A Review of Classical and Modern Control Techniques Utilized in Modern Microgrids

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hamza Shahbaz ◽  
Arslan Ahmed Amin
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
Exciting Development ◽  
Micro Grids ◽  
Modern Control

: Because of the consistently expanding energy request, the introduction of a decentralized micro-grid based on energy resources will soon be the most exciting development in the power system. Micro-grids, which are mainly based on inverters, are becoming more popular as they can handle different forms of renewable energy effectively. However, one of the most challenging areas of research is their control. In the last few years, many control strategies have been developed. In this review, different control methods have been discussed that apply to the micro-grid system. Furthermore, the comparative analysis of classical and modern control strategies is also considered. This survey guides the new researchers about all available control strategies and room for improvement towards the optimal solution of the micro-grid control techniques. It also identifies several research gaps and future trends therein as well as provides a solution to manage problems in MGs. The strategies are then compared based on their applicability to different control requirements.

Improvement of Power Quality for Microgrid using Fuzzy Based UPQC Controller

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Abdul Rasheed ◽  
G. Keshava Rao
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Quality ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
Hybrid Filters ◽  
Micro Grids

<p>Generally, the power systems are mainly effected by the continuous changes in operational requirement and increasing amount of distributed energy systems. This paper proposes a new concept of power-control strategies for a micro grid generation system for better transfer of power. The micro grids are obtained with the general renewable energy sources and this concept provides the maximum utilization of power at environmental free conditions with low losses; then the system efficiency is also improved. This paper proposes a single stage converter based micro grid to reduce the number of converters in an individual ac or dc grid. The proposed micro grid concept can work in both stand-alone mode and also in grid interfaced mode. The distortions that occur in power system due to changes in load or because of usage of non-linear loads, can be eliminated by using control strategies designed for shunt active hybrid filters such as series and shunt converters. A conventional Proportional Integral (PI) and Fuzzy Logic Controllers are used for power quality enhancement by reducing the distortions in the output power. The simulation results are compared among the two control strategies, that fuzzy logic controller and pi controller.</p>

scholarly journals Measures of weed control by means of environmentally friendly technologies in summer-autumn period

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
O. Kurdiukova ◽  
O. Tyshchuk
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Autumn Period ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Weed Infestation

Goal. To select criteria for optimal solutions for calculating techniques of effective control of weeds in the summer-autumn period, taking into account their biological groups, the level of weed infestation and harmfulness. Methods. The experiments were carried out in a stationary field crop rotation, laid down in 2010. Carrying out the experiment and determining weed infestation was performed according to generally accepted methods. To process data and criteria for optimal combinations of weed control methods, the calculation method was used. Results. The essence of the optimal solution for controlling weeds in the summer-autumn period is as follows. The period of time, during which effective control of weeds can be carried out is determined. This is the period from harvesting the crop to the end of the weed growing season. The number of possible agro-technical technique of control is taken into account. It is assumed that for the emergence of annual seedlings or the restoration of the organs of vegetative propagation of perennial weeds, an average of 15 days is required. The possible harm in the given field of various biological groups of weeds is calculated in points by multiplying the actual weed infestation in points by the value of their harmfulness by rank. A table is compiled of the ranks of the effectiveness of agro-technical control techniques for each biological group of weeds. The most effective individual weed control techniques or their combination are selected. Each technique or combination thereof is evaluated and summing up the results; effective methods for controlling weeds are determined by indicators of the least residual damage. In order to determine the reasonability of increasing the number of agricultural practices, the conditional weed harm score is calculated by dividing the sum of the results by the square of the number of techniques. A decrease in the conditional score with an increase in the number of agro-technical measures shows that a further increase in the number of weed control methods is impractical. Conclusions. In the system of ecologically safe farming, the main attention in the weed control system belongs to summer-autumn agro-technical techniques. Calculation of such weed control in specific soil and climatic conditions can significantly increase the effectiveness of both individual agricultural methods and their combinations.

scholarly journals Research on Control Parameters for Voltage Source Inverter Output Controllers of Micro-Grids Based on the Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runnan Dong ◽  
Shi Liu ◽  
Geng Liang
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Fruit Fly Optimization ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
Micro Grids

