Piper nigrum aqueous extract. The effect of this concentration has been studied on the growth of the ovaries and their follicles along a period 96 hours after emergence of adult life. The results of this study has clearly shown that the concentration 0.1% of Piper nigrum aqueous extract gave a highly significant inhibitory effect on the growth development of the ovaries and their follicles.

Modulation of hemostasis by inhibiting enzymes with the extract of Averrhoa carambola leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-396
Author(s):  
Daniela Aparecida Oliveira ◽  
Pedro Henrique Souza Cesar ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Cardoso Trento ◽  
Mariana Aparecida Braga ◽  
Silvana Marcussi
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Averrhoa Carambola ◽  
Phospholipases A2 ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Pharmacological Potential

Herbal medicines represent an advantageous alternative for the prevention and treatment of several diseases when compared to allopathic medicines. Averrhoa carambola (Oxalidaceae) is a plant rich in phenolic compounds and popularly known for its medicinal properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic. Different enzymes of the human organism participate in physiological processes which involve hemostasis, inflammation, and formation of new tissue. These enzymes are highlighted as pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of numerous pathologies. The present work evaluated the aqueous and ethanolic extracts from A. carambola leaves on phospholipase, hemolytic, caseinolytic, thrombolytic, coagulant, and fibrinogenolytic activities induced by phospholipases A2 and proteases. Phenolic compounds and total flavonoids were quantified in the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Averrhoa carambola. These extracts were evaluated, in vitro, on phospholipase, proteolytic, hemolytic, thrombolytic and fibrinogenolytic activities induced by snake venoms. The results confirm the pharmacological potential of A. carambola since the extracts were able to modulate all evaluated activities related to hemostasis through inhibitions or potentiation of the enzymatic activities (phospholipases A2 and proteases). The constituents of A. carambola may act interfering in processes such as coagulation, thrombus dissolution, and fibrinogenolysis.

Control of Green Rot Fungus of Arachis hypogaea L. in Orage Using Plant Extracts

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Etim Johnson Umana ◽  
Patrick Ishoro Akwaji ◽  
Emmanuel Michael Ekpenyong ◽  
Penninah Ime Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Effective Inhibition ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
The Media

The antifungal activity of the ethanolic and aqueous fruit extracts of Zingiberofficinale, Tetrapleuratetraptera, Garcinia kola and Cola nitida on the green rot fungus (Penicillium sp.) isolated from infected groundnut (Arachishypogaea) seeds in storage were investigated in vitro. Various concentrations of the aqueous and ethanolic fruit extract ranging from 5g/100ml, 10g/100ml, and 15g/100ml were separately added to Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media. The fungus was inoculated into the media and incubated for seven days. Results of the in vitro studies showed that the ethanolic extracts had a significant inhibitory effect (p<0.05) on the radial growth of Penicillium sp. at all levels of concentration tested. Complete inhibition of the fungus was at 15g/100ml of ethanolic extracts of Garcinia kola and Tetrapleuratetraptera. The aqueous extracts showed less inhibitory effect as compared to the ethanolic extracts. The effective inhibition of ethanolic extracts as compared to the aqueous extracts may be attributed to the efficiency of the extraction solvent on the phytochemical content of the plant extracts. The application of botanical extracts for disease management could be less expensive, easily available, non-polluting and eco-friendly. The ethanolic fruit extracts of Garcinia kola and Tetrapleuratetraptera at the higher concentrations can be produced in large quantities and used as spray in controlling the green rot fungus of Arachishypogaea in storage.

scholarly journals In vitro and in silico anti-dengue activity of compounds obtained from Psidium guajava through bioprospecting

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Isabel Trujillo-Correa ◽  
Diana Carolina Quintero-Gil ◽  
Fredyc Diaz-Castillo ◽  
Winston Quiñones ◽  
Sara M. Robledo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Antiviral Effect ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Caribbean Coast ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
Experimental Strategies

Abstract Background For decades, bioprospecting has proven to be useful for the identification of compounds with pharmacological potential. Considering the great diversity of Colombian plants and the serious worldwide public health problem of dengue—a disease caused by the dengue virus (DENV)—in the present study, we evaluated the anti-DENV effects of 12 ethanolic extracts derived from plants collected in the Colombian Caribbean coast, and 5 fractions and 5 compounds derived from Psidium guajava. Methods The cytotoxicity and antiviral effect of 12 ethanolic extracts derived from plants collected in the Colombian Caribbean coast was evaluated in epithelial VERO cells. Five fractions were obtained by open column chromatography from the ethanolic extract with the highest selectivity index (SI) (derived from P. guajava, SI: 128.2). From the fraction with the highest selectivity (Pg-YP-I-22C, SI: 35.5), five compounds were identified by one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The antiviral effect in vitro of the fractions and compounds was evaluated by different experimental strategies (Pre- and post-treatment) using non-toxic concentrations calculated by MTT method. The DENV inhibition was evaluated by plate focus assay. The results were analyzed by means of statistical analysis using Student’s t-test. Finally the antiviral effect in Silico was evaluated by molecular docking. Results In vitro evaluation of these compounds showed that three of them (gallic acid, quercetin, and catechin) were promising antivirals as they inhibit the production of infectious viral particles via different experimental strategies, with the best antiviral being catechin (100% inhibition with a pre-treatment strategy and 91.8% with a post-treatment strategy). When testing the interactions of these compounds with the viral envelope protein in silico by docking, only naringin and hesperidin had better scores than the theoretical threshold of − 7.0 kcal/mol (− 8.0 kcal/mol and − 8.2 kcal/mol, respectively). All ligands tested except gallic acid showed higher affinity to the NS5 protein than the theoretical threshold. Conclusion Even though bioprospecting has recently been replaced by more targeted tools for identifying compounds with pharmacological potential, our results show it is still useful for this purpose. Additionally, combining in vitro and in silico evaluations allowed us to identify promising antivirals as well as their possible mechanisms of action.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Eryngium campestre L. via Shoot Culture Provides Valuable Uniform Plant Material with Enhanced Content of Phenolic Acids and Antimicrobial Activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kikowska ◽  
Barbara Thiem ◽  
Elwira Sliwinska ◽  
Monika Rewers ◽  
Mariusz Kowalczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Shoot Culture ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Tlc Analysis

AbstractAn efficient micropropagation protocol for production of genetically uniform clones ofEryngium campestreL. was developed. To determine the effect of nutritional and hormonal factors on shoot and root development and bioactive compounds production, three variants of media differing in the content of macro- and micronutrients, as well as plant growth regulators of various types and concentrations were tested. The highest regeneration (100%), with over 13 shoots per explant, was induced on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 1.0 mg l−1benzyladenine (BA) and 0.1 mg l−1indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The in vitro derived shoots multiplied through axillary bud formation were rooted and transferred to an experimental plot with 78% frequency of survival. Flow cytometry showed no variation in nuclear DNA between the seedlings and micropropagated plants. Preliminary thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis indicated that phenolic acids, saponins, flavonoids and acetylenes were present in plant biomass. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) analysis revealed that shoots and roots from in vitro derived plants and root cultures maintained the ability to produce rosmarinic acid (RA), rosmarinic acid hexoside (RA-HEX) and chlorogenic acid (CGA). The highest phenolic acid content was detected in roots of in vitro regenerated plants. The extract from those roots expressed the highest inhibitory effect against bacteriaStaphylococcus aureus, as well as dermatophytesTrichophyton mentagrophytesandT. rubrum.

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