scholarly journals Comparison of Dynamic Range of Clear Speech and Conversational Speech in Korean

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyungju Lee ◽  
Hongyeop Oh ◽  
Suyeon Shin ◽  
Sohee Heo ◽  
In-Ki Jin
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Conversational Speech ◽  
Clear Speech

Auditory and Auditory-Visual Perception of Clear and Conversational Speech

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 432-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen S. Helfer
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Presentation Mode ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Visual Speech ◽  
Conversational Speech ◽  
Clear Speech ◽  
Nature Of Information ◽  
Speech Cues ◽  
Visual Speech Information ◽  
Speech Information

Research has shown that speaking in a deliberately clear manner can improve the accuracy of auditory speech recognition. Allowing listeners access to visual speech cues also enhances speech understanding. Whether the nature of information provided by speaking clearly and by using visual speech cues is redundant has not been determined. This study examined how speaking mode (clear vs. conversational) and presentation mode (auditory vs. auditory-visual) influenced the perception of words within nonsense sentences. In Experiment 1, 30 young listeners with normal hearing responded to videotaped stimuli presented audiovisually in the presence of background noise at one of three signal-to-noise ratios. In Experiment 2, 9 participants returned for an additional assessment using auditory-only presentation. Results of these experiments showed significant effects of speaking mode (clear speech was easier to understand than was conversational speech) and presentation mode (auditoryvisual presentation led to better performance than did auditory-only presentation). The benefit of clear speech was greater for words occurring in the middle of sentences than for words at either the beginning or end of sentences for both auditory-only and auditory-visual presentation, whereas the greatest benefit from supplying visual cues was for words at the end of sentences spoken both clearly and conversationally. The total benefit from speaking clearly and supplying visual cues was equal to the sum of each of these effects. Overall, the results suggest that speaking clearly and providing visual speech information provide complementary (rather than redundant) information.

scholarly journals Talker Differences in Clear and Conversational Speech: Vowel Intelligibility for Older Adults With Hearing Loss

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 779-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Hargus Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Conversational Speech ◽  
Clear Speech ◽  
Talker Variability ◽  
Speaking Style

Purpose To establish the range of talker variability for vowel intelligibility in clear versus conversational speech for older adults with hearing loss and to determine whether talkers who produced a clear speech benefit for young listeners with normal hearing also did so for older adults with hearing loss. Method Clear and conversational vowels in /bVd/ context produced by 41 talkers were presented in noise for identification by 40 older (ages 65–87 years) adults with sloping sensorineural hearing loss. Results Vowel intelligibility within each speaking style and the size of the clear speech benefit varied widely among talkers. The clear speech benefit was equivalent to that enjoyed by young listeners with normal hearing in an earlier study. Most talkers who had produced a clear speech benefit for young listeners with normal hearing also did so for the older listeners with hearing loss in the present study. However, effects of talker gender differed between listeners with normal hearing and listeners with hearing loss. Conclusion The clear speech vowel intelligibility benefit generated for listeners with hearing loss varied considerably among talkers. Most talkers who produced a clear speech benefit for normal-hearing listeners also produced a benefit for listeners with hearing loss.

Speaking Clearly for the Hard of Hearing II

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Picheny ◽  
N. I. Durlach ◽  
L. D. Braida
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Stop Consonants ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Conversational Speech ◽  
Clear Speech ◽  
Acoustic Analyses

The first paper of this series (Picheny, Durlach, & Braida, 1985) presented evidence that there are substantial intelligibility differences for hearing-impaired listeners between nonsense sentences spoken in a conversational manner and spoken with the effort to produce clear speech. In this paper, we report the results of acoustic analyses performed on the conversational and clear speech. Among these results are the following. First, speaking rate decreases substantially in clear speech. This decrease is achieved both by inserting pauses between words and by lengthening the durations of individual speech sounds. Second, there are differences between the two speaking modes in the numbers and types of phonological phenomena observed. In conversational speech, vowels are modified or reduced, and word-final stop bursts are often not released. In clear speech, vowels are modified to a lesser extent, and stop bursts, as well as essentially all word-final consonants, are released. Third, the RMS intensities for obstruent sounds, particularly stop consonants, is greater in clear speech than in conversational speech. Finally, changes in the long-term spectrum are small. Thus, speaking clearly cannot be regarded as equivalent to the application of high-frequency emphasis.

Enhancing Speech Intelligibility: Interactions Among Context, Modality, Speech Style, and Masker

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 1908-1918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin J. Van Engen ◽  
Jasmine E. B. Phelps ◽  
Rajka Smiljanic ◽  
Bharath Chandrasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Semantic Context ◽  
Visual Input ◽  
Conversational Speech ◽  
Clear Speech ◽  
Sentence Recognition ◽  
Speech In Noise ◽  
Masking Condition ◽  
Speech Cues

Purpose The authors sought to investigate interactions among intelligibility-enhancing speech cues (i.e., semantic context, clearly produced speech, and visual information) across a range of masking conditions. Method Sentence recognition in noise was assessed for 29 normal-hearing listeners. Testing included semantically normal and anomalous sentences, conversational and clear speaking styles, auditory-only (AO) and audiovisual (AV) presentation modalities, and 4 different maskers (2-talker babble, 4-talker babble, 8-talker babble, and speech-shaped noise). Results Semantic context, clear speech, and visual input all improved intelligibility but also interacted with one another and with masking condition. Semantic context was beneficial across all maskers in AV conditions but only in speech-shaped noise in AO conditions. Clear speech provided the most benefit for AV speech with semantically anomalous targets. Finally, listeners were better able to take advantage of visual information for meaningful versus anomalous sentences and for clear versus conversational speech. Conclusion Because intelligibility-enhancing cues influence each other and depend on masking condition, multiple maskers and enhancement cues should be used to accurately assess individuals' speech-in-noise perception.

