scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Metabolites Extracted from Marine Actinomycetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1673-1679
Author(s):  
Jehan Alrahimi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Marine Actinomycetes ◽  
Biological Drugs ◽  
Soil System ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Promising Source

Actinomycetes are free-living bacteria that are widely distributed and found in several habitats. These bacteria are essential organism in soil system, they contribute to agroindustry as the origin of active compounds. Their economical and biotechnological importance lies in the production of bioactive secondary metabolites including anticancer, insecticides, and antibiotic agents, such Actinomycetes–derived agents have been commonly used in both medical and industrial fields. Mainly, different Actinomycetes species isolated from coastal habitats are found to be novel sources of antibiotics. Thus, further investigating Actinomycetes will provide a better understanding of the physiological features and chemical composition of marine Actinomycetes. It also enables to use of large synthetic libraries of derived molecules (e.g., secondary metabolites) to develop biological drugs to combat advanced bacterial infections. Actinomycetes can produce more powerful biological compounds of medicinal and economic importance; moreover, it can provide insight into new antibiotics against different types of pathogens that cause infection to humans and support human health by overcoming complications caused by pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance. In particular, Actinomycetes of marine origin are a promising source of biomedical microbial products and natural products with an interesting microbial activity against many other pathogenic causing microorganisms. They are diverse in nature and have unique chemical compositions. During the past years, many new anti-microbial agents were discovered and deemed powerful therapeutic agents. The discovery of bioactive compounds continues to increase. However, the underlying potential of Actinomycetes has yet to be found. Therefore, this work conducts a review of the antimicrobial activity of metabolites extracted from marine Actinomycetes.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Fungal Extract of The Aspergillus flavus from Hiri Island, North Maluku to Pathogenic Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Sri Sedjati ◽  
Ambariyanto Ambariyanto ◽  
Agus Trianto ◽  
Endang Supriyantini ◽  
Ali Ridlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Inhibition Zones

Antibacterial compounds from sponge association fungi are one of the alternatives to search for new antibiotics against resistant bacteria. This study aims to explore the secondary metabolites potential from sponge association fungi as MDR pathogens antibacterial and to cultivate these fungi using a variety of cultivation media. TE-BO-09.1. Isolate can inhibit 3 bacteria, K. pneumoniae, B subtilis, and S. aureus, but is not able to inhibit E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Cultivation using standard media of Malt Extract Agar (MEA) and media modified from fish broth (M1, M2) and cassava infusion (M3, M4) produce secondary metabolites with varying quantities and antimicrobial activity. The inhibition zone of the produced extract with 500 μg/disc concentration ranged from 7.14 to 10.32 mm. The strongest potential was shown by ethyl acetate extract from isolates cultured with M2 (9 days cultivation), of which is able to produce 10.32 mm inhibition zones against S. aureus and methanol extracts from isolates cultured with M4 (6 days cultivation), and able to produce 10.05 mm inhibition zones against K. pneumoniae. In conclusion, the fungus  Aspergillus flavus can be culture using fish broth added glucose and cassava infusion water added peptone media to potentially produce antibacterial compounds against MDR pathogens.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles Compared to Standard Antibiotics Used in ORL Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 2571-2573
Author(s):  
Alina Andreea Tischer (Tucuina) ◽  
Delia Berceanu Vaduva ◽  
Nicolae Balica ◽  
Alina Heghes ◽  
Adelina Cheveresan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Recorded Data

In recent years, bacterial infections in hospitals have grown particularly due to the development of antibiotic resistance. Recent research targets the discovery of new antibiotics that exhibit broad spectrum of action without adverse effects or minimizing adverse effects. In this study, the activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles against three bacteria commonly found in infectious diseases in the ORL sphere was evaluated. The recorded data revealed an activity comparable to that of the standard antibiotics used in these types of infections, with the observation that the activity of the nanoparticles could also be observed in the particular cases of antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Novel Amides Derivative with Antimicrobial Activity of Piper betle var. nigra Leaves from Indonesia

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Fajar Prasetya ◽  
Supriatno Salam ◽  
Agung Rahmadani ◽  
Kansy Haikal ◽  
Lizma Febrina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Yeast Suspension ◽  
Pathogenic Yeast ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogenic ◽  
Promising Source

