scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterisation and Antimicrobial Potential of Novel N-Alkylated Pyrrole Derivatives of Chitosan

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1730-1736
Author(s):  
Kalpana. P. R
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Pyrrole Derivatives ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Potential ◽  
Derivatives Of

Chitosan, a cationic biopolymer is a major derivative of chitin. It is biocompatible, non-toxic and environ-friendly material and has broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. However, it is less effective in neutral or basic conditions due to its solubility only in acidic medium. Therefore, chemical modification with suitable groups is necessary to enhance the potency of chitosan. The present study was mainly conducted to explore the effect of structural modifications on antimicrobial potential of chitosan. N-Methyl, N-Ethyl and N-Propyl pyrrole were reacted with N-chloroacyl-6-O-triphenylmethylchitosan prepared by stepwise modification of chitosan to form N-Methyl, N-Ethyl and N-Propyl pyrrole derivatives of chitosan. Structural characterization of these pyrrole derivatives was done by IR, NMR, XRD, DSC and Elemental Analysis. The gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli, gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus were selected for antibacterial activity and the fungus C. albicans was selected for antifungal activity by agar diffusion method and MIC method. Antimicrobial activity of the N-Methyl, N-Ethyl and N-Propyl pyrrole derivatives on E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans showed an inhibitory effect on all the organisms. The potency of inhibition was found to be varied with the substitutions. The maximum activity was shown by N-pyrrolylpropylchitosan against E. coli (zone of inhibition 1.2±0.05cm, MIC 0.15±0.03mg/ml), S. aureus (zone of inhibition 1.4±0.03cm, MIC 0.15±0.01mg/ml), C. albicans (zone of inhibition 0.8±0.03cm, MIC 0.2±0.03mg/ml). The study also confirmed that all the three derivatives exhibited higher inhibition than that of chitosan against E. coli (zone of inhibition 0.7±0.03cm, MIC 0.09±0.02mg/ml), S. aureus (zone of inhibition 0.8±0.03cm, MIC 0.09±0.02mg/ml), C. albicans (zone of inhibition 0.6±0.03cm, MIC 0.09±0.03mg/ml). Results demonstrated that these three N-alkylpyrrole chitosan derivatives exhibited improved potency and hence can have the more applicability as antimicrobials.

scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ROOT EXTRACT OF CLITORIA TERNATEA

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Amita Shobha Rao ◽  
Shobha Kl ◽  
Prathibha Md’almeida ◽  
Kiranmai S Rai
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Strain

  Objective: Infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria are important causes of morbidity and mortality. Extracts of plants and herbs such as Clitorea ternatea are used as diuretic. This work attempts to find out antimicrobial activity of aqueous and alcoholic extract of C. ternatea roots against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), clinical strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Candida albicans.Methods: The agar well-diffusion method was done using Mueller Hinton agar and Sabouraud’s dextrose agar. The microorganism grown in peptone water was inoculated into culture medium. 4 mm diameter well punched into the agar was filled with 20 μl of aqueous and alcoholic root extracts C. ternatea extracts in various concentrations (100-25 μg/ml). The plates were incubated and antimicrobial activity was evaluated.Results: Aqueous root extract of C. ternatea with the concentration of 100 μg/ml showed zone of inhibition against E. coli (ATCC 25922) 18 mm, P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) 14 mm, multidrug resistant strain of K. pneumoniae 15 mm. Alcoholic extract of C. ternatea with the concentration of 100 μg/ml showed zone of inhibition of 35 mm against E. coli (ATCC 25922), P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) 22 mm, and multidrug resistant strain of K. pneumoniae 28 mm. C. albicanswas resistant to both extract of C. ternatea root. Conclusions: Alcoholic extract of C. ternatea is a better antibacterial agent against multidrug resistant Klebsiella species and other Gram-negative pathogens. Further, studies are required to identify active substances from the alcoholic extracts of C. ternatea for treating infections.

scholarly journals Estimation of antimicrobial activity of green mango ( mangifera indica L. ) Extract on the Growth of Bacteria

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Hiba Thamir Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Infusion Method

