scholarly journals Mutant Prevention Concentration Siprofloksasin Terhadap Escherichia coli Patogen dari Kloaka Broiler Secara In Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Maria Fatima Palupi ◽  
Eli Nugraha ◽  
Meutia Hayati ◽  
Neneng Atikah
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Single Step ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Mutant Selection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mutant Prevention Concentration ◽  
Production Animals

Mutant prevention concentration (MPC) is an in vitro test used to determine the lowest drug concentration needed to inhibit the growth of a single-step-mutant bacterial subpopulation. The purpose of this study was to determine the MPC value of ciprofloxacin against pathogenic Escherichia coli to obtained the range of mutant selection windows (MSW) of ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin is a quinolone group that is included in the Highest Priority Critically Important Antimicrobials for Human Medicine but is also used for the treatment of bacterial infections in production animals. Twenty-four of pathogenic E. coli isolates sensitive to ciprofloxacin were tested to obtain MPC values and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. Test the MPC and MIC values to get the MSW range is done by the method of agar dilution. Mueller-Hinton agar containing standard ciprofloxacin was inoculated with 1010 cfu E. coli for the MPC test and 104 for the MIC test. Based on the MPC test results, the MPC value of ciprofloxacin was 4-64 μg / mL (22.96 ± 19.07 μg / mL) and there was one isolate which had an MPC> 256 μg / mL. These results give a wide range of MSW with a lower limit of the MIC value of 0.25 - 2 µg / mL (0.55 ± 0.37 µg / mL) to the upper limit of the MPC value of 4-64 µg / mL (22.96 ± 19.07 μg / mL). Based on the results of this MPC assessment it can be concluded that the dose of ciprofloxacin in production animals has a wide range of MSW that is allow for single-step mutants.

scholarly journals Multi-omic surveillance of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. in hospital sink drains and patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Constantinides ◽  
KK Chau ◽  
TP Quan ◽  
G Rodger ◽  
M Andersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACTEscherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. are important human pathogens that cause a wide spectrum of clinical disease. In healthcare settings, sinks and other wastewater sites have been shown to be reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli and Klebsiella spp., particularly in the context of outbreaks of resistant strains amongst patients. Without focusing exclusively on resistance markers or a clinical outbreak, we demonstrate that many hospital sink drains are abundantly and persistently colonised with diverse populations of E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca, including both antimicrobial-resistant and susceptible strains. Using whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 439 isolates, we show that environmental bacterial populations are largely structured by ward and sink, with only a handful of lineages, such as E. coli ST635, being widely distributed, suggesting different prevailing ecologies which may vary as a result of different inputs and selection pressures. WGS of 46 contemporaneous patient isolates identified one (2%; 95% CI 0.05-11%) E. coli urine infection-associated isolate with high similarity to a prior sink isolate, suggesting that sinks may contribute to up to 10% of infections caused by these organisms in patients on the ward over the same timeframe. Using metagenomics from 20 sink-timepoints, we show that sinks also harbour many clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance genes including blaCTX-M, blaSHV and mcr, and may act as niches for the exchange and amplification of these genes. Our study reinforces the potential role of sinks in contributing to Enterobacterales infection and antimicrobial resistance in hospital patients, something that could be amenable to intervention.IMPORTANCEEscherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. cause a wide range of bacterial infections, including bloodstream, urine and lung infections. Previous studies have shown that sink drains in hospitals may be part of transmission chains in outbreaks of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli and Klebsiella spp., leading to colonisation and clinical disease in patients. We show that even in non-outbreak settings, contamination of sink drains by these bacteria is common across hospital wards, and that many antimicrobial resistance genes can be found and potentially exchanged in these sink drain sites. Our findings demonstrate that the colonisation of handwashing sink drains by these bacteria in hospitals is likely contributing to some infections in patients, and that additional work is needed to further quantify this risk, and to consider appropriate mitigating interventions.

scholarly journals A Toxic Environment: a Growing Understanding of How Microbial Communities Affect Escherichia coli O157:H7 Shiga Toxin Expression

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin M. Nawrocki ◽  
Hillary M. Mosso ◽  
Edward G. Dudley
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lambdoid Prophage