Piper betle var. nigra is a tropical plant closely related to the common piper. P. betle has also been dubbed a promising source of natural antioxidants in herbal health products, antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, cytotoxic activity against the cancer cell lines K562 and HL-60, and antileishmanial. The aim of this study to observation Antimicrobial activity and isolation of chemical compound. The antimicrobial activity of P. betle extract was performed by well diffusion method against two oral pathogenic bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis) and opportunistic pathogenic yeast (Candida albicans). The inoculum (bacterial and yeast suspension) was prepared from a 24-h culture on NB for bacterial suspension and on TSB for yeast suspension. Extraction and isolation using various method of chromatography. Isolated compounds were characterized by spectroscopic means. Our study showed antimicrobial activity from crude ethanol extract of leaves P. betle L. var. nigra against two oral pathogenic bacteria and opportunistic pathogenic yeast with concentration 0.5% and 1%. The first report of two new amides derivatives, piperenamide A (1) and piperenamide B (2) in P. betle L. var. nigra.

scholarly journals Bioactivity of pyocyanin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates against a variety of human pathogenic bacteria and fungi species

10.3823/812 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahraa Jaafar Jameel ◽  
Anaam Fuad Hussain ◽  
Muthana Abdulkhader Al-Mahdawi ◽  
Nuha F. Abed Alkerim ◽  
Eman Sabah Abd Alrahman
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Blue Pigment ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Human Infections

Pyocyanin is blue pigment redox active, secondary metabolites produced by P. aeruginosa. The present study investigated the bioactivity of pyocyanin against certain types of bacteria and fungi causing human infections Objectives: Pyocyanin is blue pigment redox active, secondary metabolites produced by P. aeruginosa. The current study deals with biosynthesis, purification and bioactivity of pyocyanin produced by P. aeruginosa. Design: Pyocyanin extraction was done by chloroform method and concentration was determined by multiplying the optical density at 520 nm by 17.072 expressed as µg/ml. Biological activity of pyocyanin was determined by well diffusion procedure. Results: According to the source of infection, results showed that P. aeruginosa were most common in ear infection (30%) followed by wounds (22%), burns (17%), urine (13%) and each in stool and diabetes (9%). In this study the high resistance of  P. aeruginosa  isolates to antibiotics were 19 (82.6 %) to piperacillin followed by 10(43.5%) to aztreonem, 8(34.8%) to meropenem, 6(26.1%) to amikacin, 5(21.7%) to ciprofloxacin then 2(8.7%) to cefotaxime. the urine isolate produced the largest amount of pyocyanin (15.894 µg/ml). pyaocyanin have antimicrobial activity against Pathogenic bacteria: Shigella,  Staphyllococcus aureus and  Staphyllococcus epidermedis. and pathogenic fungi and yeast: Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp., Rhizopus spp, Trichophyton  mentagrophyte, Rhodotorula spp., Alternaria alternate , Trichophyton rubrum and Candida spp Conclusions: cefotaxime is the best antibiotic for P. aeruginosa. Antimicrobial activity of pyocyanin against gram positive more than gram negative bacteria but less than that observed against fungi (molds and yeast).

scholarly journals Agelasines B, D and antimicrobial extract of a marine sponge Agelas sp. from Tahuna Bay, Sangihe Islands, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Balansa ◽  
Stevy Imelda Murniati Wodi ◽  
Frets Jonas Rieuwpassa ◽  
Frans Gruber Ijong
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Marine Sponge ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Drug ◽  
Flash Chromatography ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Strong Antimicrobial Activity

