scholarly journals A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON SODIUM VALPROATE, CARBAMAZEPINE, AND LEVETIRACETAM INDUCING ENURESIS IN EPILEPTIC CHILDREN

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-88
Author(s):  
ARYA SATHYAN ◽  
RESHMA SCARIA
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Valproate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nice Guidelines ◽  
Review Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Epileptic Children ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Assessment Questions

Objectives: Enuresis or bedwetting is considered to be an underreported ADR of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). This study assesses the incidence and comparative rate of occurrence of enuresis in children with epilepsy who are on AEDs treatment such as sodium valproate (SV); carbamazepine and levetiracetam (LEV). Methods: The study was conducted with a sample size of 32 patients. Both inpatients and outpatients between the age group >5–18 years of age previously diagnosed with epilepsy that is on monotherapy and polytherapy with SV or carbamazepine or LEV were included in the study. Patients with urinary complications or urogenital abnormalities past 3 months before admission were excluded from the study. Assessment of enuresis was done based on a questionnaire prepared from NICE guidelines and analyzed using SPSS software version 20. Results: Of 44 patients who were included in the study, only 34 came for review. Analysis of the questionnaire showed the occurrence of enuresis in 12 patients. Drugs prescribed versus assessment questions showed potent significance with eight questions; hence the hypothesis that the prescribed drugs can cause enuresis can be taken into consideration. The rate of occurrence of enuresis was analyzed in all the drugs with their respective doses, but the significant values were found only for SV 200 mg. Conclusion: This study shows the possibility of enuresis in LEV and SV treatment with a significant difference in SV. Furthermore, it showed a relation between the duration of treatment and the occurrence of enuresis.

scholarly journals Investigating social media statistics of usage and its determinant factors in students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in 2018: A cross-sectional study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiva Bozorgpanah ◽  
Ghobad Moradi ◽  
Pourya Bahrami ◽  
Elham Noori ◽  
Mohammad Pourya Ezati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Determinant Factors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Use Of Social Media

Abstract Background and Aim: the present study was conducted to investigate social media statistics of usage and its determinant factors in students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in 2018.Materials and Methods: This study is a cross-sectional-analytical study. The total of 380 students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences were randomly selected by Probability Proportional to Size Sampling method, from the lists of the students in each faculty. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, organized in four sections. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS software version 21.Results: Based on the results of this study 373 (98.2%) of the sample students were on social media, which the most popular ones among them were Telegram (94.1%), Instagram (78.8%) and Whatsapp (61.9%), respectively. The average time spent on social media among students was reported to be 2.78 hours per day and is a significant difference between age groups in terms of attitudes toward using social media (P = 0.031).Conclusion: the results of this study suggested that the majority of students use social media. Since improper use of social media can exert unfortunate effects on different aspects of life of students, and negatively influence their education.

scholarly journals A Study to Determine the Frequency Rate of Scoliosis Disorder and Compare the Anthropometric Characteristics of Normal versus the Scoliosis Diagnosed Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Gholamreza Khosravi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Sharif ◽  
Erfan Khosravi ◽  
Fatemeh Kardan ◽  
Hamed Haddad Kashani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
The City ◽  
Test Result

<p><strong>INTRODUCTION: </strong>Postural deformities are commonly acquired disorders that occur throughout the life. The purpose of this research was to determine and compare the frequency of scoliosis disorder and anthropometric characteristics of normal versus the disordered Students.</p><p><strong>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</strong> This was a cross-sectional study that was performed on 1416 girls and boys of elementary school students in the city of Kashan in education year 2010-2011. Adams bending test was employed to examine 1416 students to identify the disorder. Seca scale was employed to measure weight and inflexible tape was used to measure the height of students. SPSS software was employed to analyze the data. </p><p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>The result of analysis showed that 63.8 percent of students were boys and 36.2 percent were girls. The frequency of scoliosis in boys and girls was 29.8 and 24.2 percent, respectively. Independent t-test result showed that there was a significant difference between the height and weight of normal versus the scoliosis identified boys and girls student (P=0.004, 0.031; 0.0001, 0.041).</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> These types of studies are conducted regularly to identify poor postural cases at an early stage. The identification of acquired deformities at an early stage is important since it provides the opportunity to take the appropriate measures to correct them.  Early identification of scoliosis is vital to maximize effectiveness of treatment.</p>

