scholarly journals Antithyroid autoantibodies in extrathyroid autoimmune diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-240
Author(s):  
T.V. Sorokman ◽  
M.G. Gingulyak ◽  
O.V. Makarova
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Antithyroid Antibodies ◽  
Autoimmune Pathology ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Immunological Diseases ◽  
Antithyroid Autoantibodies

This review summarizes data on the incidence of autoimmune diseases and examines the prevalence of antithyroid antibodies in extrathyroid autoimmune diseases. In the world, about 5–7 % of the population suffers from one or another type of autoimmune diseases. Among the six most common autoimmune diseases, thyroid and associated diseases predominate. The high prevalence of autoimmune thyroid diseases raises questions about the potential role of antithyroid antibodies in the course of extrathyroid autoimmune diseases. It is believed that autoimmune di­seases are the result of interactions between triggers, autoantigens, genetic predisposition, impaired tolerance of autoantigens and mechanisms of apoptosis. Among the currently known antithyroid autoantibodies, antibodies to thyroglobulin (TgAb), thyroid peroxi­dase (TPO), as well as bispecific autoantibodies to thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase are of particular importance. Categories of functionally significant autoantibodies that mimic hormone function and provoke the development of autoimmune pathology as a result of binding to the receptor and subsequent stimulation of thyrocytes include antibodies to thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (rTSH-Ab). Circulating antibodies against thyroid antigens are not limited to autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland, but are also found in other autoimmune diseases, most often in rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes mellitus and celiac disease. The association with other immune pathologies further confirms that TPO antibodies were also detected in 15 % of patients with asthma, in 10–29 % of those with idiopathic purpura and vitiligo. The prevalence of TPO antibodies is slightly higher than TgAb, and rTSH-Ab are rarely registered in non-thyroid immunological diseases.

Vitamin D and autoimmune thyroid diseases (part 1)

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-15
Author(s):  
N. V. Volkova ◽  
A. V. Solntseva
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Immunosuppressive Agents ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Autoimmune Pathology

Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) and Graves’ disease (GD) are common autoimmune diseases, and their prevalence assessed as 5 % of general population. Currently, selective immunosuppressive agents for pathogenetic treatment of autoimmune pathology are being developed. Vitamin D with the known anti­inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties, is also of great interest. The first part of the article reviews the roles of various immune cells in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases, which is necessary to reveal the therapeutic potential of calcitriol in these disorders. Classically, AIT was considered to be mediated by T­helpers type 1 (Th1), and GD — by T­helpers type 2 (Th2). This misunderstanding was based on the idea that humoral immunity is controlled by Th2 cytokines, and cellular immunity — by Th1. In the past decades, the role of new subsets of immune cells in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases is being studied, displacing the traditional paradigm of Th1/Th2 dichotomy. It has been established that T­helpers type 17 (Th17) play an important role in the development of various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, previously classified as Th1­dependent pathologies. The involvement of T­ and B­regulatory lymphocytes in the autoimmune process is also of particular interest. It was found that these cells accumulate in inflamed thyroid tissue in patients with thyroid pathology, but they are unable to suppress the immune response effectively. Further research will help to find out which immune cells can become targets for vitamin D agonists in the complex treatment of autoimmune diseases.

scholarly journals Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies in vitiligo patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jishna P. ◽  
M. P. Binitha ◽  
Abdul Latheef E. N. ◽  
V. P. Anilakumari
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody ◽  
Antibody Positivity ◽  
Antibody Levels

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Vitiligo is associated with various autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune thyroid disease. The objectives of the present study was to determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies in patients with vitiligo, and to compare the clinical profile of anti-thyroid peroxidase positive and anti-thyroid peroxidase negative patients<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in 100 patients with vitiligo and 100 controls. After dermatologic and systemic evaluation, serum thyroid hormones and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody levels were measured in all the subjects.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Thyroid dysfunction was more common in the vitiligo group (27%) than in the controls. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone abnormalities were more common in the vitiligo group (27%) than in the controls (6%). The most common thyroid dysfunction was subclinical hypothyroidism. Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody positivity was higher in the vitiligo group (36%) when compared to the controls (24%), and the most common type of vitiligo was vitiligo vulgaris (18%) in this group. Thyroid dysfunction and anti-thyroid peroxidase positivity were more common in women (58%) when compared to men (42%). There was a significantly higher prevalence of other autoimmune diseases in the vitiligo group (20%) compared to the controls (6%)<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study shows a significant association between vitiligo and thyroid dysfunction, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and other autoimmune diseases. We recommend that thyroid evaluation and regular follow-up should be done in patients with vitiligo for prompt detection of thyroid dysfunction<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>

