scholarly journals Estimation of Erosion Using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) Method in the Ranu Pani Watershed in the Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Qowam Mutashim Maulana ◽  
Zaenal Kusuma ◽  
Kurniawan Sigitt Wicaksono
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Granular Soil ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Erosion Hazard ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Very High

The land problem that commonly occurs in Ranu Pani Watershed is erosion. Ranu Pani Watershed is an area located in the mountains with very high soil erosion. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct good management in the upstream and downstream areas. The first step before carrying out the management is to analyze the occurrence of erosion in the Ranu Pani Watershed. The purpose of this research was to predict the potential erosion and the distribution of spatial data.. The results of the research showed that the erosivity value in the Ranu Pani Watershed was 961.44 and heavy to very heavy class (0.50-0.77) of erodibility, soil texture was dominated by silt, fine granular soil structure, and moderate dominant permeability. 56.80% of the area (158.27 ha) has a slop class III (15-30%) with the land cover are natural forest with lots of litter, grasslands, shrubs, and fields of onions and potatoes. Land management is managed cultivation follows the contour line but without conservation. The result of the calculation showed that almost all areas have potential erosion value exceed the permissible erosion determination, with the potential erosion value are 1.92-4246.28 tha-1 yr-1, the range of permissible erosion value are 0.029- 1.2 tha-1 yr-1, and the erosion hazard index value is 1.57-143442.49. The results of the spatial analysis showed that 64.39% of the area (179.41 ha) has a very heavy erosion hazard class and 69.50% of the area (193.66 ha) has a very high erosion hazard index.

scholarly journals Analisis Tingkat Bahaya Erosi di Sub DAS Simaimai Kabupaten Deli Serdang.

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Fanjosafat Sitohang ◽  
Kamarlin Pinem
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Classification Criteria ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Erosion Hazard ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Hazard Level ◽  
Soil Loss Equation

This study aims to determine, the erosion hazard that occurs and the level of erosion hazard that occurs in the Simaimai Sub-watershed in Deli Serdang Regency. This research was carried out in 2018 in the Simaimai sub-watershed. The population in this study was all land units in the Simaimai Sub-watershed with a sample of 8 land units taken using the Stratified Random Sampling technique. The data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative, namely to describe the erosion hazard using the USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) method and the erosion hazard level by combining erosion hazard values with erosion hazard level classification criteria. The results showed that: (1) the erosion hazard in the Simaimai sub-watershed was divided into four classes. The most dominant erosion hazard class in Simaimai Sub-watershed is class III, which is in 4 land units. While the most extensive erosion hazard class is the class I erosion hazard found in two land units. The heaviest erosion hazard class (IV) is found in AnLKIV land units. While the smallest erosion hazard class is class II erosion hazard. (2) the level of erosion hazard in the Simaimai watershed includes erosion levels of very light (SR), mild (R), moderate (S), heavy (B) and very heavy (SB).

scholarly journals KAJIAN KONDISI BIOFOSIK LAHAN DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI DI SUBDAS CIUJUNG HULU, PROVINSI BANTEN

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Egidius Naitkakin ◽  
Latief Mahir Rachman ◽  
Yayat Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
Erosion Hazard ◽  
Erosion Index ◽  
Very High

The upstream of a watershed is a buffer zone and it protects the whole watershed. The degradation of a watershed is caused by uncotrolled uses of the land and exploitation of the nature resources such as forest, land, and water. It causes the changes in the carrying capacity of the watershed, especially in biophysical aspects. This research aims to study the watershed biophysical condition in Ciujung Hulu Watershed, Banten Province. Biophysical condition analyzed using Forestry Minister Regulation P.61/Menhut-II/2014 for degraded land class, land cover percentage, and Erosion Hazard Index. The condition of the land, such as degraded land, vegetation cover, and erosion index, analyzed using modification of Forestry Minister Regulation Perdirjen BPDAS PS Nomor P.4/V-SET/2013. The result of the study showed that the percentage of degraded land, vegetation cover percentage, and erosion index were 25,85% (severe degraded land), 9,77% (very low covered), and 30,89 (Very high).