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE, QUESTIONNAIRE BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON SELF MEDICATION PRACTICE AMONG MEDICAL AND PARAMEDICAL STUDENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Brand Names ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Health Organization

Background: According to World Health Organization (WHO), self medication is use of medicines to treat self recognized symptoms, or use of a prescribed medicine for chronic symptoms. It is associated with use of prescription drugs, alternative medicines and over the counter drugs (OTC). Methods: This was a prospective, observational, questionnaire based study where two groups of students were interviewed with a prevalidated questionnaire. The first group comprised of students from MBBS while the second group consisted of students of paramedical courses namely physiotherapy, operation theatre technicians and lab technicians. Results: A total of 200 students with an average age 19.62±0.65 years participated in the study. Among these students, 100 were medical students. All the students had practiced self medication however, only 51.00% agreed with the concept of self-medication. Considering the significant „p‟ value to be <0.05 there was a significant difference among the 2 groups with respect to awareness of generic and brand names of the drugs and importance of completing the course of treatment. 51.00% of medical and 29.00% paramedical students were aware about generic and brand names of drugs while knowledge about importance of completing course of treatment was present in 62% medical and 42% paramedical students. (p value<0.05). Also, there was no significant difference regarding the knowledge about the content, dose, duration of treatment and frequency of drug administration among the two groups. Conclusion: The present study shows a high prevalence of selfmedication among medical and paramedical students of the institution. The knowledge about self-medication was encouraging among the students of both the groups. Keywords: Self medication, student, knowledge

Risk Factors of Preeclampsia among Pregnant Women in Khorramabad (West of Iran)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-317
Author(s):  
Mahnaz Mardani ◽  
Farshad Teymouri ◽  
Maryam Rezapour
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Health Care Centers ◽  
Risk Of Preeclampsia

Background: Preeclampsia occurs in 2-10% of pregnancies, worldwide, and is characterized as a combination of hypertension and proteinuria. Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the risk factors associated with the incidence of preeclampsia in the west of Iran and associated factors. Methods: This is a cross sectional study that was performed on 740 pregnant women between 2014- 2017, who were referred to different health care centers of Khorramabad. The data was collected from these centers and a questionnaire was filled for every woman that included age, height, gender of the neonate, number of pregnancies, multiparity, season of the pregnancy, birth weight, mothers’ body mass index (BMI) before delivery, smoking history and diagnosis of preeclampsia. The data obtained was statistically analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Of the 760 subjects included, 1.1% (8 cases) were reported to be presented with preeclampsia. We found a significant difference between non pre-eclamptic and pre-eclamptic patients in terms of BMI (p=0.006), number of pregnancies (p<0.05), maternal age (p<0.05) and weight (p=0.004). With an increase in BMI and the number of pregnancies, the risk of preeclampsia was elevated. Pre-eclamptic mothers had higher body weight than non-pre-eclamptic ones (75.9 kg vs. 65.6 kg) and the prevalence of preeclampsia increased with age. Conclusion: The prevalence of preeclampsia was seen to be positively associated with higher BMI, pregnancy rate, mother weight and age are associated with higher prevalence of preeclampsia.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Ultrasound with Transvaginal Finger Examination in Diagnosis of Abnormal Position and Presentation of Fetal Head

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Batool Teimoori ◽  
Azar Khaefi Ashkzari ◽  
Farahnaz Farzaneh
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fetal Head ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Abnormal Position ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Fetal Head Position