Pathogenetic features of immunological disorders in women with thyroid peroxidase antibodies presence and their effect on infertility treatment by in vitro fertilization (IVF)

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-294
Author(s):  
Aleksandra S. Druzhinina ◽  
Irina I. Vitiazeva
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Infertility Treatment ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Art Programs ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms

Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is the most common thyroid disease among women of fertile age. An increase of thyropercosidase antibodies (TPO-Ab) occupies one of the leading positions among other autoantibodies in patients with idiopathic infertility. Stimulation of superovulation in assisted reproductive technology (ART) programs leads to thyroid overstimulation, relative hypothyroxinemia and an increase of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level in women with positive TPO-Ab carrier state, leading to a decrease in the reserve capacity of the thyroid affected by the autoimmune process. There is a large number of studies concerning the effect of autoimmune thyroid diseases on the infertility treatment outcomes in ART programs, but the results are contradictory. One of the hypotheses is that TPO-Ab affect the embryo implantation process in the uterus, based on an imbalance of cytokine production by T-helper type 1, 2, and 17, which are not easy to correct by classical hormone replacement therapy with levothyroxine. Nowadays, the immunological mechanisms of these disorders are not well investigated.

scholarly journals Clinical-pathological Changes in Reproductive Age Women With Autoimmune Thyroiditis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 354-359
Author(s):  
N. Mazhitova ◽  
R. Kalmatov ◽  
G. Abdykaimova ◽  
Zh. Abdullaeva
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Pathology

Research relevance: Autoimmune pathology of the thyroid gland is one of the urgent problems of modern endocrinology, and this is due to the lack of clarity of pathogenetic mechanisms and the lack of objective and reliable diagnostic methods, including immunological. The mechanisms of autoimmune thyroid diseases have not yet been fully elucidated, although about a hundred years have passed since the first description of autoimmune thyroiditis. According to world statistics, thyroid disease occurs in almost 30% of the world’s population. According to the latest data, in Kyrgyzstan, they are found in 10–30 percent of the population. Objectives of the study: Clinical and pathological substantiation of ways to optimize the diagnosis of autoimmune thyroiditis in residents of the southern region of the Kyrgyz Republic. Research methods: clinical and immunological (determination of the titer of antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (AT TPO); cytokines); static method; laboratory (content of free thyroxine (T4); thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); free triiodothyronine (T3); hematological, biochemical blood test; ultrasound of the thyroid gland. Conclusions: Lack of iodine causes irreparable harm to absolutely every person: child and adult, men and women. Iodine deficiency is most common in women who are in late pregnancy.

scholarly journals Autoimmune thyroid disease and other non-endocrine autoimmune diseases

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Todorovic-Djilas ◽  
Tijana Icin ◽  
Jovanka Novakovic-Paro ◽  
Ivana Bajkin
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Disease ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
The Body ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Organ Specific

Introduction, Autoimmune diseases are chronic conditions initiated by the loss of immunological tolerance to self-antigens. They constitute heterogeneous group of disorders, in which multiple alterations in the immune system result in a spectrum of syndromes that either target specific organs or affect the body systematically. Recent epidemiological studies have shown a possible shift of one autoimmune disease to another or the fact that more than one autoimmune disease may coexist in a single patient or in the same family. Numerous autoimmune diseases have been shown to coexist frequently with thyroid autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune thyroid disease and other organ specific non-endocrine autoimmune diseases. This part of the study reviews the prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease coexisting with: pernicious anaemia, vitiligo, celiac disease, autoimmune liver disease, miastenia gravis, alopecia areata and sclerosis multiplex, and several recommendations for screening have been given. Autoimmune thyroid disease and other organ non-specific non-endocrine autoimmune diseases. Special attention is given to the correlation between autoimmune thyroid disease and rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, syndrome Sj?gren, systemic sclerosis and mixed connective tissue disease. Conclusions. Screening for autoimmune thyroid diseases should be recommended in everyday clinical practice, in patients with primary organ-specific or organ non-specific autoimmune disease. Other?wise, in patients with primary thyroid autoimmune disease, there is no good reason of seeking for all other autoimmune diseases, although these patients have a greater risk of developing other autoimmune disease. Economic aspects of medicine require further analyzing of these data, from cost/benefit point of view to justified either mandatory screening or medical practitioner judgment.

scholarly journals Thyroid Peroxidase Revisited – Whatʼs New?