ABSTRACT Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) strains, including E. coli O157:H7, cause severe illness in humans due to the production of Shiga toxin (Stx) and other virulence factors. Because Stx is coregulated with lambdoid prophage induction, its expression is especially susceptible to environmental cues. Infections with Stx-producing E. coli can be difficult to model due to the wide range of disease outcomes: some infections are relatively mild, while others have serious complications. Probiotic organisms, members of the gut microbiome, and organic acids can depress Stx production, in many cases by inhibiting the growth of EHEC strains. On the other hand, the factors currently known to amplify Stx act via their effect on the stx-converting phage. Here, we characterize two interactive mechanisms that increase Stx production by O157:H7 strains: first, direct interactions with phage-susceptible E. coli, and second, indirect amplification by secreted factors. Infection of susceptible strains by the stx-converting phage can expand the Stx-producing population in a human or animal host, and phage infection has been shown to modulate virulence in vitro and in vivo. Acellular factors, particularly colicins and microcins, can kill O157:H7 cells but may also trigger Stx expression in the process. Colicins, microcins, and other bacteriocins have diverse cellular targets, and many such molecules remain uncharacterized. The identification of additional Stx-amplifying microbial interactions will improve our understanding of E. coli O157:H7 infections and help elucidate the intricate regulation of pathogenicity in EHEC strains.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Antibacterial Activities of SM-216601, a New Broad-Spectrum Parenteral Carbapenem

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 4185-4196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Ueda ◽  
Katsunori Kanazawa ◽  
Ken Eguchi ◽  
Koji Takemoto ◽  
Yoshiro Eriguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Multiresistant Pathogens ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Agar Dilution ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Mrsa Strains

ABSTRACT SM-216601 is a novel parenteral 1β-methylcarbapenem. In agar dilution susceptibility testing, the MIC of SM-216601 for 90% of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains tested (MIC90) was 2 μg/ml, which was comparable to those of vancomycin and linezolid. SM-216601 was also very potent against Enterococcus faecium, including vancomycin-resistant strains (MIC90 = 8 μg/ml). SM-216601 exhibited potent activity against penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, with MIC90s of less than 0.5 μg/ml, and intermediate activity against Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The therapeutic efficacy of SM-216601 against experimentally induced infections in mice caused by S. aureus, E. faecium, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa reflected its in vitro activity and plasma level. Thus, SM-216601 is a promising candidate for nosocomial bacterial infections caused by a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including multiresistant pathogens.

scholarly journals STUDY ON BOVINE SUB-CLINICAL MASTITIS ON FARM CONDITION WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON ANTIBIOGRAM OF THE CAUSATIVE BACTERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Hasan ◽  
M. R. Islam ◽  
N. S. Runa ◽  
M, N. Hasan ◽  
A. H. M. M. Uddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

The study was conducted to find out the prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis (SCM) and antibiogram of the causative bacteria in dairy cows at the Sylhet govt. Dairy Farm (SGDF) and Local Farms of Sylhet (LFS) during the period of July2014 to June2015. These farms were selected to assess the predominant types of bacteria involved in causing sub-clinical mastitis and to know the in vitro antibiotic sensitivity spectrum of these bacterial isolates against the commonly used antibiotics and to study the economic effects due to SCM. Use of California Mastitis Test (CMT) for the detection of sub-clinical mastitis showed 42out of 100 samples were test positive, among which +(Trace) 22.0%, ++(Distinct) 12.0%, +++(Strong) 3.0%, ±(Doubtful) 5.0%.  Bacteriological examination of milk samples of 100 milch cows (400 quarters) revealed that 42 cows (42.0%) had suffering from SCM with different bacterial infection with 95% confidence limit was 32.1574-51.8426. Among 42 positive samples31 (31.0%) cows had mono-bacterial infection and 11 (11.0%) cows had mixed bacterial infections. Statistical analysis of the result of single and mixed bacterial infections in the milk of apparently healthy milch cows revealed that the single infection was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than mixed bacterial infection. Of the 31 mono-bacterial isolates, of which 23 (23.0%) isolates were Staphylococci, 3 (3.0%) isolates were Escherichia coli, 5 (5.0%) isolated Streptococcus spp. The 11 cows had mixed infection, of which 5 had Staphylococcus spp. + Streptococcus spp., 3 had E. coli + Staphylococcus spp., and 3 had Streptococcus spp. + E. coli. Of 42 positive cases of SCM Staphylococcus spp. isolated from 23 samples. Among these 23 positive samples 13 obtained from SGDF (37.14%) and 10 obtained from LFS (15.38%). Escherichia coli isolated from 3 samples. Among these 3 positive samples 3 obtained from LFS (4.62%). Streptococcus spp. isolated from 5 samples. Among these 5 positive samples 1 obtained from SGDF (2.86%) and 4 obtained from LFS (6.15%). Ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin were the best drug for treating sub-clinical mastitis.