Korean Clear Speech Improves Speech Intelligibility for Individuals with Normal Hearing and Individuals with Hearing Loss

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Yeon Shin ◽  
Hongyeop Oh ◽  
In-Ki Jin
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Conversational Speech ◽  
Clear Speech ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis

Abstract Background Clear speech is an effective communication strategy to improve speech intelligibility. While clear speech in several languages has been shown to significantly benefit intelligibility among listeners with differential hearing sensitivities and across environments of different noise levels, whether these results apply to Korean clear speech is unclear on account of the language's unique acoustic and linguistic characteristics. Purpose This study aimed to measure the intelligibility benefits of Korean clear speech relative to those of conversational speech among listeners with normal hearing and hearing loss. Research Design We used a mixed-model design that included both within-subject (effects of speaking style and listening condition) and between-subject (hearing status) elements. Data Collection and Analysis We compared the rationalized arcsine unit scores, which were transformed from the number of keywords recognized and repeated, between clear and conversational speech in groups with different hearing sensitivities across five listening conditions (quiet and 10, 5, 0, and –5 dB signal-to-noise ratio) using a mixed model analysis. Results The intelligibility scores of Korean clear speech were significantly higher than those of conversational speech under most listening conditions in all groups; the former yielded increases of 6 to 32 rationalized arcsine units in intelligibility. Conclusion The present study provides information on the actual benefits of Korean clear speech for listeners with varying hearing sensitivities. Audiologists or hearing professionals may use this information to establish communication strategies for Korean patients with hearing loss.

Clear Speech for Adults with a Hearing Loss: Does Intervention with Communication Partners Make a Difference?

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 157-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Caissie ◽  
Melanie McNuttn Campbell ◽  
Wendy L. Frenette ◽  
Lori Scott ◽  
Illona Howell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Conversational Speech ◽  
Clear Speech ◽  
Acoustic Measures ◽  
Communication Partners ◽  
Speech Intervention

Spouses of persons with hearing loss served as talkers to examine the benefits of clear speech intervention. One talker received intervention on clear speech. A second talker was simply instructed to speak clearly. Each talker was recorded reading sentences in three conditions: conversational speech, clear speech one week postintervention, and clear speech one month postintervention. Speech acoustic measures were obtained. Then the sentences were presented to subjects with normal hearing and subjects with hearing loss to measure speech recognition. Results showed that simply asking a talker to speak clearly was effective in eliciting clear speech; however, providing intervention yielded changes in more speech parameters, more stable changes, and better speech recognition. When listening to the talker who received intervention, subjects with hearing loss achieved the same performance as subjects with normal hearing. However, they performed worse than subjects with normal hearing when listening to the talker who received clear speech instructions only. Individuals with hearing loss would receive speech recognition benefits if their partners were provided with clear speech intervention.

Dissociations between Vowel Durations and Formant Frequency Characteristics

1985 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Bernstein-Ratner
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Characteristics ◽  
Function Word ◽  
Simple Relationship ◽  
Conversational Speech ◽  
Clear Speech ◽  
Formant Frequency ◽  
Function Words ◽  
Rate Of Speech ◽  
And Function

Disagreement exists on the degree to which rate of speech and segmental duration affect the formant frequency characteristics of vowels. Post hoe analysis of the vowel characteristics of words uttered by women in conversational speech with both adult and child addressees indicates that there is no simple relationship between the length of vowels and the degree to which their formant frequency characteristics resemble those seen in citation forms of speech. In the ease of women addressing children, it was possible for content and function words to share formant frequency characteristics that maximally differentiated their embedded vowels, despite the relatively shorter duration of function word vowels. Implications for the elicitation of "clear speech" are discussed.

Speaking Clearly for the Hard of Hearing III

1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 600-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Picheny ◽  
N. I. Durlach ◽  
L. D. Braida
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Conversational Speech ◽  
Clear Speech ◽  
Probe Experiment ◽  
Simple Processing

Previous studies (Picheny, Durlach, & Braida, 1985, 1986) have demonstrated that substantial intelligibility differences exist for hearing-impaired listeners for speech spoken clearly compared to speech spoken conversationally. This paper presents the results of a probe experiment intended to determine the contribution of speaking rate to the intelligibility differences. Clear sentences were processed to have the durational properties of conversational speech, and conversational sentences were processed to have the durational properties of clear speech. Intelligibility testing with hearing-impaired listeners revealed both sets of materials to be degraded after processing. However, the degradation could not be attributable to processing artifacts because reprocessing the materials to restore their original durations produced intelligibility scores close to those observed for the unprocessed materials. We conclude that the simple processing to alter the relative durations of the speech materials was not adequate to assess the contribution of speaking rate to the intelligibility differences; further studies are proposed to address this question.

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