scholarly journals Microbial Contamination Analysis of Mobile Phones from certain Users of Chattogram, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1550-1556
Author(s):  
Mohammad Zobaidul Alam

Mobile phone is an essential part of everyday life in modern days. Mobile phones act as vehicles for transmitting pathogenic bacteria due to lack of awareness and widespread use. This study aimed to investigate the bacterial contamination of mobile phones of different categories people at Chattogram city, Bangladesh. During the present study, 40 swab samples were collected from the mobile phones of students, businessmen, fishermen, and hospital patients for the isolation, identification of mobile phone associated bacteria, and their antibiogram. In our study, total viable count (TVC) was performed by the pour plate method and total coliform count (TCC) by the most probable number (MPN) method. Besides these, five selective media were used to isolate pathogenic bacteria from mobile phones and then identified. Antibiotic sensitivity assay was performed by disc diffusion method with 10 different antibiotics. Mobile phones of hospital patients (20165 cfu/ml) and students (1578 cfu/ml) showed the highest and lowest TVC respectively. Coliform bacteria were detected from the mobile phones of 100% hospital patients, 90% from both businessmen, and fishermen but only 30% from students. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found the most prevalent bacteria but Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Micrococcus sp., Bacillus sp., E. coli, Salmonella sp., Citrobacter sp., Serratia sp., Proteus sp., and Enterobacter sp. were also detected. Almost all the isolates were highly resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, rifampin, erythromycin and sensitive to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, azithromycin, and tetracycline. Our findings ensure that mobile phones act as an important source of pathogenic organisms for humans and can serve as a vehicle for cross-transmission of microbiota. So, washing hands before and after handling food and also personal hygiene is very important.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Aulya ◽  
Fadhliani Fadhliani ◽  
Vivi Mardina

Water is the main source for life and also the most severe substance caused by pollution. The mandatory parameters for determining microbiological quality of drinking water are total non-fecal Coliform bacteria and Coliform fecal (Escherichia coli). Coliform bacteria are a group of microorganisms commonly used as indicators, where these bacteria can be a signal to determine whether a water source has been contaminated by bacteria or not, while fecal Coliform bacteria are indicator bacteria polluting pathogenic bacteria originating from human feces and warm-blooded animals (mammals) . The water inspection method in this study uses the MPN (Most Probable Number) method which consists of 3 tests, namely, the presumption test, the affirmation test, and the reinforcement test. The results showed that of 15 drinking water samples 8 samples were tested positive for Coliform bacteria with the highest total bacterial value of sample number 1, 15 (210/100 ml), while 7 other samples were negative. From 8 positive Coliform samples only 1 sample was stated to be negative fecal Coliform bacteria and 7 other samples were positive for Coliform fecal bacteria with the highest total bacterial value of sample number 1 (210/100 ml).


2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Oktavia Djasmi ◽  
Roslaili Rasyid ◽  
Eliza Anas

