Fabrication and characterization of carbon nanofibers coated expandable thermoplastic microspheres-based polymer composites

2022 ◽  
Vol 05 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Jones ◽  
Bedanga Sapkota ◽  
Brian Simpson ◽  
Tarig A. Hassan ◽  
Shaik Jeelani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Sonochemical Method ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymer Shell ◽  
Composite Foam ◽  
Composite Foams

Background: Thermoplastic expandable microspheres (TEMs) are spherical particles that consist of polymer shell encapsulating a low boiling point liquid hydrocarbon that acts as the blowing agent. When TEMs are heated at 80-190 C, the polymer shell softens and the hydrocarbon gasifies, causing the microspheres expand leading to increase in volume and decrease in density. TEMs are used in food packaging, elastomeric cool roof coatings, shoe soles, fiber and paper board, and various applications in the automotive industry. It is noted that TEMs are known by its brand name ‘Expancel’ which is also used to refer TEMs in this paper. Objective: The objective of this work was to develop and characterize forms prepared from TEMs with/without carbon nanofibers (CNFs) coatings to study the effect of CNFs on structural, thermal, and mechanical properties. Method: Sonochemical method was used to coat TEMs with various weight percentage (1, 2, and 3 %) of CNF. Neat foam (without CNF) and composite foams (TEMs coated with various wt.% of CNF) were prepared by compression molding the TEMs and TEMs-CNF composites powders. Thermal and mechanical properties of the neat and composite foams were investigated. Result: The mechanical properties of the composite foam were notably improved, which is exhibited by a 54% increase in flexural modulus and a 6% decrease in failure strain with the TEMs-(2 wt.% CNF) composite foam as compared to the neat foam. Improvement in thermal properties of composite foam was demonstrated by a 38% increase in thermal stability at 800 ºC with the TEMs-(1 wt.% CNF) composite foam as compared to the neat foam. However, no change in glass transition of TEMs was observed with the CNF coating. SEM-based analysis revealed that CNFs were well dispersed throughout the volume of the TEMs matrix forming a strong interface. Conclusions: Straightforward sonochemical method successfully triggered efficient coating of TEMs with CNFs resulting to strong adhesion interface. The mechanical properties of composite foams increased up to 2% of CNFs coating and then decreased with the higher coating presumably due to interwoven bundles and aggregation of CNFs, which might have acted as critical flaws to initiate and propagate cracking. Thermal properties of foams increased with the CNFs coating while no change in glass transition temperature was observed due to coating.

Rates of Crystallization of cis-1,4-Polybutadiene in Elastomer Blends

1967 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Crystallization Behavior ◽  
Crystallization Rate ◽  
Rate Data ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Crystallization Properties

Abstract Blends of polybutadiene with SBR show different crystallization behavior than blends with polyisoprene. One might suppose that the similarities in SBR and polybutadiene are sufficient to allow more intimate mixing than can be obtained by using entirely different polymers such as the polyisoprene polybutadiene pair. Possibly, bulk viscosities are important here, but no matter what the cause, crystallization properties have shown differences in the way the polybutadiene was situated. Also, large changes in the glass transition occurred for those materials which showed sizeable retardation in crystallization rate. An interpretation of the crystallization rate data based on particle size was given in this discussion because a precedent exists for this effect. However, molecular compatibility has not been ruled out. Further investigation of thermal properties should help clarify this point. It will be interesting to learn to what extent particle size alone affects the thermal behavior of blends. Perhaps more work along these lines coupled with improved optical and electron microscope techniques will provide some answers to our questions on how phase structure affects thermal and mechanical properties.

