scholarly journals Poverty as the impact of the COVID-19

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukanto Limbong ◽  
Senada Siallagan
Keyword(s):  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Relative Poverty ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Real Condition ◽  
Single View ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Impact

This is an ethnography study which aimed to find out the real condition of poverty in Indonesia. Preliminary study showed that there are massive social impacts in the new normal due to COVID-19. There are three kinds of poverty that can be seen in real terms namely extreme poverty, absolute poverty, and relative poverty. Moreover, when viewed from the biblical approach, there are two words used that helped us in our  research on poverty, namely "race” = “poor people" and "dal” which is more translated as “weaker” than “poor”. The Bible does not state a single view on poverty but mentioned some Bible passages. The first is idleness poverty. This poverty is caused by laziness or negligence over personal responsibility to look for means to meet needs. The Bible uses ants as an opposite example of laziness in the book of Proverbs 6:6. The second is theodise poverty. This poverty is illustrated by Job who was stripped off of his riches, yet he was able to accept and embrace whatever the Lord gave to him. 

scholarly journals An Empirical Study Based on the Impact of Smart Sensor System on Rural Relative Poverty

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Tian Luan ◽  
Xiaoyan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Sensor System ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Smart Sensor ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Relative Poverty ◽  
The Impact

Solving the problem of rural poverty is a difficult problem for the country to enter a well-off society in an all-round way. Therefore, this paper conducts an experimental analysis based on the impact of smart sensor systems on the relative poverty in rural areas. This article is aimed at studying the related factors of rural poverty and improving relative poverty in rural areas. In this regard, this article proposes an intelligent processing function based on smart sensors. Multiple sensors work together to process relatively complex things. Then, through the experimental analysis of GH efficiency, the data collected in the experimental area is used as the data. Combining the Lorentz curve and Gini coefficient analysis to determine the influencing factors of rural relative poverty. This article also selected 10 areas for experimentation. The experimental results show that the proportion of middle school education from 2014 to 2020 is between 24.3% and 34%, and the number of poor people has also declined, indicating that education level is a factor affecting rural poverty. Therefore, based on the intelligent sensor system, the factors of relative poverty in rural areas can be found, and related measures can be analyzed. By implementing the rural poverty alleviation strategy, the relative poverty situation in rural areas can be effectively improved.

scholarly journals The Impact of Livelihood Risk on Farmers of Different Poverty Types: Based on the Study of Typical Areas in Sichuan Province

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 768
Author(s):  
Xuanye Zeng ◽  
Zhuoying Fu ◽  
Xin Deng ◽  
Dingde Xu
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Relative Poverty ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
The Impact

After the completion of China’s poverty alleviation task in 2020, the poverty situation will undergo major changes, and the focus of poverty alleviation work will shift to solving relative poverty. This can provide useful inspiration for the government to formulate and implement relevant policies that explore the differences in livelihood risk impacts of different types of farmers in areas where disasters and poverty are intertwined. This study used survey data of 327 households in four districts and counties in the hardest-hit areas of the Wenchuan Earthquake and Lushan Earthquake in China’s Sichuan Province in 2018. This study measured farmers’ livelihood risks from four aspects: health risks, environmental risks, financial risks, and social risks, and measured farmers’ poverty types from three aspects: absolutely poor farmers, relatively poor farmers, and non-poor farmers. It systematically analyzed the four types of livelihood risks faced by farmers and the three types of poverty they were in, and constructed a multinomial logistic regression to explore the correlation between livelihood risks and poverty types. This study is the first to compare the relatively poor type with other poverty types. The second innovation is that it uses the entropy method and multinomial logistic regression. The results showed that: (1) Among the four livelihood risks faced by farmers, the biggest was the environmental risk, the next was financial risk, the third was health risk, and the last was social risk. (2) Among the three poverty types, farmers in absolute poverty were the most populated, with non-poor farmers next, and relatively poor farmers at the bottom. (3) Farmers of different poverty types were affected by livelihood risks to different degrees. Specifically, when compared with the impacts on farmers in absolute poverty, the impacts social risks could bring to farmers in relative poverty were more severe while the impacts of health risks, environmental risks and financial were not that strong. Impacted by social risks, relatively poor farmers are more seriously impacted by public affairs and social security status. When compared with the impacts on non-poor farmers, the impacts of all these four risks on relatively poor farmers were not notable.

scholarly journals Reconceptualising poverty in Europe: exclusion, marginality and absolute poverty reframed through participatory relational space

2019 ◽  
pp. 17-38
Author(s):  
Lena Dominelli
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Individual Behaviour ◽  
Relative Poverty ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Relational Space ◽  
New Policies

This chapter argues that monetarised conceptualisations of poverty cannot address the multiple complexities of poverty because these focus on individual behaviour, and ignore its multiple aspects including its relationality, emotionality, social exclusion, and structural forms of inequality. By exploring the conceptual limitations of absolute and relative poverty, this chapter reconceptualises poverty holistically within participatory relational space, uncovering its relational dimensions involving self-fulfilment, agency, and realisation of welfare entitlements rooted in universal human rights not nation-state-based citizenship. It situates poverty within participatory relational space which combines action within domestic relational space and public relational space to transcend concepts that portray poor people as passive objects of policymakers. This chapter also contends that the nation-state has ‘a duty of care’ towards those residing within its borders that requires tackling structural inequalities and 21st century realities on the European continent. Addressing the structural welfare needs of both citizens and non-citizens will strengthen social solidarity and endorse new policies and practices to eradicate poverty in Europe.