scholarly journals In VitroEffect ofqnrA1,qnrB1, andqnrS1Genes on Fluoroquinolone Activity against IsogenicEscherichia coliIsolates with Mutations ingyrAandparC

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 1266-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Briales ◽  
J. M. Rodríguez-Martínez ◽  
C. Velasco ◽  
P. Díaz de Alba ◽  
J. Domínguez-Herrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mutant Prevention Concentration ◽  
One Step ◽  
Resistant Mutants

ABSTRACTThis article provides an analysis of thein vitroeffect ofqnrA1,qnrB1, andqnrS1genes, combined with quinolone-resistant Ser83Leu substitutions in GyrA and/or Ser80Arg in ParC, on fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance in isogenicEscherichia colistrains. The association of Ser83Leu substitution in GyrA, Ser80Arg substitution in ParC, andqnrgene expression increased the MIC of ciprofloxacin to 2 μg/ml.qnrgenes present inE. colithat harbored a Ser83Leu substitution in GyrA increased mutant prevention concentration (MPC) values to 8 to 32 μg/ml.qnrgene expression inE. colimay play an important role in selecting for one-step FQ-resistant mutants.

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK BUAH SAWO, BAWANG PUTIH, DAUN ANDONG, DAN BUAH PARE TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI ESCHERICHIA COLI

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
Susiwati Susiwati
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vitro Test ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria

This research aims to determine the inhibition of sapodilla fruit, garlic, andong leaves and pare fruit toward the growth of escherichia coli bacteria. Antimicroba test used paper disc diffusion was in-vitro test. Sapodilla fruit, garlic, andong leaves and pare fruit were extracted by using maceration process. The extracts were tested on the growth of E- coli bacteria.  The highest inhibition zone (6,7mm) was found in andong leaves extract. The highest inhibition zone was 8.3 mm, whereas the inhibition of pare fruit did not not provide the inhibitory zone. It can be concluded that garlic extract, sapodolla extract and decoction of andong leaves have highly inhibitory in vitro. Based on stastistical analysis, there was Significant difference betwen the effectiveness of garlic extract with a decoction of andong leaves but the effectivess of garlic extract with sapodilla extract was not meaningful. Whereas pare fruit did not give any inhibition zones. From the result of this research, the society can be encouraged to consume andong leaves or sapodilla fruit to treat diarrhea. In addition, garlic spices and pare fruit also can be used to overcome diarrhea, which is caused by the bacterium E. coli.

scholarly journals In Vitro comparison in the antimicrobial effect between Ciprofloxacin and Neem leaf extract (Azadirachta indica) on Escherichia coli Growth

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
Quazi Rubyath Banna ◽  
Badar Uddin Umar ◽  
S M Niazur Rahman ◽  
Tanbira Alam ◽  
Kazi Selim Anwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Wide Range

Objective: Medicinal plants remain in vogue to treat some diseases in lower socio-economic communities, despite the availability of antimicrobials, often. Majority of rural Bangladeshi and tribal people being grossly illiterate and ignorant, use various herbs to treat a wide range of diseases. Of several medicinal-plants, neem is reported to have enormous impact in treating inflammation and infections. We, therefore, compared the antimicrobial effect of ethanolic neem leave extract (ENLE) on Escherichia coli (E. coli), with that of Ciprofloxacin. Materials & Methods: This experimental study compared the in vitro antimicrobial activity between ENLE and Ciprofloxacin on E. coli carried out in Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics of SS-Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Antimicrobial efficacy of ENLE and ciprofloxacin (5µg; Oxoid, UK) was determined against E. coli following minimum inhibitory concentration. By filtration and evaporation of Neem leaves ENLE was prepared. Antibiotic Sensitivity Test was performed on Muller-Hinton agar using a twofold serial dilution. Results: ENLE showed an inhibitory effect on the growth of E. coli at the concentration of 3.125 mg/ml. Antibacterial susceptibility of E. coli was performed on MHA and diameters of zone of inhibition by both ENLE and Ciprofloxacin were measured after overnight aerobic incubation at 37°C. Diameter of zone of inhibition against E. coli was 28 ± 0.16 mm with ENLE, 36 ± 0.07 mm with Ciprofloxacin (5µg/disk) (p<0.000). Conclusion: Findings of this preliminary in-vitro experiment though suggests that, ENLE against E. coli showed limited efficacy, better efficacy of Ciprofloxacin cannot be ruled out unless further in depth studies elucidates stronger evidences to support it.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(2) 2016 p.172-177