Abstract. Balansa W, Wodi SIM, Rieuwpassa FJ, Ijong FG. 2020. Agelasines B, D and antimicrobial extract of Agelas sp. from Tahuna Bay, Sangihe Islands, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 699-706. The alarming growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria necessitates the discovery of new antibiotics including those for combating life-threatening ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter sp) and fish pathogenic bacteria. This study aimed to identify antimicrobial compounds from an extract of a marine sponge collected from Enepahembang coral reef, Sangihe Islands, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The sponge was identified by DNA barcoding as Agelas sp. and its extract was evaluated against three ESKAPE bacteria (S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, and A. baumannii) and three fish pathogenic bacteria (A. hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda and Vibrio parahaemolyticus), using the standard disk diffusion method. It showed moderate to strong antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (25.3 mm), K. pneumoniae (15.5 mm), A. baumannii (20.2 mm), A. hydrophila (20.5 mm), E. tarda (22.4 mm) and A. salmonicida (21.2 mm). The extract was isolated by chromatographic techniques (column chromatography, flash chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography). The structures and relative stereochemistry of the two compounds were elucidated by HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR data analysis as well as by comparison with reported values. Unfortunately, limited amount of the pure compounds prevented us from further evaluating their antimicrobial activity against the test bacteria. Nevertheless, the crude extract's strong antimicrobial activity, especially against the test Gram-negative bacteria, suggests the importance of this finding in light of the recent antimicrobial drug scarcity but rapid antimicrobial resistance and the emerging paradigm of antimicrobial drug modification, redirection and/or repurposing for discovering new antibiotics particularly against the life-threatening Gram-negative bacteria.

scholarly journals Application of iChip to Grow “Uncultivable” Microorganisms and its Impact on Antibiotic Discovery

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinzhin T. Sherpa ◽  
Caretta J. Reese ◽  
Hamidreza Montazeri Aliabadi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Cultivation Method ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Antibiotic Discovery

Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine, allowing significant progress in healthcare and improvement in life expectancy. Development of antibiotic resistance by pathogenic bacteria is a natural phenomenon; however, the rate of antibiotic resistance emergence is increasing at an alarming rate, due to indiscriminate use of antibiotics in healthcare, agriculture and even everyday products. Traditionally, antibiotic discovery has been conducted by screening extracts of microorganisms for antimicrobial activity. However, this conventional source has been over-used to such an extent that it poses the risk of “running out” of new antibiotics. Aiming to increase access to a greater diversity of microorganisms, a new cultivation method with an in situ approach called iChip has been designed. The iChip has already isolated many novel organisms, as well as Teixobactin, a novel antibiotic with significant potency against gram-positive bacteria.This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

scholarly journals Terpene Derivatives as a Potential Agent against Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Pathogens

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (14) ◽  
pp. 2631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nik Amirah Mahizan ◽  
Shun-Kai Yang ◽  
Chew-Li Moo ◽  
Adelene Ai-Lian Song ◽  
Chou-Min Chong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Therapeutic Practice ◽  
Bactericidal Effects ◽  
Terpene Derivatives

The evolution of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pathogens has prompted extensive research to find alternative therapeutics. Plants rich with natural secondary metabolites are one of the go-to reservoirs for discovery of potential resources to alleviate this problem. Terpenes and their derivatives comprising of hydrocarbons, are usually found in essential oils (EOs). They have been reported to have potent antimicrobial activity, exhibiting bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects against tested pathogens. This brief review discusses the activity of terpenes and derivatives against pathogenic bacteria, describing the potential of the activity against AMR followed by the possible mechanism exerted by each terpene class. Finally, ongoing research and possible improvisation to the usage of terpenes and terpenoids in therapeutic practice against AMR are discussed.

scholarly journals Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity of N-Terminal Derivatives of a Novel Brevinin-1 Peptide from The Skin Secretion of Odorrana schmackeri

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Zhou ◽  
Yue Liu ◽  
Yitian Gao ◽  
Yuanxing Wang ◽  
Qiang Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Skin Secretion ◽  
Amphibian Skin ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives ◽  
Promising Source

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising therapeutic alternatives compared to conventional antibiotics for the treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infections. However, the application of the overwhelming majority of AMPs is limited because of the high toxicity and high manufacturing costs. Amphibian skin secretion has been proven to be a promising source for the discovery and development of novel AMPs. Herein, we discovered a novel AMP from the skin secretion of Odorrana schmackeri, and designed the analogues by altering the key factors, including conformation, net charge and amphipathicity, to generate short AMPs with enhanced therapeutic efficacy. All the peptides were chemically synthesised, followed by evaluating their biological activity, stability and cytotoxicity. OSd, OSe and OSf exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial effects, especially OSf, which presented the highest therapeutic index for the tested bacteria. Moreover, these peptides displayed good stability. The results from scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy studies, indicated that brevinin-OS, OSd, OSe and OSf possessed rapid bactericidal ability by disturbing membrane permeability and causing the release of cytoplasmic contents. In addition, OSd, OSe and OSf dramatically decreased the mortality of waxworms acutely infected with MRSA. Taken together, these data suggested that a balance between positive charge, degrees of α-helicity and hydrophobicity, is necessary for maintaining antimicrobial activity, and these data successfully contributed to the design of short AMPs with significant bactericidal activity and cell selectivity.