Due to the strong intermittency of micro-resources, the poor grid-tied power quality, and the high generation-demand sensitivity in micro-grids, research into the control methods of micro-grid systems has always been a notable issue in the field of micro-grids. The inverter is the core control equipment at the primary control level of the micro-grid, and the key factors affecting its output performance can be divided into three categories: control methods, hardware configuration, and control parameter design. Taking the classical active and reactive power (P-Q) control structure and the three-phase, two-stage inverter topology model as an example, this paper designs a parameter for offline tuning, and an online self-tuning optimization method for an inverter control system based on the fruit fly optimization algorithm (FOA). By simulating and comparing the inverter controllers with non-optimized parameters in the same object and environment, the designed parameter tuning method is verified. Specifically, it improves the dynamic response speed of the inverter controller, reduces the steady-state error and oscillation, and enhances the dynamic response performance of the controller.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Three-Phase Solar PV Integrated UPQC Using Space Vector Technique

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-148
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Power Electronic ◽  
Grid System ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
Micro Grids

: Due to the increase of load demand in future, the generation must also increase. The use of traditional resources such as coal, diesel fuels etc., causes global warming which is leading us to shift to renewable energy resources. Renewable energy resources may in include solar, wind, tidal as the source for production. These are used in small quantities as Distribution Generators (DG) at different locations in a bus system. As the generation of these sources is less when connected to grid, we call them as micro-grids. These micro grids generally use these DGs to distribute power to loads, and involve power electronic elements to control the generation. It induces energy into the system but also create a problem of harmonic distortions and voltage sags. To eliminate these sags and harmonics in the micro grid system caused by the power electronic devices employed by the renewable sources, we induce a UPQC (Unified Power Quality Conditioner) system. The UPQC system eliminates the harmonics in the systems and restores the voltage of the micro-grid system. We introduce a new topology called instantaneous reactive power (IRP) theory in the UPQC control to operate in a more efficient way, by utilizing RES (Renewable Energy Sources) at the DC-link. The RES support the UPQC system by injecting the active power generated by the resources through DC-link.

Active and Reactive Power Droop Controller Design for Reliable and Optimal Control of Renewable-Based Micro-Grid

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 111-136
Author(s):  
Peter Anuoluwapo Gbadega ◽  
Olufunke Abolaji Balogun
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Power ◽  
Controller Design ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Distributed Generations ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Islanded Mode ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
Micro Grids

Technical concerns about micro-grid dynamics, particularly in autonomous (island) mode necessitate revision of current paradigms in control of energy systems. Advanced control techniques are imperative segments for micro-grid realization. In general, micro-grids and the integration of distributed energy resources (DER) units introduce a number of operational challenges that required to be addressed in the control design and protection systems such that the reliability and stability levels are not affected significantly and subsequently ensured that the distributed generations (DGs) potential benefits are wholly harnessed. In this paper, the micro-grid coordination strategy was investigated by simply analysing the present micro-grid situation and various control strategies. More so, active-reactive power (P/Q) and droop controller based on proportional-integral (PI) and model predictive control (MPC) were designed to control the inverter output of the micro-sources. A micro-grid model, which has two photovoltaic (PV) and one wind turbine (WT) blocks, were built in MATLAB/Simulink to simulate the following three cases in this study. The three cases are as follows, the switching of operation mode between the grid connected and islanded mode, increasing and decreasing of loads in islanded mode and the disconnection of one PV system at a certain time in islanded mode. Therefore, through the simulation analyses, the MPC controller utilized in this micro-grid as compared to the PI controller, achieved desirable efficiency of the inverter’s power control and shared the load power effectively.

scholarly journals Modelling and design of PID controller for voltage control of AC hybrid micro-grid

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Alhamrouni ◽  
M. A. Hairullah ◽  
N. S. Omar ◽  
Mohamed Salem ◽  
Awang Jusoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Distributed Energy Resources ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Islanded Mode ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
Ac Microgrid

<span>The growing demand for power that needs to be remotely transported creates a fast and effective solution of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) integration. Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) can lessen the electrical and physical distance between load loss and generator, transmission and distribution, and the level of carbon emissions. Such challenges can be overcome by using microgrids, which combine various types of DERs without interrupting the grid operation, allowing the power system to detect and control the errors more efficiently, allowing the shedding load and automatic switching through control algorithms so that blackouts and power restoration times are shortened, enabling either a relevant grid or islanded mode operation, and improving system reliability and flexibility via DERs. This work includes modelling of hybrid AC micro-grid as well as presenting an efficient control technique for micro-grid. In the present work the performance of hybrid AC microgrid system is analyzed in the islanded mode. Photovoltaic system and fuel cell stack are used for the development of microgrid. It also includes microgrid control objectives and the most common problems encountered and their solutions. The employed control technique is able to control the output voltage at a desired and standard value. The control strategies of the hybrid AC microgrid are simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK.</span>

scholarly journals Control Techniques of Torque Ripple Minimization for Induction Motor