 Abstract:-        Alternative herbal medicine has been used to treat various infections in human as well as in animal, natural plants contain phytoconstituent having similar chemical properties as of synthetic antibiotics ,due to that, the aim of this study was to investigte the biological properties of green mango (mangifera indica L.). The extraction of active phytoconstituent  of green mango was done by infusion method . Antimicrobial activity was carried out by agar well diffusion  method against two species of gram positive bacteria and five gram negative bacteria, at different concentrations 5%,10%,50% . The extract of concentration 5% has showed >2 mm zone of inhibition and after further screene can be considered as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) .    The mean zone of inhibition produced inhibition area range between 5mm  and 26 mm .The inhibition zone of  26 mm for  streptococcus has  showed  the   highest  zone of inhibition area. The infusion extract of green mango (mangifera indica L.) showed good inhibitory effect against almost the tested strains .      Green mango extract can serve as a potential  antimicrobial agent  for use in the  food industry and pharmaceutical manufacturing.

Antimicrobial activity of Commercial essential oils on human pathogens

2021 ◽  
pp. 4440-4444
Author(s):  
B. R. Malathy ◽  
Sweetlin Ajitha P ◽  
Sangeetha K. S ◽  
Swetha Thampy ◽  
Kamala G
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Development Of Resistance

Essential oils (EOs) are natural extracts from the seeds, stems, roots, flowers, bark and other parts of the plant prepared by steam distillation. They are complex, volatile, natural compounds formed by aromatic plants as secondary metabolites. They are known for their bactericidal, virucidal, fungicidal, sedative, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, spasmolytic and locally anesthetic properties. They are generally composed of a combination of substances like terpenes, phenolics, aldehydes or alcohols. The complex composition and different mechanisms of action of EOs may be an advantage over other antimicrobials to prevent the development of resistance of pathogenic bacteria. With this background, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of five essential oils like basil, lime, rosemary, thyme and canada balsam against 14 microbes. The effects of essential oil on the selected microbes were determined by agar well diffusion method. The zone of inhibition was observed and measured in millimeter. Essential oils which showed inhibitory diameter >15 mm were further tested to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). S. aureus, E. coli, S. mutans, S. sanguinis, C. albicans and M. furfur were inhibited by all essential oils. K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and E .faecalis were inhibited only by thyme and not by other essential oils. The MIC values ranged from 50% to 0.10%. The least MIC value of 0.10% was shown by thyme and basil to S. aureus, thyme to E.coli and all essential oils against C. albicans except lime.

scholarly journals Antibacterial efficacy of spice extracts against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus – An in-vitro study

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Pooja Latti ◽  
R. Subramaniam ◽  
G. M. Prashant
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition

Objectives: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of black pepper, Indian bay leaf, cinnamon, and cumin against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus in-vitro and to determine their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Materials and Methods: The spices (cinnamon, cumin, Indian bay leaf, and black pepper) were obtained from local market, were dried and powdered. Solvent extracts were prepared with methanol by maceration, followed by filtration and evaporation. The antimicrobial activity was assessed using cup plate diffusion method, followed by determination of MIC of the extracts. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test was used for pairwise comparison. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: All the four extracts showed significant antimicrobial activity. Cinnamon demonstrated maximum activity against S. mutans (zone of inhibition of 18.1 mm ± 0.30) and L. acidophilus (zone of inhibition of 17.9 mm ± 0.44) with the least MIC against the organisms (<0.05 mg/ml). Conclusion: All the spice extracts tested demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against S. mutans and L. acidophilus. On comparison of the antibacterial activities of all the four extracts, cinnamon extract emerged as the potent agent.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of N-2-(4-Chlorophenyl)acetyl Derivatives of (S)-Amino Acids

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-384
Author(s):  
G. Venkateshappa ◽  
P. Raghavendra Kumar ◽  
Krishna2
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

This paper reports the synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of N-2-(4-chlorophenyl)acetyl derivatives of various (S)-amino acids such as (S)-alanine, (S)-phenylalanine, (S)-leucine, (S)-methionine, (S)-proline and (S)-tryptophane. These compounds have been successfully synthesized and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR and 13C NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity of these six (S)-amino acids derivatives have been evaluated by the agar well diffusion method against pathogens both Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative (K. aerogenes, E. coli and P. desmolyticumas) bacteria and fungi (A. flavus and C. albicans). All these compounds have shown mild to moderate antimicrobial activity.