scholarly journals Bank erosion of the Tŕstie stream: BANCS model predictions vs. real bank erosion

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Zuzana Allmanová ◽  
Mária Vlčková ◽  
Martin Jankovský ◽  
Matúš Jakubis ◽  
Michal Allman
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Bank Erosion ◽  
Water Stream ◽  
The Real ◽  
Erosion Hazard ◽  
Erosion Prediction ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Very High ◽  
Sufficient Precision

Abstract This paper focused on predicting the bank erosion through the Bank Assessment for Non-point source Consequences of Sediment (BANCS) model on the Tŕstie water stream, located in the western Slovakia. In 2014, 18 experimental sections were established on the stream. These were assessed through the Bank Erosion Hazard Index (BEHI) and the Near Bank Stress (NBS) index. Based on the data we gathered, we constructed two erosion prediction curves. One was for BEHI categories low and moderate, and one for high, very high, and extreme BEHI. Erosion predicted through the model correlated strongly with the real annual bank erosion – for low and moderate BEHI, the R2 was 0.51, and for high, very high and extreme BEHI, the R2 was 0.66. Our results confirmed that the bank erosion can be predicted with sufficient precision on said stream through the BANCS model.

scholarly journals Silvicultural, hydro-orological and economic aspects of a combination of vegetative (Falcataria moluccana-Vigna cylindrica) and terrace systems in soils of different slopes

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karyati Karyati ◽  
Sri Sarminah ◽  
Karmini Karmini ◽  
Rujehan Rujehan ◽  
Vebi Fitriana Eko Lestari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Steep Slope ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Erosion Hazard ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Ground Coverage ◽  
Hazard Level

Abstract. Karyati, Sarminah S, Karmini, Rujehan, Lestari VFE, Panorama WS. 2019. Silvicultural, hydro-orological and economic aspects of a combination of vegetative (Falcataria moluccana-Vigna cylindrica) and terrace systems in soils of different slopes. Biodiversitas 20: xxxx. Soil and water conservation techniques involving a combination of vegetative and mechanical systems will increase the benefits from both conservation aspect as well as economic aspect. This study was aimed at analyzing the silvicultural, hydro-orological and economic aspects of a combination of vegetative (Falcataria moluccana-Vigna cylindrica) and terrace system in soils of different slopes (a steep and a very steep slope gradient). The silvicultural parameters examined in this study were the ground coverage of V. cylindrica growth and survival rate, stem diameter and height of F. moluccana trees. The hydro-orological parameters included erosion rate, erosion hazard index, erosion hazard class, and erosion hazard level. The economic parameters included total cost, total revenue, and profit. The result showed that the survival rate, diameter increment and height increment of F. moluccana, and ground coverage of V. cylindrica in the land with the steep slope (>25-45%) was 90%, 2.02 cm year-1, 1.54 m year-1, and 80-90%, respectively. The erosion rate, erosion hazard index, erosion hazard class, and erosion hazard level in this steep slope was 0.38 ton ha year-1, 0.03 (low), I (very low), and very low, respectively. In the steeper ground (>45%), the survival rate of F. moluccana reached 90%, the V. cylindrica coverage was 70-79% and the diameter and height increment of F. moluccana was 1.63 cm year-1 and 1.19 m year-1, respectively. The erosion rate was 1.81 ton ha-1 year-1, erosion hazard index of 0.13 (low), erosion hazard class was I (very low), and erosion hazard level was low in the very steep slope land. The profit from V. cylindrica was Rp 3,865,000.00 ha-1 cropping season-1 and Rp 665,000.00 ha-1 cropping season-1 in steep slope and very steep slope, respectively. The application of the proposed combination of vegetative and terrace system could reduce surface runoff and erosion rate in the long term, in addition to providing short term economic benefits.

scholarly journals DESEMPENHO DO ÍNDICE DE PERIGO DE INCÊNDIOS FMA NO PARQUE NACIONAL DA CHAPADA DOS GUIMARÃES-MT

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Arlindo De Paula Machado Neto ◽  
Ronaldo Viana Soares ◽  
Antonio Carlos Batista ◽  
Daniela Biondi ◽  
Anderson Pedro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
National Park ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Skill Score ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
High Hazard ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Very High