Abstrak Higinitas penjual dan sanitasi lingkungan yang kurang bersih memungkinkan minuman tebu terkontaminasi oleh bakteri patogen. Lokasi penjualan minuman tebu pinggiran jalan yang terbanyak terletak di jalan Khatib Sulaiman kota Padang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan kualitas minuman tebu apakah sesuai dengan persyaratanmikrobiologi.  Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode indeks Most Probable Number (MPN) di bagian Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas Padang. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh penjual minuman tebu yang ada, yaitu sepuluh minuman tebu yang berasal dari lima pedagang. Sepuluh sampel terdiridari lima minuman tebu yang dicampur es dan lima minuman tebu yang tidak dicampur es. Pemeriksaan MPN yang telah dilakukan terdiri dari dua tes, yaitu: tes presumtif dan tes konfirmatif. Hasilnya adalah seluruh sampel positif mengandung bakteri Coliform dan E. coli. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah air tebu yang dijual di pinggiran jalan Khatib Sulaiman Padang belum memenuhi standar kelayakan konsumsi secara bakteriologis dan terdapat perbedaan indeks MPN antara minuman tebu yang dicampur es dengan yang tidak dicampur es.Kata kunci: tes MPN, air tebu, hygiene Abstract Pathogenic bacteria can contaminate the sugar cane juice by the less hygiene and environmental sanitation of the sellers. There are a lot of people selling sugar cane juice in Padang, mostly in Khatib Sulaiman. The objective of this study was to determine the quality of the sugar cane juice accordance to microbiological requirements. This descriptive study was using the most probable number (MPN) index method and conducted in Microbiology Laboratory of Medical Faculty, Andalas University Padang.The sample in this study is all of sellers, which is ten cane juices fromfive sellers. Ten samples consists of five sugar cane water with ice and sugar cane water without ice MPN test was done by two tests, the presumptive test and the confirmative test. The result showed that all samples contained coliform bacteria and E.coli. The conclusion of this study is sugarca ne juice which is sold on roadside of Khatib Sulaiman is not worthy to microbiological standards for consumption and there is a difference between the MPN index sugar cane water with ice and sugar cane without ice.Keywords: MPN test, cane juice, hygiene


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 4451-4462
Author(s):  
Rajani Chowdary Akkina ◽  
Payala Vijayalakshmi ◽  
Vidyullatha Peddireddy

Drinking water contamination at the level of storage points poses a potential threat to the hospital environment as it can lodge some resistant pathogenic microorganisms that may cause hospital acquired infections. The study analyzed the physico-chemical and microbiological parameters of drinking water samples collected from the main water storage points from ten different local hospitals in and around Visakhapatnam using standard protocols. The samples were processed within 2 hours after collection and the identification of pathogenic bacteria was performed through Most Probable Number (MPN) method, cultural characteristics and biochemical reactions. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out by Agar well diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. In the current study, all the tested ten water samples cross the permissible MPN count indicating that the water samples were not potable for drinking purpose and needs further and better disinfection procedures. Among the isolated pathogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited highest sensitivity to antibiotics imipenem (50%) and tetracycline (50%) and resistance towards other tested antibiotics, whereas E.coli showed 100% susceptibility to imipenem and 100% resistance to ampicillin. Out of ten isolated strains of Proteus species, majority have exhibited 80% resistance to ampicillin and Tetracycline and 80% sensitivity to imipenem. All the four isolated strains of Shigella species expressed 100% resistance to ampicillin and 75% sensitivity to imipenem, meropenem, azithromycin, linezolid, vancomycin and chloramphenicol. The five isolated strains of Vibrio species showed 100% resistance to ampicillin and 80% sensitivity to imipenem, doxycycline and tetracycline. Greater part of the isolates were multidrug resistant isolates.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 570-576
Author(s):  
Zakarie Ahmed Hussein ◽  
Md Khaled Hossain ◽  
Nazmi Ara Rumi ◽  
Md Shajedur Rahman ◽  
Tonmoy Kundu ◽  
...  

Microbes are capable to survive on mobile phone surface and serve as a potential transporter of microorganism amongst handlers. Thus, the study focused on isolation and identification of bacteria from mobile phones of academic and non-academic staffs (including students and cleaners) of Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University Dinajpur, Bangladesh. A total of 32 swab samples of mobile phones were collected. The bacteria isolates were identified on the basis of morphological, cultural and biochemical characterization. The total viable count (TVC) of different swab samples of mobile phones in different categories were ranged from 73×10-6 CFU/ml to 260×10-6 CFU/ml. Analysis revealed that, among the samples 21 (25.6%) isolates were Staphylococcus spp, 17 (20.7%) were Bacillus spp, 16 (19.5%) were Klebsiella spp, 15 (18%) were Pseudomonas spp and 13 (15.85%) were Salmonella spp. Additionally, antibiotic sensitivity test revealed the bacteria isolates were resistant to Penicillin, Amoxicillin, Cefaclor, Ofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin. The findings suggest that all the samples under observation were highly susceptible to a number of microbes belongs to the natural flora of human body. Hence, it is encouraged to avoid mobile phone handling while eating. Last but not the least, personal hygiene is highly recommended, as mobile phone can be a potential source of disease transmission. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. September 2020, 6(3): 570-576