Background: Abnormal position and presentation are challenges for obstetricians in about 10% of all pregnancies. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare ultrasound with transvaginal finger examination in detecting abnormal position and presentation of fetal head. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study performed in Ali ibn-e Abitaleb Hospital of Zahedan in 2018. The women underwent vaginal finger examination in the first phase of delivery, and then trans-abdominal ultrasound was performed for pregnant women. All examinations and ultrasounds were performed by one person with the same ultrasound device. Data were analyzed with SPSS software. Results: In this study, 100 pregnant women were studied in the first phase of pregnancy. The mean age of the subjects was 24.7 ± 5.5 years old. Fetal head position was determined in 81 and 93% of women with vaginal examination and ultrasound, respectively. There was weak agreement (kappa = 0.416). Fetal presentation was determined by finger examination in 93% of cases and by ultrasound in 100% of cases. There was moderate agreement (kappa = 0.783). Conclusions: In general, the results of this study showed that there was no significant difference between ultrasound and finger examination in the presentation and position of fetal head.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Dental Anxiety Among Patients Visiting Dental Institution- A Cross Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 935-938
Author(s):  
Dr. Srividhya. S ◽  
Dr. Saraswathi Gopal
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
T Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Spss Software

Aim and Objective: Anxiety exhibited by patients towards dental procedures are common problems experienced by many across the world. This study focuses on evaluating the dental anxiety among patients attending the outpatient clinics of Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital and its association with their age, gender, educational level. A total of 200 patients, aged 21–50 years were included in the study. A questionnaire comprising the Corah’s Dental Anxiety Scale was used to assess the level of dental anxiety. The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS software.  Results:. Independent t-test did not show significant variation among the age groups with respect to overall anxiety score (P≥ 0.05), however, it was reduced with increasing age. There was no significant difference was found by independent t-test between male and female groups and regarding previous dental visit (P ≥0.05). Regarding education level, there was no statistical difference between the groups (P > 0.05) Younger patients, female patients were associated with increased anxiety scores. The present study was done for better patient management and proper treatment plan development for dentally anxious patients

scholarly journals Assessment of Depression among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study from Pakistan.

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeeha Malik ◽  
Rida Nasir ◽  
Azhar Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Patient ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Baseline Phase ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Significant Difference

<strong>Background:</strong> Depression is a condition that is often co-morbid to tuberculosis and can lead to increased morbidity and mortality associated with tuberculosis. The current prevalence of depression worldwide among individuals receiving treatment for TB ranged from 11.3% to 80.2%, with a mean weighted prevalence of 48.9%. The aim of the current study was to assess depression among tuberculosis patients in Pakistan. <strong>Methods </strong>A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to evaluate depression among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Pakistan. All the public and private tertiary healthcare facilities treating TB located in Rawalpindi and Islamabad were included in the study. Patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to collect data from 382 patients of pulmonary tuberculosis. Non-parametric tests, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis, were performed to find out the difference among different variables. <strong>Results &amp; Conclusion: </strong>Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney (p ≥ 0.05) were performed to find out the differences among different variables. Significant difference between different income levels (p=0.002), duration of treatment (p=0.01), phase of treatment (p=0.03) and type of treatment (p=0.001) were observed. Moderate depression was observed among patients at baseline and had duration of treatment less than a month. The present study concluded that majority of patients suffering from tuberculosis suffered from some sort of depression. This depression was more evident at baseline phase of therapy. Patients undergoing directly observed therapy appeared to be more depressed due to increased stigma along with increase in financial burden. Counseling and psychotherapy can play a massive role in combating depression and improving medication adherence in TB patients.

scholarly journals Cognitive relationship between vehicle color and the type of accidents leading to death and injury in driver

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Moradi Bontoot ◽  
GH Halvani ◽  
N Abarghouei ◽  
S Jambarsang ◽  
H Fallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Area Of Protection

