Conceptual study of malnutrition related diabetes mellitus

The Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by absolute or relative insulin deficiency. Type 1 diabetes is commonly known as juvenile diabetes, because it typically strikes during childhood and sometimes adolescents, and young age group. Now in the whole world nearly about 24% of population is suffering from diseases. The first widely accepted classification of diabetes mellitus was published by WHO in 1980 named them as IDDM (type-1) and NIDDM (type-2) and Malnutrition related diabetes mellitus (MRDM) was introduced in 1985. In India Malnutrition has high prevalence rate Malnutrition during intrauterine and early childhood period may impair growth and development. This review provides an overview of Juvenile Diabetes in children with MRDM. The juvenile diabetes and MRDM is a palliative disease. It cannot be completely cured, but can be controlled by medication, food, Ayurvedic Chikitsa and Lifestyle Changes.

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Misread and mistaken: Étienne Lancereaux’s enduring legacy in the classification of diabetes mellitus

Journal of Medical Biography ◽

10.1177/0967772020914797 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 096777202091479

Author(s):

James R Wright Jr. ◽

Lynn McIntyre

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Juvenile Diabetes ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Juvenile Onset ◽

Clinical Observations ◽

Adult Onset Diabetes ◽

French Physician

Historians of diabetes have long claimed that physicians were aware of two distinct types of diabetes mellitus by the 1880s, and that these were the direct forerunners of type 1, juvenile-onset and type 2, adult-onset diabetes. French physician Étienne Lancereaux (1829–1910), based on autopsy and clinical studies, classified diabetes either as diabète maigre (thin, or more accurately emaciated, diabetes), which he believed to be pancreatic in origin with a poor prognosis, or diabète gras (fat diabetes), which he believed had a much better prognosis and was not pancreatic in origin. Historians citing Lancereaux have claimed that he observed the former to occur in young and the latter in middle-aged and elderly people. We review the papers of Lancereaux to clarify his clinical observations and understanding of diabetes. Lancereaux’s description of diabète maigre bores little resemblance to juvenile diabetes and all of his thin patients were middle-aged or older. On the other hand, his diabète gras is akin to type 2 diabetes and he might well deserve credit for its characterization.

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The challenges of diagnosing diabetes in childhood

Diagnosis ◽

10.1515/dx-2020-0036 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Mairi Pucci ◽

Marco Benati ◽

Claudia Lo Cascio ◽

Martina Montagnana ◽

Giuseppe Lippi

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Children And Young People ◽

Narrative Literature ◽

Diagnosis And Classification ◽

Narrative Literature Review ◽

Optimal Approach ◽

Diagnostic Step

AbstractDiabetes is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide, whereby type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) alone involves nearly 15 million patients. Although T1DM and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are the most common types, there are other forms of diabetes which may remain often under-diagnosed, or that can be misdiagnosed as being T1DM or T2DM. After an initial diagnostic step, the differential diagnosis among T1DM, T2DM, Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) and others forms has important implication for both therapeutic and behavioral decisions. Although the criteria used for diagnosing diabetes mellitus are well defined by the guidelines of the American Diabetes Association (ADA), no clear indications are provided on the optimal approach to be followed for classifying diabetes, especially in children. In this circumstance, both routine and genetic blood test may play a pivotal role. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to provide, through a narrative literature review, some elements that may aid accurate diagnosis and classification of diabetes in children and young people.

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Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in North-East Poland

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina56040164 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 164

Author(s):