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 765-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlena Godlewska ◽  
Damian Gawel ◽  
Ashley M. Buckle ◽  
J. Paul Banga
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Biosynthesis ◽  
Hormone Biosynthesis ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunctions

AbstractThyroid peroxidase (TPO) is an enzyme that participates in thyroid hormone biosynthesis. TPO is also a major autoantigen in autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). In this review, we summarize the latest developments in the field of TPO research. We present the current understanding of immunodominant serologic determinants, frequency of TPO-specific autoantibodies in the population, as well as genetic and environmental factors contributing to their development. Moreover, we report recent progress in the clinical utilities of TPO autoantibody testing, including thyroid dysfunctions and extra-thyroidal disorders.

The human anti-thyroid peroxidase autoantibody repertoire in Graves' and Hashimoto's autoimmune thyroid diseases

2002 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Chardès ◽  
Nicolas Chapal ◽  
Damien Bresson ◽  
Cédric Bès ◽  
Véronique Giudicelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid

scholarly journals Restricted thyroglobulin antibody epitope specificities in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus

2009 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
O E Okosieme ◽  
C N Wijeyaratne ◽  
J H Lazarus ◽  
L D K E Premawardhana
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Thyroglobulin Antibodies ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Thyroglobulin Antibody ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Design And Methods

ObjectivesFollowing iodisation in Sri Lanka we observed a high prevalence of thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAbs) in type 1 diabetic (T1DM) patients. The clinical significance of these TgAbs is uncertain. We sought to obtain a detailed epitope analysis of TgAbs in T1DM patients recruited from diabetes clinics and to compare these with TgAb epitope specificities in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and healthy individuals in that country.Design and methodsWe used a panel of 10 Tg-MAbs in competitive ELISA reactions in a prospective study of subjects recruited from Colombo, to determine the epitopes recognised by TgAb-positive patients with T1DM (n=58, 34F:24M, median age 16 years), AITD patients (n=42, 33F:9M, median age 37 years) and healthy subjects (n=50, 39F:11M, median age 27 years). The outcomes were a comparison of reactivity with six Tg clusters (I–VI) in these subjects, and the relation of epitope specificity patterns with free thyroxine and TSH.ResultsPatients with T1DM and AITD but not healthy control subjects preferentially recognised the immunodominant clusters, I, III and IV. Patients with these narrow epitope specificities had higher median TSH levels (1.60 vs 1.06;P=0.01), and were more frequently positive for antibodies to thyroid peroxidase than those with broad specificities (52.3 vs 7.1%;P=0.004).ConclusionsThe TgAb epitope specificities in euthyroid Sri Lankans with T1DM are similar to AITD patients. TgAb epitope studies may potentially identify T1DM patients at risk of thyroid dysfunction.

The Antibody Response in Human Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

1997 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 529-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. McIntosh ◽  
M. Suhail Asghar ◽  
Anthony P. Weetman
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Disease ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Autoantigens ◽  
Reactive Antibody ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

1. The analysis of the antibody response in autoimmune thyroid disease has followed several historical trends. It was the investigation of thyroid-reactive antibody that allowed the initial characterization of the three principle thyroid autoantigens, thyroglobulin, thyroid peroxidase and the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor. 2. Analysis can be grouped under two broad areas: analysis of the physiological and pathological effects of the antibody, and analysis of the structure of the antibodies themselves. This review will focus on the latter. 3. Within recent years there has been a great increase in knowledge of thyroid-reactive antibody structure, principally through the adoption of phage display combinatorial library methodologies. While this latter technique has established some general principles for antibodies to thyroglobin and especially thyroid peroxidase, there is still a substantial gap in our knowledge of the antibody response to the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor. 4. Thyroid peroxidase antibodies have a relatively restricted V-region usage, and there is a correlation between the V-regions used and the epitope on thyroid peroxidase bound. In particular the Vκ light chain, Vκl(O12), is associated with reactivity to one epitope. 5. The purpose of this review is to bring together the latest results concerning the molecular analysis of the antibody response in autoimmune thyroid disease, to highlight areas of ignorance and conflict, and to discuss the methods adopted to circumvent the problems associated with analysis of the antibody response.

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