Dignity, self-respect and real poverty in Europe

2019 ◽  
pp. 363-382
Author(s):  
Christian Neuhäuser
Keyword(s):  
Human Dignity ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Relative Poverty ◽  
Do So

Many people seem to believe that absolute poverty is very serious, a violation of human dignity even, while relative poverty is not. Against this assumption, I will defend the claim that both, absolute and relative poverty, are degrading. I will do so by connecting dignity with a certain understanding of self-respect that rests on the ability to take care of oneself in basic matters of life as well as the ability to see and present oneself as a respect-worthy member of one’s society. Absolute poverty threatens the ability to take care of oneself in basic matters of life. Relative poverty threatens the ability to present and see oneself as a respect-worthy member of one’s society. The consequence of this argument is that relative poverty is also serious and real poverty in the sense that relatively poor people lack what is needed to live in dignity. It is closer to absolute poverty then commonly assumed. Relating absolute as well as relative poverty to dignity and self-respect shows that serious poverty is not only a problem for very poor societies in what is called the developing world, but also prevalent in the wealthier regions of Europe.

scholarly journals The Study on Poverty Reduction Effects of Chinese Urban Minimum Living Standard Guarantee System—Empirical Analysis Based on CHIP 2002 and 2007

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. p1
Author(s):  
Chen Zongsheng ◽  
Wen Wen
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Relative Poverty ◽  
Guarantee System ◽  
Poverty Lines

The Chinese urban minimum living-standard guarantee system, mainly functions to guarantee the poor people to have minimum living-standard life; at same time it can make some people to get rid of poverty by some poverty lines. But how much of the rates can be reduced? What differences among provinces, and what impact on all kind of families? The paper tries to answer these questions by using Chinese Household Income Project (CHIP) 2002 and 2007, taking international poverty line, minimum living standard line, Martin’s poverty line and relative poverty line respectively to measure the poverty reduction impact of urban minimum living standard guarantee. On the whole, the urban minimum living standard guarantee is effective to alleviate absolute poverty and even part of relative poverty. For example, taking international poverty line as standard, in 2002 the urban minimum living guarantee respectively decreased absolute poverty rate, poverty gap and squared poverty gap of national urban area by 4.58%, 11.41% and 16.32%, while in 2007 decreased respectively by 47.24%, 70.87% and 83.04%. Taking relative poverty line as standard, in 2002 respectively poverty rate, poverty gap and squared poverty gap of national urban area decreased by 1.92%, 4.65% and 8.37%, while in 2007 the 3 indices reached by 3.28%, 11.63% and 22.57% respectively, but which are lower than by international poverty line. On the whole, according to different poverty lines and indices, the urban citizen in different provinces and families gained different poverty reduction effects brought by the urban minimum living standard guarantee.

Strategic Role of Zakat in Multidimensional Quality of Life in Sijunjung, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Herlin Hamimi ◽  
Abdul Ghafar Ismail ◽  
Muhammad Hasbi Zaenal
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Status ◽  
Being There ◽  
The Impact

Zakat is one of the five pillars of Islam which has a function of faith, social and economic functions. Muslims who can pay zakat are required to give at least 2.5 per cent of their wealth. The problem of poverty prevalent in disadvantaged regions because of the difficulty of access to information and communication led to a gap that is so high in wealth and resources. The instrument of zakat provides a paradigm in the achievement of equitable wealth distribution and healthy circulation. Zakat potentially offers a better life and improves the quality of human being. There is a human quality improvement not only in economic terms but also in spiritual terms such as improving religiousity. This study aims to examine the role of zakat to alleviate humanitarian issues in disadvantaged regions such as Sijunjung, one of zakat beneficiaries and impoverished areas in Indonesia. The researcher attempted a Cibest method to capture the impact of zakat beneficiaries before and after becoming a member of Zakat Community Development (ZCD) Program in material and spiritual value. The overall analysis shows that zakat has a positive impact on disadvantaged regions development and enhance the quality of life of the community. There is an improvement in the average of mustahik household incomes after becoming a member of ZCD Program. Cibest model demonstrates that material, spiritual, and absolute poverty index decreased by 10, 5, and 6 per cent. Meanwhile, the welfare index is increased by 21 per cent. These findings have significant implications for developing the quality of life in disadvantaged regions in Sijunjung. Therefore, zakat is one of the instruments to change the status of disadvantaged areas to be equivalent to other areas.

DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN FISKAL TERHADAP KINERJA SEKTOR PERTANIAN DI SULAWESI TENGGARA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
La Ode Jabuddin ◽  
Ayub M Padangaran ◽  
Azhar Bafadal Bafadal
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Simultaneous Equations ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Historical Simulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Direct Expenditure

This study aims to: (1) Knowing the dynamics of fiscal policy and the performance of the agricultural sector, (2) Analyze the factors that influence fiscal policy and the performance                   of the agricultural sector, and (3) Analyzing the impact of fiscal policy on the performance of the agricultural sector. The data used in this study were pooled 2005-2013 data in the aggregate. Econometric model the impact of fiscal policy on the performance of the agricultural sector is built in the form of simultaneous equations, consisting of 7 equations with 25 total variables in the model, 7 endogenous variables, 12 exogenous variables, and 6 variables lag. The model is estimated by 2SLS method SYSLIN procedures and historical simulation with SIMNLIN procedure.The results showed that: (1) The development of fiscal policy in Southeast Sulawesi from year to year tends to increase, (2) The performance of the agricultural sector from the aspect of GDP has decreased, from the aspect of labor is still consistent, in terms of investment to grow positively, and assign roles which means to decrease the number of poor people, (3) factors affecting fiscal policy is local revenues, equalization funds, other revenues, as well as the lag fiscal policy, (4) the factors that affect the performance of the agricultural sector from the aspect GDP is labor, direct expenditure and GDP lag; from the aspect of labor is the total labor force, investment, land area, direct expenditure, as well as the lag of labor; from the aspect of investment is influenced by GDP per capita, land area, interest rates and investment lag; as well as from the aspect of poor people, are affected by population, investments, direct expenditure and poverty lag, (5). Fiscal policy impact on the agricultural sector GDP increase, a decrease in the number of poor, declining agricultural laborers, and a decrease in the amount of investment in the agricultural sector.Keywords: Fiscal policy, the performance of the agricultural sector, the simultaneous equations

INNOVATIVE ARCHITECTURAL IDEAS OF THE FUTURE DWELLINGS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Dzhyhil Yu. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Housing Design ◽  
Residential Architecture ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
National University ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
The Impact

Residential architecture has one of the most conservative styles based on its specifics. However, today this type of architecture seeks to actively respond to changes in the modern world. These changes are caused by multiple factors, among them are: technological and information progress; lack of resources and environmental pollution; military conflicts and population migration etc. The purpose of this article is to summarize the experience of the Department of Architectural Environment of Lviv Polytechnic National University over housing issues and outline the methodological principles of innovation in designing both individual houses and the architectural environment of residential formations. While writing this article, we analyzed the 15-year experience of Architectural Environment's Department diploma projects. The unique feature of these projects is the priority on the design of the environment. The evolution of diploma project topics is revealed on multiple distinctive examples such as the reconstruction of old buildings in Lviv and the construction of prefabricated homes and container-type housing. Futuristic settlements are represented in projects such as “The Ocean Settlements” and “Prykarpatsk - the City of Future”. Research projects were developed to study current trends in housing design and the impact of innovative technologies on planning decisions. These projects discoursed the protection of housing from traffic noise and issues related to environmental preservation. Innovative architectural ideas of future housing, developed by students in these projects, are based on a combination of aesthetic, technical, and social components of architecture. The conclusion indicates that when educating future architects, it is important to teach them the basics of the craft, as well as the ability to defend their innovative ideas. The emphasis is placed on the importance of educating the architect's personal responsibility for their own design solutions. It is stated that professional motivation and the ability to constantly renew previously acquired knowledge and skills will be among the main tasks in training future architects.

Preliminary Study of the Impact of Critical Success Factors on Project Success in Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aqeel Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Sehail Younis
Keyword(s):  
Critical Success Factors ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Project Success ◽  
Workforce Planning ◽  
Survey Instrument ◽  
Past Performance ◽  
Cronbach Alpha ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Impact

This preliminary study attempts to link among the critical success factors on overall project success in public sector organizations in Pakistan.  In this study it’s reflected that major critical success factors (soundness of Business & workforce, planning & control, quality performance and past performance) can enhance the success of the project in Pakistan.  The purpose of this preliminary study was to verify the reliability of the survey instrument which has been used in European countries. It was found that the planning & control was the highest Cronbach Alpha value, while the ranged for each constructs in the present study from 0.68 to 0.88.  Therefore, based on the Cronbach alpha value score, the proposed survey instrument has fulfilled the basic requirement of a valid instrument.

Welfare Reform and the Delivery of Welfare-to-Work Programs to AAPIs: What Works?

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Chow ◽  
Grace Yoo ◽  
Catherine Vu
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Welfare Reform ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Welfare To Work ◽  
Work Program ◽  
What Works ◽  
One Stop ◽  
The Impact

The passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act (PRWORA) of 1996 has major implications for low-income Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) populations. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the research currently examining the impact of welfare reform on AAPI recipients and the welfare-to-work services available to this population. This article highlights AAPI participation and their timing-out rates in California’s CalWORKs program and their barriers to transitioning to work. Four welfare-to-work program models and recommendations are presented to illustrate strategies that can be used to address the unique needs of AAPI in order to alleviate their high risk for timing-out: one-stop-shops, transitional jobs programs, providing comprehensive and family focused services, and additional research and evaluation of programs specific to assisting the AAPI population on CalWORKs.

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