Introduction: Annually, many people die or suffer from irreparable injuries in road accidents worldwide. One of the causes of accidents is drivers, cognitive factors and the vehicle color is one of the factors that affect the cognitive performance of the drivers. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between vehicle color and type of accidents leading to death and injury. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 300 randomly selected cases of accidents in Kerman. Information including the manner of accident, name and color of vehicle, location, cause, time, area of protection, weekday, season and type of accident were collected from traffic police and traffic department statistics and analyzed by using SPSS software. Results: The results of the study showed that most of the accidents occurred during daylight hours. Motorcycle, black and white vehicles had the highest and yellow and beige vehicles had the least frequency. There was no significant difference between vehicle color (dark and light) and other variables with the type of accidents leading to the driver's death and injury. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, no significant relationship was observed between vehicle color (dark and light) and the type of accidents leading to death and injury on. One of the reasons seems to be the difference between the methods of statistical analysis. Further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between the type of accidents and vehicle color.

Personal Audio System: Hearing Symptoms, Habits, and Sound Pressure Levels Measured in Real Ear and a Manikin

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 2016-2026
Author(s):  
Tamara R. Almeida ◽  
Clayton H. Rocha ◽  
Camila M. Rabelo ◽  
Raquel F. Gomes ◽  
Ivone F. Neves-Lobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Real ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sound Pressure Levels ◽  
Audio System

Purpose The aims of this study were to characterize hearing symptoms, habits, and sound pressure levels (SPLs) of personal audio system (PAS) used by young adults; estimate the risk of developing hearing loss and assess whether instructions given to users led to behavioral changes; and propose recommendations for PAS users. Method A cross-sectional study was performed in 50 subjects with normal hearing. Procedures included questionnaire and measurement of PAS SPLs (real ear and manikin) through the users' own headphones and devices while they listened to four songs. After 1 year, 30 subjects answered questions about their usage habits. For the statistical analysis, one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test, Lin and Spearman coefficients, the chi-square test, and logistic regression were used. Results Most subjects listened to music every day, usually in noisy environments. Sixty percent of the subjects reported hearing symptoms after using a PAS. Substantial variability in the equivalent music listening level (Leq) was noted ( M = 84.7 dBA; min = 65.1 dBA, max = 97.5 dBA). A significant difference was found only in the 4-kHz band when comparing the real-ear and manikin techniques. Based on the Leq, 38% of the individuals exceeded the maximum daily time allowance. Comparison of the subjects according to the maximum allowed daily exposure time revealed a higher number of hearing complaints from people with greater exposure. After 1 year, 43% of the subjects reduced their usage time, and 70% reduced the volume. A volume not exceeding 80% was recommended, and at this volume, the maximum usage time should be 160 min. Conclusions The habit of listening to music at high intensities on a daily basis seems to cause hearing symptoms, even in individuals with normal hearing. The real-ear and manikin techniques produced similar results. Providing instructions on this topic combined with measuring PAS SPLs may be an appropriate strategy for raising the awareness of people who are at risk. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12431435

Estimation of Trace Elements in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Serum-Comparative Study in Healthy and Periodontitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhagavathami Meenaksh ◽  
Chitraa R. Chandran ◽  
Aravindhan Thathchari Ranganathan ◽  
Kavindapadi Venkateswaran Rama ◽  
Valarmathy Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Copper ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Copper Zinc

Background: This study aims to determine and compare the levels of trace elements copper, zinc, selenium and chromium in GCF and serum of patients with periodontitis and healthy individuals. Methods: This cross sectional study includes 24 study subjects recruited from the patients reporting to the Department of Periodontics , Tagore Dental College Chennai. All the selected patients were subjected to a clinical examination done by a single examiner. The estimation of trace elements Copper, Zinc, Selenium and Chromium in GCF and serum is performed using Perkin Elmer optima 5300 Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer (ICPOES). Results: GCF and serum copper levels showed no significant difference in both periodontitis and healthy groups . Selenium levels tend to be the same in both groups. Serum zinc levels are more in periodontitis patients than healthy subjects (p less than 0.01). GCF chromium levels are found to be more in patients with periodontitis than healthy. Conclusions : More research is therefore needed to monitor the role of these trace elements C with an increased sample size to ascertain whether they are associated with a reduced risk of periodontitis.

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