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thamir Hassan Atyia
Keyword(s):  
Induction Motor ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Direct Torque Control ◽  
Torque Ripple ◽  
Torque Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Harmonic Elimination ◽  
Simulation Results

A Matlab-Simulink environment used to build a model of an Induction Motor (IM) to study and explore methods for minimizing the torque ripple. Various control strategies were reviewed and simulation studies were carried out for the following control methods: Direct Torque control, Direct Torque control with harmonic elimination, and Direct Torque control with Matrix convertor were the obtained results analyzed, evaluated, and compared to each other. The simulation results confirmed that Using Direct Torque Control with Harmonic elimination method was significantly minimized the torque ripple as the harmonics of the output voltage were canceled; discussions and conclusions were presented in this study.

scholarly journals Optimal Operation of Micro-grids Considering the Uncertainties of Demand and Renewable Energy Resources Generation

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malek Jasemi ◽  
Farid Adabi ◽  
Babak Mozafari ◽  
Samira Salahi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Spinning Reserve ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
Micro Grids

Nowadays, due to technical and economic reasons, the distributed generation (DG) units are widely connected to the low and medium voltage network and created a new structure called micro-grid. Renewable energies (especially wind and solar) based DGs are one of the most important generations units among DG units. Because of stochastic behavior of these resources, the optimum and safe management and operation of micro-grids has become one of the research priorities for researchers. So, in this study, the optimal operation of a typical micro-grid is investigated in order to maximize the penetration of renewable energy sources with the lowest operation cost with respect to the limitations for the load supply and the distributed generation resources. The understudy micro-grid consists of diesel generator, battery, wind turbines and photovoltaic panels. The objective function comprises of fuel cost, start-up cost, spinning reserve cost, power purchasing cost from the upstream grid and the sales revenue of the power to the upstream grid. In this paper, the uncertainties of demand, wind speed and solar radiation are considered and the optimization will be made by using the GAMS software and mixed integer planning method (MIP).Article History: Received May 21, 2016; Received in revised form July 11, 2016; Accepted October 15, 2016; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Jasemi, M.,  Adabi, F., Mozafari, B., and Salahi, S. (2016) Optimal Operation of Micro-grids Considering the Uncertainties of Demand and Renewable Energy Resources Generation, Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 5(3),233-248.http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.5.3.233-248

scholarly journals High Gain DC/DC Converter with IC MPPT Algorithm For DC Micro-Grid Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-250
Author(s):  
Subbarao Mopidevi, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Duty Ratio ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
High Voltage Gain ◽  
Grid Applications ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
Micro Grids

High gain  DC-DC converter with IC MPPT algorithm, solar & wind as inputs in conjunction with this converter are presented in this paper. Recently, due to increase in the green energy demand the renewable energy resources are widely used.DC micro grids are now of significant importance due to the rise in DC loads and the demand for high power quality. These DC loads require various levels of voltage based on their power ratings. The proposed step-up DC-DC converter therefore has a high voltage gain with optimum duty ratio characteristics. In addition, the additional benefit of delivering electricity at two distinct voltage levels is that it is more suitable for DC micro grid applications and all the switches are controlled using single control signal which reduces complexity. The proposed converter is implemented and theoretically verified in SIMULINK MATLAB software for two different load power ratings of 100W and 200W.

Droop Characteristics of Doubly Fed Induction Generator Energy Storage Systems within Micro Grids

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.L. Sireesha ◽  
G. Kesava Rao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Induction Generator ◽  
Control Voltage ◽  
Doubly Fed Induction Generator ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
Doubly Fed ◽  
Micro Grids

This article presents the operation of DFIG Doubly fed induction generator and a component energy storage (ES) within micro grids (MG). The aim of this proposal is to control voltage and frequency of wind farm micro grid shared by the Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) through droop characteristics. This paper is mainly concerned with the operation of islanded micro grids. The proposed control methods are pretend by using Matlab/simulink.

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