Exploration of Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm and Antiquorum Sensing Activity of the Himalayan Yellow Raspberry (Rubus ellipticus) against Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honeysmita Das ◽  
A.K. Samanta ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
P. Roychoudhury ◽  
Kalyan Sarma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Rubus Ellipticus

Background: Management of ever growing multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria becomes one of the biggest threats to public health worldwide. The situation is worsening due to lack of new generation antimicrobials in the arsenal of the clinicians. Development of new alternatives to the conventional antimicrobial agents is the need of the hour to control the menace of AMR. Plants based products are attractive alternatives with proven efficacy but needs scientific investigation to explore their potential antimicrobial, antibiofilm and antiquorum sensing activities against major bacterial pathogens of human and animals. The present study was conducted to explore the antimicrobial, antibiofilm and antiquorum sensing activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of leaf, flower, fruit and stem of the Himalayan yellow raspberry (Rubus ellipticus) against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Methods: E. coli and S. aureus were isolated and identified from diarrhoeic pigs and poultry and mastitic milk of cattle of Mizoram, respectively. Leaf, flower, fruit and stem/bark of R. ellipticus were collected from Mizoram and extracted by methanol and aqueous solvents. The antimicrobial activity and MIC was determined by well diffusion method and 96 wells microtiter plate method, respectively. Antibiofilm activity of plant extracts was determined in 96 well tissue culture plate. Antiquorum sensing activity was determined by disc diffusion method. Result: Methanol leaf extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against S. aureus with 19 mm and 7 mm zone of inhibition at 200 mg/mL and 12.5 mg/mL, respectively. Methanol fruit extract also showed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus only. Highest and lowest activities were observed at 200 mg/mL and 25 mg/mL concentrations with 15 mm and 7 mm zone of inhibition, respectively. No antimicrobial activities by either of the extracts were observed against E. coli isolates. The MIC of R. ellipticus methanol leaf and fruit extracts against S. aureus was 0.203125 mg/mL and 0.8125 mg/mL, respectively. The methanol leaf (86.60%) and stem (85.60%) extracts of R. ellipticus showed significant antibiofilm activity against S. aureus isolates, whereas methanol fruit (89.20%) extracts exhibited antibiofilm activity against E. coli isolates at the concentration of 0.05 mg/mL. Significant antiquorum sensing (QS) activities was exhibited by the methanol leaf extract of R. ellipticus at 200 mg/mL concentration against E. coli. This is the first ever report on antibiofilm and anti QS activities of the R. ellipticus plant extracts against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria.

Antimicrobial Activity of Bidens pilosa Leaves Extracts Against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
S.A. Mohamed ◽  
C. Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Resistance against synthetic antimicrobial agents is one of the major global public health challenges that compel scientists to search for alternatives including those of plants origin. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are bacteria responsible for a variety of infections and diseases that causes significant morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. E. coli is widely distributed in nature and commonly found in lower gastro intestinal tracts of most warm-blooded animals associated with urinary tract infections and enterocolitis in humans and colibacillosis in poultry. This study was carried out to investigate antimicrobial activity of methanolic leaf extracts of Bidens pilosa against S. aureus and E. coli. Agar well diffusion method was used to assess antimicrobial activity of the leaf extracts at 20%, 50% and 70% concentrations respectively based on measured zone of inhibition. The leaf extracts of Bidens pilosa produced significant zone of inhibition indicating its antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. The antimicrobial activity was demonstrated in all concentrations however, the highest zone of inhibition (18.5mm and 32mm) for E. coli and S. aureus respectively was at 70% concentration. The results shows that Bidens pilosa leaf extracts have antimicrobial activity against the tested bacteria and have the potential for further development including identification of active components that can be tested for treatment of E. coli and S. aureus associated conditions.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Goat Colostrum Against Bacterial Strains Causing Food Poisoning Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Triana Setyawardani ◽  
Juni Sumarmono ◽  
Heni Risqiati ◽  
Setya Agus Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
And Storage