Influence of Carbon Nanofibers on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of NC-TEGDN-RDX Triple-Base Gun Propellants

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinpeng Shen ◽  
Zhitao Liu ◽  
Bin Xu ◽  
Hao Liang ◽  
Yao Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Gun Propellants

The Influence of Amount of Wood Fiber on New Flame-Retardant Melamine-Urea-Formaldehyde (MUF) Composite Foam

2011 ◽  
Vol 393-395 ◽  
pp. 1012-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Feng Ma ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Ling Li ◽  
Ming Ming Zhang ◽  
Zeng Hui Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Cell Size Distribution ◽  
Composite Foam ◽  
Composite Foams ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Irregular Cell

New composite foams were prepared by co-foaming of Melamine-Urea-Formaldehyde (MUF) resin and wood fiber in the closed mould at 70°C. The effects of amount of wood fiber on mechanical properties, brittleness, flame-retardant, insulation and microscopic structures of wood fiber-MUF foam were investigated. Results indicated that the flame-retardant properties increased, and the brittleness and mechanical properties decreased with the increase of the amount of wood fiber in composite foams. The addition of wood fiber resulted in more uniform cell size distribution and irregular cell shape, but had little effect on insulation properties.

scholarly journals The Fabrication of Geopolymer Foam Composites Incorporating Coke Dust Waste

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1052
Author(s):  
Buczkowska Katarzyna ◽  
Chi Hiep Le ◽  
Petr Louda ◽  
Szczypiński Michał ◽  
Totka Bakalova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Residual Strength ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Composite Foam ◽  
Coke Dust ◽  
Composite Foams ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Geopolymer Binder

This paper reports the results of an experimental investigation on the mechanical properties of geopolymer foams incorporating filler from the coke dust waste (CDW). In this work, CDW was used to replace a part of geopolymer paste at 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30% by geopolymer binder mass. The physico-mechanical properties and thermal resistance against high temperatures of CDW/geopolymer foams are presented. The primary results obtained show that the use of CDW in the production of geopolymer foam composites made it possible for them to achieve relatively good mechanical properties. However, the incorporation of the CDW into the geopolymer had a slightly negative effect on thermal conductivity, but significantly improved the mechanical strength of the final product. Moreover, this waste also helped the composite foam to achieve a structure with more uniform open pores distribution, compared to the pure foam. After exposure to elevated temperatures, the residual strength of the composite foams maintained well compared to the pure foams.

Mechanical and thermal properties of PP/compatibilized PP/acid treated SWNTs nanocomposites: Effect of different acid treatment times

e-Polymers ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Ghorbanzadeh Ahangari ◽  
Abdolhosein Fereidoon ◽  
Seyfolah Saedodin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Maleated Polypropylene ◽  
Carboxylic Groups

AbstractIn the present work, the effect of different acid treatment times of singlewalled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on the mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene (PP)/maleated polypropylene (PP-g-MA) nanocomposites was investigated. The acid treatment process was based on a mixture of concentrated sulphuric and nitric acids. The SWNTs were treated with the acid mixture for 1, 3, and 6 h. FTIR, Raman spectroscopy and TEM revealed the values of carboxylic groups, graphitization and morphology of acid treated SWNTs, respectively. The thermal and mechanical properties and the morphology of nanocomposites were investigated by tensile tests, DMTA, DSC, and SEM.

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Carbon-Nanofiber Infused Polyurethane Foam

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Atiqur Bhuiyan ◽  
Mahesh V. Hosur ◽  
Yaseen Farooq ◽  
Shaik Jeelani
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Agitator

In this study, thermal and mechanical properties of carbon nanofiber infused polyurethane foam were investigated. Low density liquid polyurethane foam composed of Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate (Part A) and Polyol (Part B) was doped with carbon nanofibers (CNF). A high-intensity ultrasonic liquid processor was used to obtain a homogeneous mixture of Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate (Part A) and carbon nanofibers (CNF). The CNF were infused into the Part A of the polyurethane foam through sonic cavitation. The modified foams containing nanoparticles were mixed with Part B (Polyol) using a high-speed mechanical agitator. The mixture was then cast into pre-heated rectangular aluminum molds to form the nano-phased foam panels. Flexure, static and high strain rate compression, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were performed on neat, 0.2 wt%, 0.4 wt% and 0.6 wt% CNF filled polyurethane foam to identify the effect of adding CNF on the thermal and mechanical properties. The highest improvement on thermal and mechanical properties was obtained with 0.2 wt% loading of CNF. Morphology of the samples was studied through X-ray diffraction.

scholarly journals LMPP Effects on Morphology, Crystallization, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of iPP/LMPP Blend Fibres

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2(128)) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munir Hussain ◽  
Feichao Zhu ◽  
Feichao Zhu ◽  
Bin Yu ◽  
Bin Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Isotactic Polypropylene ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Breaking Elongation ◽  
Low Modulus ◽  
The Degree Of Crystallinity