O estudo teve como objetivo, analisar o desempenho da Fórmula de Monte Alegre (FMA) no Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Guimarães (PNCG) de 2005 a 2014. Os dados meteorológicos utilizados para o cálculo da FMA foram obtidos no banco de dados históricos do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET), da estação meteorológica localizada no município de Cuiabá. Dos 3.650 dias avaliados, as classes de perigo nulo e pequeno ocorreram em média 52,97%, enquanto as classes de perigo médio, alto e muito alto ocorreram em média em 47,23%. Foi observado que o índice previu um maior número de dias concentrados nas classes “nulo”, indicando que a fórmula necessita de ajustes nas classes de perigo do índice. O valor obtido para o skill score foi de 0,0333 e a porcentagem de sucesso apresentou um valor de 54,22. Observou-se que dos 23.737,76 ha queimados, 98,63% foram queimados quando o índice apresentou um grau de perigo muito alto. Apesar de necessitar de ajustes, a FMA apresentou um bom desempenho, com 67,41% dos incêndios ocorrendo nos dias em que o índice indicava a classe de perigo “muito alto”, demonstrando que a fórmula pode ser adotada como subsídio de prevenção dos incêndios florestais no parque.Palavra-chave: incêndios florestais, unidade de conservação, porcentagem de sucesso. PERFORMANCE OF THE FMA FIRE HAZARD INDEX AT CHAPADA DOS GUIMARÃES-MT NATIONAL PARK ABSTRACT:The objective of this study was to analyze the performance of the Monte Alegre Formula (FMA) in the National Park of Chapada dos Guimarães (PNCG) from 2005 to 2014. The meteorological data used to calculate the AMF were obtained from the historical database of the Institute National Meteorological Service (INMET), of the meteorological station located in the city of Cuiabá. Of the 3,650 days evaluated, the null and small hazard classes occurred on average 52.97%, while the medium, high and very high hazard classes occurred on average at 47.23%. It was observed that the index predicted a higher number of days concentrated in the "null" classes, indicating that the formula needs to be adjusted in the hazard classes of the index. The value obtained for the skill score was 0.0333 and the success percentage presented a value of 54.22. It was observed that of the 23,737,76 ha burned, 98.63% were burned when the index presented a very high degree of danger. Despite the need for adjustments, the FMA performed well, with 67.41% of the fires occurring on days when the index indicated the "very high" hazard class, demonstrating that the formula can be adopted as a fire prevention subsidy forest in the park.Keywords: forest fires, conservation unit, percentage of success. DOI:

scholarly journals Risk assessment of Ni, Cr, and Si release from alkaline minerals during enhanced weathering

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-175
Author(s):  
Fatima Haque ◽  
Yi Wai Chiang ◽  
Rafael M. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Silicate Minerals ◽  
Guideline Value ◽  
Quality Guideline ◽  
Index Value

AbstractCalcium- and magnesium-rich alkaline silicate minerals, when applied to soil, can aid in carbon dioxide sequestration via enhanced weathering. The weathering of these silicate minerals is also associated with the release of heavy metals such as Ni and Cr, depending on the composition of the parent rock, and also labile Si. This paper critically analyses the risk associated with the release of Ni, Cr, and Si from alkaline silicate minerals as a result of enhanced weathering to evaluate its potential to be applied as a soil amendment. Based on the available data in the literature, this study evaluates the soil contamination level and quantifies the risk these elements pose to human health as well as the environment. To assess these potential threat levels, the geoaccumulation index was applied, along with the method recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency for health risk assessment. The main findings of this study indicate the potential release of Ni, Cr, and Si to exceed the soil quality guideline value. The geochemical index suggests that the analyzed samples are in the class 0–3 and represents sites that lie between uncontaminated zones to highly contaminated zones. The hazard index value for Ni and Cr is greater than unity, which suggests that Ni and Cr release poses a non-carcinogenic risk. The probability of labile Si concentration in the soil to exceed the critical value is found to be 75%.

scholarly journals Mandibular Asymmetry in Different Occlusion Patterns

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 803-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Said Sezgin ◽  
Peruze Celenk ◽  
Selim Arici
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Mandibular Asymmetry ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Division 2

