scholarly journals Phytoremediation Potential of Flowering Plants in Relation to Copper

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1786-1792
Author(s):  
S.N. Vityaz
Keyword(s):  
Copper Ions ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Soil Phytoremediation ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
High Level

Heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium, nickel, mercury, lead, copper, zinc and others are among the priority environmental pollutants. Determination of their content in its main subsystems is an obligatory component in environmental monitoring and certification of agricultural products. On the other hand, all metals are natural components of soil-forming rocks, and some metals are classified as biogenic microelements, and their absence provokes functional disorders in living organisms. This article describes the results of studying the phytoremediation potential of flowering plants in relation to copper ions under laboratory conditions. The following flowering plants were selected as test crops: tansy phacelia, white mustard, small-flowered marigolds and a mixture of cereal grasses consisting of red fescue, perennial ryegrass and bluegrass in a ratio of 40%, 50%, 10%, respectively. Within the experiment, copper ions in concentrations of 2 and 10 maximum permissible concentration (MPC) were introduced into the soil sampled from the territory of agricultural lands (leached medium-thick heavy loamy chernozem with a high level of humus, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium and a low level of nitrate nitrogen, copper in gross and mobile forms). It was found that all plants selected as test crops are capable of accumulating copper ions from the soil to varying degrees, which makes it possible to use them in phytoremediation of agricultural lands planned for organic farming. The ability to accumulate copper ions increases in the following order: white mustard < small-flowered marigolds < tansy phacelia < mixture of cereal grasses. The maximum effect of soil phytoremediation was revealed in the variant with a mixture of cereal grasses. When they are grown, the content of copper ions in the soil with the introduction of 2 MPC decreases by 38.8%, with the introduction of 10 MPC the concentration decreases by 47.8%.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation potential of flowering plants in relation to lead

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Svetlana Nikolaevna Vityaz ◽  
Marina Mikhailovna Kolosova ◽  
Maria Sergeevna Dremova ◽  
Maria Andreevna Kazakova ◽  
Ekaterina Borisovna Rotkina
Keyword(s):  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Lead Ions ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Test Cultures

This paper deals with the study of the phytoremediation potential of flowering plants in relation to lead ions under laboratory conditions. The test cultures were phacelia tansy (Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth.), white mustard (Sinapis alba L.), small-flowered marigolds (Tagеtes patula L.) and a mixture of cereal grasses consisting of red fescue 40% (Festuca rubra L.), perennial ryegrass 50% (Lolium perenne L.) and meadow bluegrass 10% (Poa pratensis L.). Under the experimental conditions lead ions in concentrations of 2 and 10 MPC were introduced into the soil sampled from the territory of agricultural lands (leached medium-thick heavy loamy chernozem with a high content of humus, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium, low content of nitrate nitrogen, bulk and mobile forms of lead). It has been established that all representatives of weeds, ornamental and green manure plants selected as test crops are capable, to one degree or another, of accumulating lead ions from soils and therefore can function as phytoremediators of agricultural lands intended for organic farming. The ability to accumulate lead ions increases in the following order: phacelia marigolds mustard a mixture of cereal grasses. The maximum effect of phytoremediation of the soil was revealed in the variant with a cereal mixture (the content of lead ions in the soil with the introduction of 2 MPC decreases by 32,8%, with the introduction of 10 MPC by 23,6%).

Problems and prospects of land reclamation in the non-Chernozem zone of Russia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A. Shevchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
High Level

The non-black earth zone of Russia is a zone of guaranteed harvest of major agricultural crops. However, at present, the potential of the reclaimed lands of the Non-Black Earth Region remains largely unrealized. In world agricultural practice, land reclamation combined with the use of modern technical means is an important factor in the development of agriculture, a condition for a consistently high level of agricultural production. Therefore, in all countries, reclaimed lands are given a special status, and the necessary amount of reclamation fund of agricultural lands is created.

scholarly journals The World Flora Online 2020 project: will Cameroon come up to the expectation?

Rodriguésia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Michel Onana
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
West African ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Red Data Book ◽  
The World ◽  
Data Book ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
High Level

Abstract Biodiverse Cameroon has been highlighted as the top country in tropical Africa for plant species diversity per degree square, with a higher diversity than all other West African countries added together, and including two of the top documented centres of plant diversity in Tropical Africa. Despite its reduced taxonomic capacity, with only six active taxonomists a high level of botanical activity in the country has resulted in accomplishments such as the databasing of the YA Herbarium (over 60,000 records), which has an in-country collection coverage of almost 95% of the known plant species that are recorded for Cameroon. Other accomplishments are the Red Data Book of the Flowering Plants of Cameroon, several local checklists and published volumes of the Flore du Cameroun which covers 37% of the country's species. Currently the checklist of Cameroon records 7,850 taxa at species and infraspecific level. Resources are needed to support and heighten the profile of this small botanical community. Already thanks to strong collaboration between Cameroon and renowned botanical institutes of others countries, in particular France and United Kingdom, one hundred and thirteen plant families have been published and would help this country to complete the recording of its biodiversity towards contributing to the World Flora Online 2020 project.