The study was aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of bacterial isolates L.plantarum 3CT7 and 20CT8 from goat colostrum. The antimicrobial activity of cell-free supernatant was tested using a well-diffusion method on several indicators: temperature, time of storage, and pH. Antimicrobial activity was recorded in both isolates at pH 2.0; 4.0; 6.0 and 8.0, temperature at 0, 50 and 100 oC, and in cold storage for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. L.plantarum 7CT3 and L.plantarum 20CT8  have a bigger zone of inhibition than that of Pseudomonas spp. as compared to other bacteria. Testing the cell-free activity was aimed to investigate the metabolite inhibition by L.plantarum. The isolates were capable of inhibiting all pathogenic bacteria in the experiment (S. thypimurium, E. coli, and S. aureus)  as evidenced from the similar zone of inhibition from 15.83 to 16.06 mm. Isolates (L. plantarum 7CT3 dan 20CT8) exhibit inhibitory properties against S.thypimurium, S. aureus, Pseudomonas spp.. and L. monocytogenes at 0, 50 and 100oC. L.plantarum 7CT3 and L.plantarum 20CT8 exhibit antimicrobial activity during cold storage. Both isolates grown in the range of pH from 2 to 8 could inhibit S. thypimurium, E. coli, S. aureus and Pseudomonas spp.  In general, the two isolates are the potential antimicrobial activity with broad ranges of pH, temperature and storage time.

scholarly journals C-3 Substituted Lawsonemonoximates of Holmium(III): Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Jagtap ◽  
S. G. Joshi ◽  
G. M. Litake ◽  
V. S. Ghole ◽  
B. A. Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Providencia Stuartii ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

A series of five new metal complexes of Ho(III) with C-3 substituted derivatives of lawsonemonexime (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthalenediene-1-oxime) were synthesized. The compounds were characterized by melting point, elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility. The antimicrobial activity of the compounds were determined by disk diffusion method and broth micro-dilution techniques using Mueller Hinton medium against the following organisms: S. aureus ATCC 6538P, Klebsiella pneumoniae, NCTC 418, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27833, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 23564, E. coli U 1777, E. coli HB101, Proteus morganii NCIM 2860, Providencia stuartii NCIM 2799 and Acinetobacter baumannii U 24. The chelates of Ho(III) with lawsonemonoxime and Ho(III) with 3-bromolawsonemonoxime showed a variable antimicrobial activity against all organisms tested except Pseudomonas and Klebsiella spp. S. aureus was found more sensitive to all ligands and chelates tested; but the MIC values of chelates were considerably less; thus having more antimicrobial effect.

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS FROM LEAVES OF PISTACIA INTEGERRIMA (ANACARDIACEAE) STEW EX BRAND

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-92
Author(s):  
HEM RAJ VASHIST ◽  
SHIVANI DOGRA
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli

Purpose: The ethanol extract of leaves of Pistacia integerrima (EEPI) was evaluated for antibacterial activity. Methods: The leaves of P. integerrima were collected from wild source and authenticated by Dr. Manoj Joshi, botanist environmental education expert, Una, HP, India. Antimicrobial activity was performed using the Mueller–Hinton (MH) agar using disk diffusion method. In the MH agar media 38 g after dissolving in 1000 ml of distilled water (pH 7.3±0.2), the extract was incorporated such that concentration per ml will be 66.67 μg, 133.33 and, 166.66. Results: The minimum inhibitory concentration recorded was 133.33 for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella Typhi, and Klebsiella pneumonia, whereas 166.6 for Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, and Escherichia coli. The maximum zone of inhibition was found 19 mm and 18 mm for S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. S. aureus have been reported for skin pneumonia, heart valve, and bone infections whereas E. coli causes diarrhea and many other infections in children. Conclusion: After reporting the better zone of inhibition for these two bacteria, EEPI can be used to formulate better herbal remedy against them.

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