The thermal properties and morphological characterisation of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) homopolymer and its blends with low molecular low modulus polypropylene (LMPP) were studied. Firstly blends were prepared with variant LMPP contents, and their properties were characterised using SEM, DSC, XRD, and DMA. Later the mechanical properties of iPP/LMPP blend fibres were investigated. SEM results showed that the iPP/LMPP blends produced smoother surfaces when the LMPP content was increased, as well as the miscibility. All the Tg values with different LMPP percentages were in-between pure iPP and LMPP. The XRD results indicated the LMPP percentage decreased along with the degree of crystallinity of the iPP/LMPP blends (5% to 15%), which increased and then decreased as compared to pure iPP. The elongation at break increased when the LMPP content increased, with the maximum breaking elongation of the LMPP 25% blend reaching 12.95%, which showed great stretch-ability, whereas the elastic modulus of iPP/LMPP blends decreased.

Evaluation of Influence of the Addition Nanofillers on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties Terpolymers Ester-Ether-Amide

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-239
Author(s):  
A. Kozłowska ◽  
M. Piatek-Hnat
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Nanocomposite Materials ◽  
Polymeric Matrix ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract The results of studies of mechanical and thermal properties of synthesized elastomeric nanocomposites have been presented. An elastomeric multiblock terpoly(ester-b-ether-b-amide)s as polymeric matrix and nanoparticles SiO2 i TiO2 used as fillers. It was shown that the introduction of multiblock thermoplastic elastomer matrix of SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles allows to obtain nanocomposite materials with improved mechanical properties compared to the terpolymer before modification. An increase in glass transition temperature, which has a positive effect for the processing of terpolymers.

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy-Nanoparticulate Composite Adhesive

2012 ◽  
Vol 585 ◽  
pp. 297-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakriti Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Manjeet Singh Goyat ◽  
Deepak Mishra ◽  
Rishabh Nagori
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Epoxy Adhesive ◽  
Al2o3 Nanoparticles ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Vibration Process ◽  
Dispersion Of Nanoparticles

The effect of type of nanoparticles on morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy-nanoparticulate composite adhesive produced via ultrasonic vibration process has been investigated. The morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy-nanoparticulate composite adhesive was measured with FESEM/AFM, DTA/TGA, and Hounsfield respectively. The FESEM/AFM images of the epoxy-nanoparticulate composite adhesive reveals significantly fine dispersion of nanoparticles. The incorporation TiO2 nanoparticles in epoxy adhesive results in improved glass transition temperature (Tg), thermal stability and tensile properties of the nanocomposite. But, the incorporation of comparatively finer size Al2O3 nanoparticles leads to decrease in the Tg, thermal stability and tensile properties of the nanocomposite.

Surface modification of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) by plasma polymerization of methylmethacrylate and its effect on the properties of PMMA/CNF nanocomposites

e-Polymers ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neira-Velázquez María Guadalupe ◽  
Luis Francisco Ramos-de Valle ◽  
Ernesto Hernández-Hernández ◽  
Ivan Zapata-González
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Plasma Polymerization ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Plasma Power ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plasma Process ◽  
Substantial Impact

AbstractCarbon nanofibers (CNFs) were modified via plasma polymerization using methyl methacrylate (MMA) as monomer and used as reinforcements for polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Conditions of the MMA plasma process in a specially designed reactor and plasma-polymerized methyl methacrylate (PPMMA) films were studied. The study involved varying the process time at a constant plasma power of 100 W and a constant MMA flow rate (0.15 cm3 per min). Nanocomposites of PPMMA-coated CNFs and PMMA were prepared with 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 %wt of treated CNFs. The effect of the MMA plasma on the CNFs was analyzed. Dispersion of the modified CNFs was evaluated in several solvents. The results confirmed a change in hydrophobicity of the treated CNFs. The inclusion of treated CNFs exhibited substantial impact on the properties of the PMMA/CNF nanocomposites. The thermal and mechanical properties of the PMMA/CNF composites were examined. It was found that the thermal stability increased by about 8% and the Young´s modulus significantly enhanced by as much as 178% when compared to PMMA with no CNFs.

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