Abstract Objective: To investigate the effects of different occlusion types on the mandibular asymmetry in young individuals. Materials and Methods: Mandibular asymmetry measurements were performed on the panoramic radiographs of 189 subjects (104 females and 85 males; age range, 11–15 years), with different occlusion patterns. The subjects were divided into five groups according to the occlusion types, namely, Angle Class I (Cl I), Class II division 1 (Cl II/1), Class II division 2 (Cl II/2), Class III (Cl III), and normal occlusions. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine the possible statistically significant differences between the groups for condyle, ramus, and condyle-plus-ramus asymmetry index measurements. Identified differences between groups were further analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test at the 95% confidence interval (P < .05). Results: There were no statistically significant differences between male and female subjects. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the occlusion type had a significant effect on the condylar asymmetry. In Cl II/1 cases, condylar asymmetry values were significantly different from the values of Cl II/2 and Cl III malocclusion and normal occlusion types. The normal occlusion control group was significantly different from those of Cl II/1 and the Cl I malocclusion groups. Conclusion: Cl II/1 malocclusion has a significant effect on the condylar asymmetry index when compared to Cl II/2 and Cl III malocclusion and normal occlusion types. However, the mean condylar asymmetry index value in Cl II/1 malocclusion was not different from Cl I malocclusion.

CYSTIC FIBROSIS OF THE PANCREAS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1136-1138
Author(s):  
Paul A. di Sant'Agnese ◽  
Charles Upton Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Clinical Effect ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Pancreatic Insufficiency ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
The United States ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Very High

IN THE COURSE of a review of all features of the disease, the following points were particularly noteworthy: Incidence This disease accounts for almost all cases of pancreatic insufficiency in children. The incidence in the population of the United States is between 1 in 600 and 1 in 10,000 live births, with a probable average incidence of 1 in 2,500. There is no sex predominance. There is, however, a difference in racial predilection, being rarely seen in the Negro and never in Mongolians. It is a familial disease, displaying the characteristics of a mendelian recessive gene. This means that in an affected family the disease may occur in approximately 25% of the offspring, that both parents must be carriers of the trait and that two-thirds of the non-affected children are also carriers. Birth order has no effect on the inheritance of this disease. The fact that it is usually a lethal disease indicates that the mutation rate for this gene must be very high; the frequency of the single gene in the population has been calculated to be approximately 1 in 50. Pancreatic Insufficiency Clinical evidence of poor digestion and absorption of protein and fat is seen in the increased quantities of these substances in the feces, which causes the feces to be bulky, foul smelling, foamy and greasy. Another clinical effect of malabsorption is seen in the failure of the newborn infant with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas to regain birth weight in the first 10 days of life. In the absence of other evidence of disease, this is a sign suggestive of pancreatic failure.

scholarly journals Incidence of Cardiotoxicity and Validation of the Heart Failure Association- International Cardio-Oncology Society risk stratification Tool in Patients Treated with Trastuzumab for HER2-Positive Early Breast Cancer.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolò Matteo Luca Battisti ◽  
Maria Sol Andres ◽  
Karla A Lee ◽  
Tharshini Ramalingam ◽  
Tamsin Nash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Early Breast Cancer ◽  
Nyha Class ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Her2 Positive ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Very High

