Polysaccharides to combat viruses (Covid-19) and microbes: New updates

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manaf AlMatar ◽  
Essam A. Makky ◽  
Aizi Nor Mazila Ramli ◽  
Nesibe Ebru Kafkas ◽  
Fatih Köksal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Membrane Disruption ◽  
Significant Challenge ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Cell Membrane Disruption ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Bacterial Cell Membrane ◽  
Bioactive Agents

Abstract: COVID-19, which is speedily distributed across the world and presents a significant challenge to public health, is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Following MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and SARS, this is the third severe coronavirus outbreak in less than 20 years. To date, there are no exact agents and vaccines available for the treatment of COVID-19 that are clinically successful. Antimicrobial medications are effective in controlling infectious diseases. However, the extensive use of antibiotics makes microbes more resistant to drugs and demands novel bioactive agents’ development. Polysaccharides are currently commonly used in the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries for their remarkable applications. Polysaccharides appear to have a wide range of anti-virus (anti-coronavirus) and antimicrobial applications. Polysaccharides are able to induce bacterial cell membrane disruption as they demonstrate potency in binding onto the surfaces of microbial cells. Here, the antiviral mechanisms of such polysaccharides and their success in the application of antiviral infections are reviewed. Additionally, this report provides a summary of current advancements of well-recognized polysaccharides as antimicrobial and anti-biofilm agents.

scholarly journals World Health Organization

1947 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-537 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Personnel ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
World Health Assembly ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
First World ◽  
Develop Program

Interim Commission of WHO: The third session of the Interim Commission of WHO, which began on March 30, 1947 at Geneva, closed on April 12, after assigning priority to the various health problems confronting the world. Representatives of sixteen of the eighteen member states (Liberia and the Ukrainian SSR being absent) attended the session. Results of Conference discussions indicated wide-spread agreement on such matters as 1) appointment of expert committees to develop program proposals relating to specific diseases, 2) strengthening of national health services, and 3) facilities for training public health personnel. It was hoped that a practical first year's program could be presented to the first World Health Assembly when that body convenes, probably in February, 1948.

Cryptospordiosis: An infectious emerging protozoan zoonosis of public health significance

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-163
Author(s):  
Mahendra Pal ◽  
Mati Roba Bulcha ◽  
Adugna Girma Lema ◽  
Sena Roba Bulcha
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Hygienic Measures

Zoonoses caused by diverse etiological agents, are important from public health and economic point of view, and are reported in humans and animals from developing and developed nations of the world. Cryptosporidiosis is an emerging food and waterborne zoonotic protozoan disease that has been detected in both human and animal populations all over the world. The source of infection is exogenous, and the ingestion of contaminated food and water is the principal mode of transmission. The oocysts of Cryptosporidium are abundant and pervasive in ambient water, where they can survive for months. It prefers epithelial cells found in the digestive tracts of a wide range of hosts. Waterborne transmission through drinking water or a swimming pool is common, resulting in outbreaks in several nations throughout the world. The disease can manifest itself in sporadic or epidemic forms. The infection has been recorded in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. The watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, anorexia and low grade fever are most commonly observed symptoms. The laboratory help is required to make an unequivocal diagnosis of disease. The preventive strategies include excellent hygienic measures to avoid the contamination of food and water by oocysts of Cryptosporidium. In addition, the role of veterinarian is highly imperative for the management of disease in domestic animals.

The Sudanese Mahdī: Frontier Fundmentalist

1979 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Voll
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Third World ◽  
Charismatic Leader ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
African Context ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Third World

The Sudanese Mahdī has been pictured as a villain, as a hero, as a reactionary, as an anti-imperialist revolutionary, and in many other ways. The romance and excitement of the nineteenth-century Mahdiyya has inspired novels and movies, while the many faceted reality of the movement has caught the attention of a wide range of scholars in search of case studies of specific phenomena. In recent years the Mahdī has been used as an example of a ‘charismatic’ leader,1 the founder of a religionpolitical party in the ‘third world,’2 the leader of a millenarian revolt,3 an African rebel against alien rule,4 and a Semitic messiah in an African context. Many of these analyses are the constructive products of the changing situation in the world of contemporary historical studies. Each tends to reflect a broader analytical concern aroused by modern developments.

scholarly journals Why are children sedentary: an examination using the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 790-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allana LeBlanc
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
International Study ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World

Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour have been independently associated with a wide range of negative health indicators including obesity, poor cardio-metabolic health, and poor psychosocial health. The overarching objective of this research was to gain a better understanding as to why children are sedentary and where we need to focus public health messages and interventions to reduce sedentary behaviour. Specifically, I aimed to provide insight on current awareness of sedentary behaviour guidelines, determine important correlates of total sedentary time (SED) and screen time (ST) in Canadian children, and understand correlates of SED and ST in a global context. The primary dataset used for this project was the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE). Background work was completed to review current literature on knowledge and awareness of Canadian physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidelines (in all age groups) and to understand the representativeness of the ISCOLE dataset. In addition to the 2 background papers, this dissertation includes 3 manuscripts, all prepared for submission in scientific, peer-reviewed journals: Canadian physical activity and screen time guidelines: do children know?, Correlates of objectively measured sedentary time and self-reported screen time in Canadian children, and Correlates of total sedentary time and screen time in 9–11 year-old children around the world: The International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment. Overall, this work showed the majority of children around the world are accumulating large amounts of sedentary time, and exceeded current screen time guidelines. We found that the large majority of Canadian children are not aware of screen time guidelines; however, a greater proportion of children could identify physical activity guidelines. We also identified a number of correlates of SED and ST in Canadian children and in children around the world. The most common correlates included weight status and access to electronics in the house. Taken together, this work suggests that public health messaging should focus on increasing awareness of screen time guidelines. While increasing awareness of the guidelines, messaging can be tailored to promoting healthy weight status and reducing (or removing) children’s access to electronic devices in hopes of reducing overall time spent sedentary.