Wojciech Matuszewski ◽

Angelika Baranowska-Jurkun ◽

Magdalena M. Stefanowicz-Rutkowska ◽

Robert Modzelewski ◽

Janusz Pieczyński ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

North East ◽

Experimental Group

Background and Objectives: The global epidemic of diabetes, especially type 2 (DM2), is related to lifestyle changes, obesity, and the process of population aging. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most serious complication of the eye caused by diabetes. The aim of this research was to assess the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in north-east Poland. Materials and Methods: The eye fundus was assessed on the basis of two-field 50 degrees color fundus photographs that showed the optic nerve and macula in the center after the pupil was dilated with 1% tropicamide. Results: The experimental group included 315 (26%) patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) and 894 (74%) patients with DM2. DM1 patients were diagnosed with DR in 32.58% of cases, with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) in 24.44% of cases, proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in 1.59% of cases, diabetic macular edema (DME) in 5.40% of cases, and PDR with DME in 0.95% of cases. DR was found in DM2 patients in 23.04% of cases, NPDR in 17.11% of cases, PDR in 1.01% of cases, DME in 4.81% of cases, and PDR with DME in 0.11% of cases. Conclusions: The presented study is the first Polish study on the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy presenting a large group of patients, and its results could be extrapolated to the whole country. Diabetic retinopathy was found in 25.48% of patients in the whole experimental group. The above results place Poland within the European average, indicating the quality of diabetic care offered in Poland, based on the number of observed complications.

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High prevalence of lactose absorbers in Northern Sardinian patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/73.3.582 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 582-585 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Gian Franco Meloni ◽

Carla Colombo ◽

Carlo La Vecchia ◽

Adolfo Pacifico ◽

Paolo Tomasi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

High Prevalence

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Study of cutaneous manifestations of type 2 diabetes mellitus

International Journal of Research in Dermatology ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20175544 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Yoganand J. Phulari ◽

Vidisha Kaushik

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Age Group ◽

Cutaneous Manifestations ◽

Skin Manifestations ◽

Type 2 Dm ◽

Type 1 Dm

Background: Poorly controlled Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with several disorders and microvascular, macrovascular and neuropathic complications. Multiple factors play a role in the manifestations of cutaneous signs of DM. The prevalence of a cutaneous disorder appears to be similar between Type 1 DM and Type 2 DM patients, but Type 2 DM patients develop more frequent cutaneous infections, and Type 1 DM patients manifest more autoimmune-type cutaneous lesions. The objective of the study was to assess the various cutaneous manifestations of Type 2 DM and the relation of cutaneous manifestations with the duration of Type 2 DM.Methods: All patients of Type 2 DM, of age group 20 and above, of both sexes, attending OPD or IPD at Dr. D. Y. Patil Hospital, Kolhapur willing to give written informed consent, were included for the study between August 2014 – July 2016. Complete history and examination of all the patients with regards to onset of cutaneous manifestations was taken.Results: Majority (49%) of respondents were in the age group of 41 to 60 years, and majority (66%) were males. 57.5% were new cases and 42.5% were known cases. Duration of illness- majority 50.58% were <5 years, 27.05% in 6 to 10 years. In present study there were 61% who had infectious skin manifestations and 39% who had non-infectious skin manifestations. Out of infectious manifestations 39.5% had fungal infection. Conclusions: Therefore on the basis of present study, we conclude that the skin is involved in DM quite often. The manifestations are numerous and varied and many a times they can serve as diagnostic marker for underlying DM. Whenever patients present with multiple skin manifestations, their diabetic status should be checked. The recognition of these skin findings is the key to treatment and prevention.

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Artificial Intelligence-Based Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus: Combining Fundus Photography with Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostic Methodology

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/5556057 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Yang Xiang ◽

Lai Shujin ◽

Chang Hongfang ◽

Wen Yinping ◽

Yu Dawei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Chinese Medicine ◽

Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽

Fundus Photography ◽

Diabetes Diagnosis ◽

Medical Resources ◽

New Approach

In this study, we propose a technique for diagnosing both type 1 and type 2 diabetes in a quick, noninvasive way by using equipment that is easy to transport. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that affects public health globally. Although diabetes mellitus can be accurately diagnosed using conventional methods, these methods require the collection of data in a clinical setting and are unlikely to be feasible in areas with few medical resources. This technique combines an analysis of fundus photography of the physical and physiological features of the patient, namely, the tongue and the pulse, which are used in Traditional Chinese Medicine. A random forest algorithm was used to analyze the data, and the accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 scores for the correct classification of diabetes were 0.85, 0.89, 0.67, and 0.76, respectively. The proposed technique for diabetes diagnosis offers a new approach to the diagnosis of diabetes, in that it may be convenient in regions that lack medical resources, where the early detection of diabetes is difficult to achieve.