Combined Effects of Hydrostatic Pressure, Temperature, and the Addition of Allyl Isothiocyanate on Inactivation of Escherichia coli

2000 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 884-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
TETSURO OGAWA ◽  
ATSUSHI NAKATANI ◽  
HAJIME MATSUZAKI ◽  
SEIICHIRO ISOBE ◽  
KENJI ISSHIKI
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Food Product ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
E Coli

Combined effects of hydrostatic pressure, temperature, and the addition of allyl isothiocyanate (AIT) on the inactivation of Escherichia coli, including type O157, were investigated. Inactivation to undetectable levels by hydrostatic pressure alone requires 400 to 600 MPa. E. coli growth was delayed with increasing of applied pressure and the AIT concentration added subsequently. The antibacterial effects of AIT vapor increased on JCM 1649 and IFO 3301 after pressurization. The bactericidal effects of pressurization with the addition of AIT at 4°C or 40°C were greater than at 20°C, and all bacteria tested were effectively killed at 200 or 250 MPa with 10 to 80 μg/ml of AIT. We tried to apply the combined treatment to a food product “Asazuke” (low salt vegetables), and it was confirmed that E. coli inoculated into the product was inactivated the same as in the in vitro test. We also studied the inactivation mechanism behind pressurization with AIT from the relationship between pressure resistance and precultivation temperature, and it was suggested that destruction of membrane structure caused bacterial kill.

scholarly journals Probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 outcompetes intestinalpathogens during biofilm formation

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoria Hancock ◽  
Malin Dahl ◽  
Per Klemm
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World

Many bacterial infections are associated with biofilm formation. Bacterialbiofilms can develop on essentially all kinds of surfaces, producing chronicand often intractable infections. Escherichia coli is an importantpathogen causing a wide range of gastrointestinal infections. E. coli strain Nissle 1917 has been used for many decades as a probiotic againsta variety of intestinal disorders and is probably the best field-tested E. coli strain in the world. Here we have investigated the biofilm-formingcapacity of Nissle 1917. We found that the strain was a good biofilm former.Not only was it significantly better at biofilm formation than enteropathogenic,enterotoxigenic and enterohaemorrhagic E. coli strains, it was alsoable to outcompete such strains during biofilm formation. The results supportthe notion of bacterial prophylaxis employing Nissle 1917 and may partiallyexplain why the strain has a beneficial effect on many intestinal disorders.

scholarly journals The relationship between biofilm formation, genes of virulence and iron metabolism in Escherichia coli

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia Handrová ◽  
Anna Čuvalová ◽  
Vladimír Kmeť
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wide Range

Escherichia coli is known as one of the bacterial species with the widest adaptability to variety of niches either within organisms or outside in environment. Most strains of E. coli are of low virulence and associated with opportunistic infections, whereas others are highly virulent. The success of E. coli in colonising such a wide range of hosts and environments is basically due to a noticeable ductility in exploiting the available resources. It is becoming increasingly clear that biofilms have an enormous impact on medicine because since 65% of animal and human bacterial infections involve biofilms. In present study, we isolated strains of E. coli from animals. 19 interesting isolates were selected and tested by PCR amplification to virulence – iutA, cvaC, iss, tsh, papC, kps, iha and iron metabolism genes – sitA, feoB, irp2, fyuA, iroN, ireA. The ability of biofilm formation was assessed in a quantitative assay using a microtiter-plate test. Bacterial strains were grown on BHI. We divided isolates of E. coli into four classes: very weak (63.0%), weak (10.5%), moderate (10.5%) and strong (16.0%) biofilm producers. Representation genes of virulence were highly in isolates from very weak biofilm producers – from 7 genes were 6 highly; only papC (P fimbrial adhesin) was low. Genes of iron metabolism were different. Genes – sitA, fyuA, ireA in strong isolates producing biofilm and feoB, irp2, iroN in weak producers were most represented. The results show possible relation between presence virulence factor and low biofilm formation.

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