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratna Ratna ◽  
Rahmawati Rahmawati ◽  
Mukarlina Mukarlina

Iced squeezed orange drinks is one one of processed drinks that made from orange. Good drinking water should not contain pathogenic bacteria or organisms that may harm human health. Coliform is one ofbacteria that may cause disease in humans and being used as indicator bacteria of pathogenic bacteria. This research was aimed to know the MPN value number of coliform bacteria and to identify the bacterial presence of genus Escherichia in iced squeezed orange drinks sold in Pontianak City. The sampling used random sampling method. MPN method was used in order to know the number of coliform in iced squeezed orange drinks in Pontianak City. MPN test result obtained the lowest index value of MPN/mL was 0,14/mL in sample in subdistrict Pontianak City and the highest index value in four subdistricts in Pontianak City was MPN/mL >24,00/mL. It was showed that five samples exceed normal limits in accordance with SNI standards SNI 01-3839-1995 based on Permenkes No 492/MENKES/per/IV/2010. Identification resultshowed the bacterial genus of coliform obtained was member of genus Escherichia.


Author(s):  
Abdul Rahman Ollong ◽  
John Arnold Palulungan ◽  
Rizki Arizona

Abstract Beef and chicken meat are potential as a medium for microbial growth such as coliform bacteria since it has a high nutrients content. Coliform bacteria in a given amount could be used as a hygienic indicator and a sign for the presence of pathogenic bacteria. The aimed of this research was to determine the amount of coliform and Escherichia coli on fresh beef and broiler chicken. The bacterial tests included qualitative tests as presumptive test, confirmed test, completed test whereas quantitavely test as Most Probable Number (MPN) to test the number of coliform and faecal coli. The results showed that pH in beef meat is normal and chicken meat shows under normal pH (pH in beef anf chicken meat are  5,7 – 5,98).   Coliform and faecal coli bacteria was detected in 100% of samples had MPN values > 1 MPN/g. It means that the value do not meet eligibility criteria consumption. The high number of Coliform and faecal coli contamination in beef and chicken meat were supposed in relation with market sanitation, cross contamination with other food, low knowledge about hygiene.  Keywords: Number of coliform; Beef and chicken; Traditional market   Abstrak Daging sapi dan ayam memiliki kandungan nutrisi yang tinggi sehingga menjadi media yang baik untuk pertumbuhan mikroba. Salah satu jenis bakteri yang sering mengkontaminasi yaitu coliform dan faecal coli yang merupakan indikator higienis dan sebagai tanda keberadaan bakteri patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung jumlah coliform dan faecal coli pada sampel daging sapi dan ayam yang dijual di pasar traditional kota Manokwari menggunakan uji kualitatif yaitu uji presumptive test, confirmed test, completed test sedangkan kuantitatif yaitu Most Probable Number (MPN) untuk menguji jumlah coliform dan faecal coli. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai pH daging sapi dalam kisaran normal dan pH ayam tergolong rendah yang semuanya pada kisaran 5,7 – 5,98; dan  100% sampel daging sapi, ayam dan pedagang daging terkontaminasi bakteri coliform dan faecal coli dengan nilai MPN yang tidak memenuhi kriteria kelayakan konsumsi, yakni > 1 MPN/g. Tingginya cemaran coliform dan faecal coli pada daging sapi dan ayam terkait dengan faktor kualitas sanitasi pasar, kontaminasi silang dengan bahan makanan lain dan pengetahuan higienitas yang rendah. Kata kunci : Jumlah coliform dan faecal coli; Daging sapi dan ayam; Pasar Tradisional