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Classification of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus from Studies of ICA, HLA and Insulin Secretory Capacity

Pediatrics International ◽

10.1111/j.1442-200x.1987.tb00327.x ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 340-344

Author(s):

Nobuo Matsuura ◽

Kenji Fujieda ◽

Yuhei Mikami ◽

Hiroko Fujita ◽

Shohei Harada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Insulin Secretory Capacity ◽

Secretory Capacity

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What a psychiatrist needs to know about diabetes

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(05)80186-5 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 20 (S4) ◽

pp. S330-S334 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

B. Charbonnel

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Insulin Secretion ◽

Glycaemic Control ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Glycosylated Haemoglobin ◽

Glucose Levels

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder, caused by defects in insulin action and/or insulin production and is defined as afasting hyperglycaemia of >126 mg/dl, with normoglycaemia being ≥70 and ≤ 110 mg/dl. There are two main types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes (around 10% of cases) is an autoimmune disease, usually of early onset, in which pancreatic islet beta cells that secrete insulin are destroyed. Type 2 diabetes (around 85% of cases) is characterised principally by insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. Heredity and obesity are major risk factors for Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes is associated with potentially life-threatening microvascular and macrovascular complications caused by elevated serum glucose levels. Treatment of diabetes aims at restoring glycaemic control. In Type 1 diabetes, this can be achieved by injecting insulin. Oral hypoglycaemic medications that stimulate insulin secretion and/or modify glucose metabolism can be used as a first-line treatment in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, insulin is usually necessary in later phases of the disease. Lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise, are also important. Glycaemic control can be measured by fasting blood glucose levels and also by glycosylated haemoglobin levels. The latter measure gives an indication of glycaemic control over a period of three months, and a reduction in glycosylated haemoglobin is the most appropriate treatment goal in the management of diabetes.

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Tackling the silent epidemic of Type-I Diabetes Mellitus (Type-1 DM) through National Health Programmes- A narrative review of available evidence

Indian Journal of Community Health ◽

10.47203/ijch.2021.v33i02.004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 245-249

Author(s):

Om Prakash Bera ◽

Vandana Shah ◽

Sudip Bhattacharya ◽

Sheikh Mohd Saleem

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type I Diabetes ◽

Surveillance Systems ◽

Type I ◽

Diabetes Research ◽

Age Group ◽

Type 2 Dm ◽

Central Registry

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune ?-cell destruction, usually leading to absolute insulin deficiency, insulin resistance, or by a combination of both. Both the incidence and prevalence of diabetes T1DM is suspected to be high in India, but in the absence of nation-wide registry, the possibility of exact numbers is unsure. Till date, studies done among the population have seen prevalence more than the incidence of the disease, which has led to late screening and diagnosis of the disease within the community settings. India is already suffering from the burden of type 2 DM, in the process of screening those, patients with T1DM are somewhat getting ignored. Furthermore, cost associated with the treatment expenditure and social status of the people suffering from the disease too have a role to consider which has been totally side-lined in national programmes like National Program for Control of Diabetes, Cardiovascular disease, and Stroke (NPCDCS). There is also scarcity of data on the incidence of T1DM which could aid in formulating better policy avenues for the patients suffering from the disease. Reports on trends in T1DM are more commonly available from countries with better established public health surveillance systems and diabetes research infrastructure. From India, due to scarcity of data on T1DM, we had to rely on published literature of some major centers across the country. Results from the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) first phase, till July 2011 which included 5546 patients found T1DM among 63.9% cases and predominately among children; at registration 11.1% had already developed chronic complication of T1DM. As India is already suffering from the burden of type 2 DM, during current management and treatment, the problem lies at various levels which needs to be addressed. We propose a setting based, life course approach for T1DM where every age group will have access to the health care system either directly or indirectly from intra-natal life till elderly age group through health approach based on scientific methods delivered through health system. In this regard a central registry having enumeration and provisioning of mandatory Insulin to all through a national policy being implemented by NPCDCS is what policy makers must take up at urgent bases if we want to bend the curve of rising T1DM and prevalence of overall diabetes in India.

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