scholarly journals Genome Evolution at the Genus Level: Comparison of Three Complete Genomes of Hyperthermophilic Archaea

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 981-993
Author(s):  
Odile Lecompte ◽  
Raymond Ripp ◽  
Valérie Puzos-Barbe ◽  
Simone Duprat ◽  
Roland Heilig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyrococcus Furiosus ◽  
Hyperthermophilic Archaea ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Distance Ratio ◽  
Genomic Plasticity ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Complete Genomes ◽  
Replication Terminus ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
High Level

We have compared three complete genomes of closely related hyperthermophilic species of Archaea belonging to thePyrococcus genus: Pyrococcus abyssi, Pyrococcus horikoshii, and Pyrococcus furiosus. At the genomic level, the comparison reveals a differential conservation among four regions of the Pyrococcus chromosomes correlated with the location of genetic elements mediating DNA reorganization. This discloses the relative contribution of the major mechanisms that promote genomic plasticity in these Archaea, namely rearrangements linked to the replication terminus, insertion sequence-mediated recombinations, and DNA integration within tRNA genes. The combination of these mechanisms leads to a high level of genomic plasticity in these hyperthermophilic Archaea, at least comparable to the plasticity observed between closely related bacteria. At the proteomic level, the comparison of the threePyrococcus species sheds light on specific selection pressures acting both on their coding capacities and evolutionary rates. Indeed, thanks to two independent methods, the “reciprocal best hits“ approach and a new distance ratio analysis, we detect the false orthology relationships within the Pyrococcus lineage. This reveals a high amount of differential gains and losses of genes since the divergence of the three closely related species. The resulting polymorphism is probably linked to an adaptation of these free-living organisms to differential environmental constraints. As a corollary, we delineate the set of orthologous genes shared by the three species, that is, the genes that may characterize the Pyrococcus genus. In this conserved core, the amino acid substitution rate is equal between P. abyssi and P. horikoshii for most of their shared proteins, even for fast-evolving ones. In contrast, strong discrepancies exist among the substitution rates observed in P. furiosus relative to the two other species, which is in disagreement with the molecular clock hypothesis.

Accumulation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Mussels: A Proteomic Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letizia Ambrosio ◽  
Rosario Russo ◽  
Anna Maria Salzano ◽  
Francesco Paolo Serpe ◽  
Andrea Ariano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Proteomic Approach ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Seafood Products ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Analytical Approaches

ABSTRACT Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are environmental pollutants of industrial origin that can contaminate food, mainly food of animal origin. Although production of PCBs has been banned in many countries since the 1980s, they are still present in the environment and are considered dangerous pollutants for human health. In fact, they can bioaccumulate in living organisms such as marine organisms because of their chemical and physical properties. New analytical approaches are useful to monitor the presence of such contaminants in seafood products and in the environment. In this work, we evaluate changes in protein expression of Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lam.) experimentally exposed to a PCB mixture and identify chemically specific protein expression signatures by using a proteomic approach. In particular, we identify 21 proteins whose levels of expression are sensibly modified after 3 weeks of exposure. The present work shows that a proteomic approach can be a useful tool to study alterations of protein expression in mussels exposed to PCBs and represents a first step toward the development of screening protocols to be used for biomonitoring surveys of fishery products.

Photocatalysis of Cementitious Materials: Clean Buildings and Clean Air

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 328-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Cassar
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Heterogeneous Photocatalysis ◽  
Aesthetic Quality ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Self Cleaning ◽  
High Level ◽  
Building Walls

AbstractWhile the primary function of concrete is structural, its pervasiveness in our society lends it to other functions and creates the need for it to maintain its integrity and aesthetic quality. Therefore, concrete with added functionality–for example, self-cleaning characteristics and the ability to remove pollutants–is desirable. Heterogeneous photocatalysis (e.g., gas–solid or liquid–solid catalytic processes caused by light irradiation) by semiconductor particles or coatings has now reached a high level of development and is a promising technology for the reduction of global environmental pollutants. Among the various semiconductor materials, TiO2 in the form of anatase has attracted wide interest, due to its strong oxidizing power under near-UV radiation, its chemical stability when exposed to acidic and basic compounds, its chemical inertness in the absence of UV light, and the absence of toxicity. TiO2 has proved very effective in the reduction of pollutants such as NOx, aromatics, ammonia, and aldehydes. Surprisingly, the use of TiO2 in combination with cementitious materials has shown a favorable synergistic effect in the reduction of pollutants. These new materials have already found relevant applications in self-cleaning building walls and in the reduction of urban pollutants.

scholarly journals Effect of Chlorides from Chemical De-Icing Agents on Soil Contamination Depending on the Distance from Road and its Effects on Living Organisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-309
Author(s):  
Vilma Jandová ◽  
Martina Bucková ◽  
Jitka Hegrová ◽  
Jiří Huzlík
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
The Road ◽  
Significant Toxicity ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
One Year ◽  
Chloride Concentrations