Abstract PurposeTrastuzumab improves survival in patients with HER2+ early breast cancer. However, cardiotoxicity remains a concern, particularly in the curative setting, and there are limited data on its incidence outside of clinical trials. We retrospectively evaluated the cardiotoxicity rates (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] decline, congestive heart failure [CHF], cardiac death or trastuzumab discontinuation) and assessed the performance of a proposed model to predict cardiotoxicity in routine clinical practice.MethodsPatients receiving curative trastuzumab between 2011-2018 were identified. Demographics, treatments, assessments and toxicities were recorded. Fisher’s exact test, chi-squared and logistic regression were used.Results931 patients were included in the analysis. Median age was 54 years (range 24-83) and Charlson comorbidity index 0 (0-6), with 195 patients (20.9%) aged 65 or older. 228 (24.5%) were smokers. Anthracyclines were given in 608 (65.3%). Median number of trastuzumab doses was 18 (1-18). The HFA-ICOS cardiovascular risk was low in 401 patients (43.1%), medium in 454 (48.8%), high in 70 (7.5%) and very high in 6 (0.6%).Overall, 155 (16.6%) patients experienced cardiotoxicity: LVEF decline≥10% in 141 (15.1%), falling below 50% in 55 (5.9%), CHF NYHA class II in 42 (4.5%) and class III-IV in 5 (0.5%) and discontinuation due to cardiac reasons in 35 (3.8%). No deaths were observed.Cardiotoxicity rates increased with HFA-ICOS score (14.0% low, 16.7% medium, 30.3% high/very high; p=0.002). ConclusionsCardiotoxicity was relatively common (16.6%), but symptomatic heart failure on trastuzumab was rare in our cohort. The HFA-ICOS score identifies patients at high risk of cardiotoxicity

scholarly journals Analisis Perkembangan Kasus COVID-19 Berkaitan dengan Kebijakan Pemerintah di Pulau Jawa

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-12
Author(s):  
Charvia Ismi Zahrani ◽  
Setia Pramana
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
High Increase ◽  
Public Places ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Restriction ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Death Cases ◽  
Very High

AbstractCOVID-19 is a serious problem that faced by almost all countries in the world. Since announced as a pandemic by WHO on March, the number of positive COVID-19 cases in Indonesia has reached 287,008 patients until the end of September 2020. COVID-19 cases dispersion depends on the local government policies and the awareness of the public to obey. About 60 percent of positive cases and 65 percent of death cases were in Java. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the growth of the COVID-19 case in Java from March to September 2020 in relation to the local government policies. The results showed that six provinces in Java had the same pattern. The large-scale social restriction (PSBB), which was implemented since April 10 2020, seen to be able to contain the dispersion of cases because from April to June the positive cases did not increase significantly. A very high increase occurred in August and September, this was probably due to the easing of the PSBB become new-normal where various public places and facilities have been reopened. Meanwhile, death cases, the number is very high in mid-April and June and late July to September 2020. For cured cases, there was a significant increase in late August to September 2020. The importance of information about the growth of the COVID-19 cases can help government to formulate strategies and policies to prevent the dispersion of COVID-19.Keyword: COVID-19, Pandemic, Java, cases growth AbstrakCOVID-19 merupakan suatu masalah serius yang sedang dihadapi oleh hampir seluruh negara. Sejak diumumkan sebagai pandemi oleh WHO pada Maret lalu, jumlah kasus positif COVID-19 di Indonesia mencapai 287.008 pasien hingga akhir September. Penyebaran kasus COVID-19 sangat bergantung pada kebijakan yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah serta kesadaran masyarakat untuk mematuhinya. Sebesar 60 persen kasus positif dan 65 persen kasus meninggal berada di Pulau Jawa. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis perkembangan kasus COVID-19 di Pulau Jawa sejak Bulan Maret-September 2020 dikaitkan dengan kebijakan pemerintah setempat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keenam provinsi memiliki pola yang sama. Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) yang dilakukan sejak 10 April 2020 terlihat dapat menahan penyebaran kasus karena pada bulan April-Juni 2020 kasus positif tidak mengalami kenaikan yang signifikan. Kenaikan yang sangat tinggi terjadi pada bulan Agustus dan September 2020, hal ini mungkin disebabkan oleh dilonggarkannya kebijakan PSBB menjadi PSBB Transisi dimana berbagai tempat dan fasilitas umum telah dibuka kembali. Sementara untuk kasus meninggal, angka tertinggi terjadi pada pertengahan April dan Juni serta akhir Juli hingga September 2020. Untuk kasus sembuh, terjadi peningkatan yang signifikan pada akhir Agustus hingga September 2020. Pentingnya informasi tentang perkembangan kasus COVID-19 ini dapat membantu pemerintah daerah untuk membuat strategi dan kebijakan untuk mencegah penyebaran rantai virus COVID-19.Kata Kunci: COVID-19, Pandemi, Jawa, perkembangan kasus 

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