scholarly journals Privacy-Preserving Pandemic Monitoring

2021 ◽  
pp. 194-206
Author(s):  
Thu Yein Win ◽  
Hugo Tianfield
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Privacy Preserving ◽  
Patient Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Safety ◽  
Patient Data Privacy ◽  
Significant Challenge ◽  
The World

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has presented a significant challenge for health organisations around the world in providing treatment and ensuring public health safety. While this has highlighted the importance of data sharing amongst them, it has also highlighted the importance of ensuring patient data privacy in doing so. This chapter explores the different techniques which facilitate this, along with their overall implementations. It first provides an overview of pandemic monitoring and the privacy implications associated with it. It then explores the different privacy-preserving approaches that have been used in existing research. It also explores the strengths as well as their limitations, along with possible areas for future research.

Using Online Programs to Centre Students in the Twenty-First Century

2018 ◽  
pp. 102-119
Author(s):  
Pedro José Arrifano Tadeu ◽  
Carlos Brigas
Keyword(s):  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
World Wide ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Online Programs ◽  
The Third ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World

Because of the exponential growth of the internet and ICT, we, as promoters of education, should always be aware of the changes that society is endorsing outside of the classroom. The student is no longer the same introverted child that studied in the workbenches years ago. Today students belong to a time with smartphones, tablets, and a wide range of new portable technologies. Today's students are used to seeking different forms and ways of motivation in and out of the classroom, and they want the teaching and learning process to integrate with society and its latest technologies. The number of internet users has increased tenfold from 1999 to 2014. The first billion was reached in 2005, the second billion in 2010, the third billion in 2014. This means access to the world wide web is increasing rapidly. In 2020, the percentage will rise again, and consequently, an incredibly large number of people, youngsters and adults, will have access to the internet. The slogan that drives the world today is anywhere… anytime!

The Status of Your Journal

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Kay McClain
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Middle Grades ◽  
Middle School Mathematics ◽  
National Council ◽  
Short History ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status

As the national council of teachers of Mathematics begins the third year of publishing Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School, the Editorial Panel thought it appropriate to highlight some of the changes that have occurred in the journal's short history. Although the intent of the journal is to target teaching in the middle grades, the variety of interests expressed by middlegrades teachers has prompted the inclusion of articles on a wide range of such issues as professional development and middle school mathematics education in other parts of the world. The journal was originally established with numerous departments to reflect readers' interests and to prompt the solicitation of manuscripts. However, the large number of unsolicited manuscripts being submitted and accepted for publication has allowed the balance of content to change so that the departments do not dictate the content of the journal but merely serve as overarching guides for themes that the Panel believes need to be addressed. These themes include assessment, technology, and professional development. Other features of the journal have remained because of their popularity with readers, such as the “Menu of Problems,” “Now & Then,” “Mathematics Detective,” “Cartoon Comer,” and “Window on Resources.”

Introduction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Chapman ◽  
Sathianathan Clarke ◽  
Martyn Percy
Keyword(s):  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Roman Catholicism ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Christian Denomination

The Anglican Communion is the third largest Christian denomination and claims a membership of some 80 million members in about 164 countries. Given that there are only around two hundred countries in the world, this makes the churches of the Anglican Communion the most geographically widespread denomination after Roman Catholicism. The Introduction provides an outline of the structure of the volume. The chapters embrace a wide range of academic disciplines: some are theological; some are historical; some discuss demography and geography; and still others different aspects of culture and ethics. What unites them is that they all address what is effectively a new inter-disciplinary subject which we have termed ‘Anglican Studies’.

scholarly journals The antimicrobial effects of the alginate oligomer OligoG CF-5/20 are independent of direct bacterial cell membrane disruption

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manon F. Pritchard ◽  
Lydia C. Powell ◽  
Saira Khan ◽  
Peter C. Griffiths ◽  
Omar T. Mansour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Membrane Disruption ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects ◽  
Cell Membrane Disruption ◽  
Bacterial Cell Membrane

scholarly journals GESLA Version 3: A major update to the global higher-frequency sea-level dataset

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Haigh ◽  
Marta Marcos ◽  
Stefan Talke ◽  
Philip Woodworth ◽  
John Hunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Coastal Engineering ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Extreme Sea Levels ◽  
Level Analysis

This paper describes a major update to the quasi-global, higher-frequency sea-level dataset known as GESLA (Global Extreme Sea Level Analysis). Versions 1 (released 2009) and 2 (released 2016) of the dataset have been used in many published studies, across a wide range of oceanographic and coastal engineering-related investigations concerned with evaluating tides, storm surges, extreme sea levels and other related processes. The third version of the dataset (released 2021), presented here, contains twice the number of years of data (91,021), and nearly four times the number of records (5,119), compared to version 2. The dataset consists of records obtained from multiple sources around the world. This paper describes the assembly of the dataset, its processing and its format, and outlines potential future improvements. The dataset is available from https://www.gesla.org.

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