scholarly journals Marine Actinomycetes, New Sources of Biotechnological Products

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 365
Author(s):  
Sveta V. Jagannathan ◽  
Erika M. Manemann ◽  
Sarah E. Rowe ◽  
Maiya C. Callender ◽  
William Soto
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Antitumor Agents ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Marine Actinomycetes ◽  
Food Preservatives ◽  
New Compounds

The Actinomycetales order is one of great genetic and functional diversity, including diversity in the production of secondary metabolites which have uses in medical, environmental rehabilitation, and industrial applications. Secondary metabolites produced by actinomycete species are an abundant source of antibiotics, antitumor agents, anthelmintics, and antifungals. These actinomycete-derived medicines are in circulation as current treatments, but actinomycetes are also being explored as potential sources of new compounds to combat multidrug resistance in pathogenic bacteria. Actinomycetes as a potential to solve environmental concerns is another area of recent investigation, particularly their utility in the bioremediation of pesticides, toxic metals, radioactive wastes, and biofouling. Other applications include biofuels, detergents, and food preservatives/additives. Exploring other unique properties of actinomycetes will allow for a deeper understanding of this interesting taxonomic group. Combined with genetic engineering, microbial experimental evolution, and other enhancement techniques, it is reasonable to assume that the use of marine actinomycetes will continue to increase. Novel products will begin to be developed for diverse applied research purposes, including zymology and enology. This paper outlines the current knowledge of actinomycete usage in applied research, focusing on marine isolates and providing direction for future research.

scholarly journals Bioactivity of pyocyanin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates against a variety of human pathogenic bacteria and fungi species

10.3823/0812 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahraa Jaafar Jameel ◽  
Anaam Fuad Hussain ◽  
Muthana Abdulkhader Al-Mahdawi ◽  
Nuha F. Abed Alkerim ◽  
Eman Sabah Abd Alrahman
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Blue Pigment ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Human Infections

Pyocyanin is blue pigment redox active, secondary metabolites produced by P. aeruginosa. The present study investigated the bioactivity of pyocyanin against certain types of bacteria and fungi causing human infections Objectives: Pyocyanin is blue pigment redox active, secondary metabolites produced by P. aeruginosa. The current study deals with biosynthesis, purification and bioactivity of pyocyanin produced by P. aeruginosa. Design: Pyocyanin extraction was done by chloroform method and concentration was determined by multiplying the optical density at 520 nm by 17.072 expressed as µg/ml. Biological activity of pyocyanin was determined by well diffusion procedure. Results: According to the source of infection, results showed that P. aeruginosa were most common in ear infection (30%) followed by wounds (22%), burns (17%), urine (13%) and each in stool and diabetes (9%). In this study the high resistance of  P. aeruginosa  isolates to antibiotics were 19 (82.6 %) to piperacillin followed by 10(43.5%) to aztreonem, 8(34.8%) to meropenem, 6(26.1%) to amikacin, 5(21.7%) to ciprofloxacin then 2(8.7%) to cefotaxime. the urine isolate produced the largest amount of pyocyanin (15.894 µg/ml). pyaocyanin have antimicrobial activity against Pathogenic bacteria: Shigella,  Staphyllococcus aureus and  Staphyllococcus epidermedis. and pathogenic fungi and yeast: Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp., Rhizopus spp, Trichophyton  mentagrophyte, Rhodotorula spp., Alternaria alternate , Trichophyton rubrum and Candida spp Conclusions: cefotaxime is the best antibiotic for P. aeruginosa. Antimicrobial activity of pyocyanin against gram positive more than gram negative bacteria but less than that observed against fungi (molds and yeast).

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