AbstractThe article deals with the contamination of soil in the vicinity of the D1 motorway caused by the application of chemical de-icing agents in winter. In the selected area, during a period of one year (from October 2017 to October 2018), soil samples were regularly collected once a month at five different distances from the road. Chloride concentrations in aqueous extracts of the soil were monitored and the degree of toxicity was established for the selected living organisms. The resulting chloride load was evaluated with respect to the precipitation activity and the amount of de-icing salt applied in the area. The highest concentrations of chlorides were found at a distance of 2 m from the road. At the distance of 20 m from the road, the concentration of chlorides in the soil was approaching the chloride concentration found in the referential background set for the selected locality. The concentrations of chlorides at the first three measured distances from the road corresponded to the quantity of de-icing salt applied and the precipitation activity recorded during the relevant months. The maximum concentrations were reached in April 2018. Ecotoxicological testing of aqueous extracts of soil did not confirm any significant toxicity to the selected living organisms. From the tested organisms, the white mustard was identified to be the most sensitive to this type of toxicity; the increased toxicity was observed only for aqueous extracts of soil samples collected at distances dI (0 m) and dII (1 m), thus, it could have been related to the increased concentration of chlorides during the relevant period.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan/Agar/SiO2 Nano Hydrogels For Removal of Amoxicillin and of Naproxen From Pharmaceutical Contaminants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Moradi ◽  
Samira Mhdavi ◽  
Sajjad Sedaghat
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Physical And Chemical Characterization ◽  
Pharmaceutical Contaminants ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract Today, environmental pollutants pose a threat to human societies and all living organisms, which is why they have attracted the attention of environmental researchers. In this study, in order to remove pharmaceutical contaminants Naproxen and Amoxicillin from aqueous media with SiO2 nanoparticles based on Agar and Chitosan was investigated. The study of structural properties, physical and chemical characterization of synthesized nanocomposite was investigated by FTIR, XRD, TEM, FE-SEM, DLS and EDX analyzes. In addition, the role of parameters affecting the removal of pharmaceutical contaminants such as solution pH, contact time, contaminant concentration and temperature were studied. Nanocomposites prepared from Agar and Chitosan showed good performance in absorbing naproxen and amoxicillin. According to the studies performed to remove naproxen, the max adsorption efficiency was obtained at a concentration of 20 mg/l with an absorbent dose of 0.05 g and a pH of 8 and at an optimum temperature of 25 °C and 99% in 15 min. Also, for amoxicillin with nanocomposite prepared with an initial concentration of 20 mg/l and an adsorbent dose of 0.05 g, a time of 10 min, a temperature of 25 °C and a pH of 8, the max removal efficiency of 91.15% was obtained.

scholarly journals Potential of Different Fungi Species in Biodegradation Field of Phenolic Compounds

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yassmin M. Shebany ◽  
Eman G. El-Dawy ◽  
Youssuf A. Gherbawy
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Good Technique ◽  
Red Sea Coast ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Sterile Mycelium ◽  
Sea Coast

Phenolic compounds are dominant pollutants in terrestrial and freshwater environmental that have toxic effects on living organisms at low concentrations, because it has the ability to persist in the ecosystem. So bio-removal is a good technique that employs the metabolic potential of microorganisms to clean up the environmental pollutants and turned into less dangerous or harmless substances. This work aims to the isolation of different species of fungi from wastewater of factories and Red Sea coast to test the ability of these fungi to degrade phenolic compounds. Ten species of fungi and sterile mycelium are used to degrade phenol and its derivatives at different concentrations (0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8%). All fungi species have the ability of degradation of phenol and their derivatives, but P. chrysogenum, Saccharomyces sp. and sterile mycelium exhibited low ability to break down of hydroxyl-benzene, 2-naphthol and 1,3 dihydroxy benzene, respectively.

scholarly journals Morphological, Natural, Analog, and Other Unconventional Forms of Computing for Cognition and Intelligence

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
The Body ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Symbol Manipulation ◽  
Physical Computation ◽  
Natural Analog ◽  
Morphological Computation ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
High Level

According to the currently dominant view, cognitive science is a study of mind and intelligence focused on computational models of knowledge in humans. It is described in terms of symbol manipulation over formal language. This approach is connected with a variety of unsolvable problems, as pointed out by Thagard. In this paper, I argue that the main reason for the inadequacy of the traditional view of cognition is that it detaches the body of a human as the cognizing agent from the higher-level abstract knowledge generation. It neglects the dynamical aspects of cognitive processes, emotions, consciousness, and social aspects of cognition. It is also uninterested in other cognizing agents such as other living beings or intelligent machines. Contrary to the traditional computationalism in cognitive science, the morphological computation approach offers a framework that connects low-level with high-level approaches to cognition, capable of meeting challenges listed by Thagard. To establish this connection, morphological computation generalizes the idea of computation from symbol manipulation to natural/physical computation and the idea of cognition from the exclusively human capacity to the capacity of all goal-directed adaptive self-reflective systems, living organisms as well as robots. Cognition is modeled as a layered process, where at the lowest level, systems acquire data from the environment, which in combination with the already stored data in the morphology of an agent, presents the basis for further structuring and self-organization of data into information and knowledge.

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