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. a13-19
Author(s):  
ELEXSON NILLIAN ◽  
AMIZA NUR ◽  
DIYANA NUR ◽  
AMIRAH ZAKIRAH ◽  
GRACE BEBEY

Contamination of drinks with E. coli O157:H7 served in food premises such as restaurants can cause haemorrhagic colitis and haemolytic uremic syndrome to humans. The presence or absence of faecal pathogen was demonstrated using coliform group as indicator microorganisms. Therefore, this study was conducted to detect the presence of E. coli O157:H7 in drinking water from food restaurant premise in Kota Samarahan and Kuching to ensure safe and potable drinking water is served to the consumer. A total of thirty (n=30) drink samples including six types of each of the samples are cold plain water, iced tea, iced milo, syrup and iced milk tea. Most Probable Number (MPN) procedure was used in this study to enumerate the MPN values of coliform bacteria in each drink collected. A total of 53.33% (16/30) of the drink samples showed positive E. coli detection. Then, the PCR assay showed 6.25% (one out of 16 isolates) samples were positive and carried stx1 gene produced by E. coli O157:H7 in iced milo sample types. This study showed the drinks collected from food premises was contaminated with faecal contamination, which was not safe to drink by the consumer. Therefore, preventive actions should be taken to prevent foodborne illness outbreak in future


2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Nenengsih Verawati ◽  
Nur Aida ◽  
Ridha Aufa

Tofu is a high-protein soy-based food ingredient that is widely consumed in Indonesia. Tofu producers in Delta Pawan Subdistrict are dominated by small and medium-sized entrepreneurs whose hygiene and sanitation aspects in production activities are very under-taken. This study aims to determine the presence of Coliform and Salmonella Sp bacteria on tofu produced in Delta Pawan sub-district, Ketapang, West Kalimantan and compare with SNI01-3142-1998. The method used to detect the presence of Coliform bacteria in this study uses the Most Probable Number (MPN) method, which consists of estimator and confirmatory tests using Lactosa Broth (LB) media for the Brilliant Green Lactose Broth (BGLB) assay test for confirmation . Whereas to detect the amount of Salmonella Sp using the method of Total Plate Count (TPC) with selective media Salmonella Shigella Agar (SSA). The results of Coliform analysis in both industries found Coliform MPN values ​​of more than 2400 AMP / g samples, which indicated that they did not meet the standards set by SNI. While the results of the analysis of Salmonella Sp obtained positive results, so the two industries did not meet food safety standards.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 59

The determination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in Klang river water in Klang valley is performed as the river exposed to various environments. The analysis is performed through enumeration, isolation, and identification process. The water samples were obtained from the origin of the river, housing region, and hospital region. The coliforms obtained through enumeration and identification was then used to determine antibiotic sensitivity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). The level of coliforms was indicated through the most probable number (MPN), which 70 MPN per 100 ml of river water in the origin of the river while housing and hospital regions showed more than 1600 MPN per 100 ml of river water. The results obtained from the antibiotic sensitivity test showed that the degree of resistance of coliforms is varied in different regions. The zone of inhibition to ampicillin and tetracyclin for coliforms in housing regions is 20 mm, while the coliforms in the hospital region are 6 mm and 7 mm, respectively. The overall results showed that the level of coliforms and the antibiotic sensitivity of coliforms are different in various regions. The coliforms in the hospital region are more resistant to antibiotics compared to the housing region.


1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 563-563
Author(s):  
E. P. MERRILL

Of 658 individual water supplies tested over an 8-year period, 69% of drilled wells, 62% of driven wells, 27% of dug wells and 32% of springs were judged acceptable on the basis of a single test for total coliforms. The acceptability standard consisted of 0 to 1 coliforms/100 ml of sample by the membrane filter method or a Most Probable Number index of less than 2.2 (presumptive and confirmed tests).


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