scholarly journals ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC EFFECT OF THE ETHANOL EXTRACT FRACTION FROM MULBERRY (MORUS AUSTRALIS POIR.) LEAVES ON RATS INDUCED HIGH FAT-DIET (HFD) AND PROPYLTHIOURACIL (PTU)

Author(s):  
PRISKA ERNESTINA TENDA ◽  
ELEONORA MARYETA TOYO ◽  
ARBA PRAMUNDITA RAMADANI

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of extract and its fraction (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water) of the mulberry leaf (Morus australis Poir.) in reducing triglyceride and total cholesterol levels on HFD and PTU induced rats. Methods: In this study, mulberry leaves were collected from East Nusa Tenggara-Indonesia, extracted using maceration method, and fractionated with various solvents. The thin layer chromatography with silica gel 60 F254 was utilized to identify the active compound on both extract and fraction. Furthermore, using a quasi-experimental with control group design, this study employed 40 healthy male Wistar rats and divided into 8 groups, namely: normal and negative control, positive controls (simvastatin and gemfibrozil), ethanolic extract, and fractions (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water). All groups were fed with a high cholesterol diet and 0.01% PTU, except for the normal group. During the study, the blood was drawn at day 0, 28, 35, and 42. The triglyceride level was observed using Glycerophosphate-Oxidase Phenol Aminoantipyrine (GPO-PAP) method, while the total cholesterol was measured by Cholesterol Oxidase Phenol Aminoantipyrine (CHOD-PAP). Results: On the 42nd day, ethyl fraction of mulberry leaf (Morus australis Poir.) showed the most significant result of reducing the level of triglyceride and total cholesterol compared to the high-fat diet and PTU induced rat on day 0: triglyceride of 104.89±2.70 mg/dl vs 64.76±1.97 mg/dl and total cholesterol of 96.70±2.45 vs 88.02±1.38 mg/dl. Ethyl acetate fraction was similar to simvastatin in lowering the level of total cholesterol. TLC identification also showed that mulberry leaf contains flavonoids and polyphenols that act as anti-hyperlipidemic. Conclusion: Ethyl acetate fraction of mulberry leaf (Morus australis Poir.) showed best activity on lowering both triglyceride and total cholesterol.

Author(s):  
Titis Nurmasitoh ◽  
Miranti Dewi Pramaningtyas

Background<br />Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world, including Indonesia. One of the risk factors for CHD is hypercholesterolemia. One of the natural products that has been developed for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia is honey. Honey contains fructooligosaccharides, various vitamins, minerals, and enzymes which are supposedly able to lower blood cholesterol levels. This research aimed to study the influence of honey on the levels of blood total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in Wistar rats. <br /><br />Methods<br />This study was of experimental post test control group design. Twenty-four male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomly divided into 4 groups. K1 was the negative control group (with normal diet), K2 was the positive control group (with high-fat diet), P1 was fed a high-fat diet for 7 days, followed by high-fat diet plus honey for the next 7 days. P2 was fed a high-fat diet for 7 days, followed by regular diet plus honey for the next 7 days. After completion of this treatment, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL levels were measured by the cholesterol oxidase phenol+aminophenazone (CHOD-PAP) method using enzymatic spectrophotometry principles. <br /><br />Results<br />There were significant differences in total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL levels between all groups after day 15 (p&lt;0.05). <br /><br />Conclusion<br />Honey supplementation was able to reduce the blood levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL. Honey supplementation accompanied by non-cholesterol feeds could more effectively lower total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL serum levels in Wistar rats.


Author(s):  
Rizka Veni ◽  
Awal Prasetyo ◽  
Muflihatul Muniroh

This study aims to analyze the effect of combination of motor vehicle particular matter exposure and high-fat diet in kidney histopathology, creatinine levels, and MDA levels in Wistar rats. This study used a posttest-only control group design. Eighteen healthy male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. The intervention groups received motor vehicle fume exposure for 100 s with normal diet (X1) or high-fat diet (X2), and the control group received no exposure (C). Data analysis was processed with a SPSS 25.0 computer program by using the one-way ANOVA test followed by post hoc LSD. The degree of kidney histopathological damage showed significant differences between the X1 and X2 groups when compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The results of the creatinine level examination found a significant difference between the X2 and C groups (p < 0.05) and the treatment groups X1 and X2 (p < 0.05). The results of kidney MDA level examination showed a significant difference between the treatment groups (X1 and X2) and the control group (p < 0.05). The combination of particular matter of motor vehicle fumes exposure and high-fat diet could induce kidney damage through histopathological change and increased creatinine levels and kidney MDA levels in Wistar rats.


Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1353
Author(s):  
Ji Hyun Kim ◽  
Sanghyun Lee ◽  
Eun Ju Cho

Obesity increases risk of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). A high fat diet (HFD) can lead to amyloidosis and amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation, which are hallmarks of AD. In this study, protective effects of the ethyl acetate fraction of Acer okamotoanum (EAO) and isoquercitrin were evaluated on obesity and amyloidosis in the HFD- and Aβ-induced mouse model. To induce obesity and AD by HFD and Aβ, mice were provided with HFD for 10 weeks and were intracerebroventricularly injected with Aβ25–35. For four weeks, 100 and 10 mg/kg/day of EAO and isoquercitrin, respectively, were administered orally. Administration of EAO and isoquercitrin significantly decreased body weight in HFD and Aβ-injected mice. Additionally, EAO- and isoquercitrin-administered groups attenuated abnormal adipokines release via a decrease in leptin and an increase in adiponectin levels compared with the control group. Furthermore, HFD and Aβ-injected mice had damaged liver tissues, but EAO- and isoquercitrin-administered groups attenuated liver damage. Moreover, administration of EAO and isoquercitrin groups down-regulated amyloidosis-related proteins in the brain such as β-secretase, presenilin (PS)-1 and PS-2 compared with HFD and Aβ-injected mice. This study indicated that EAO and isoquercitrin attenuated HFD and Aβ-induced obesity and amyloidosis, suggesting that they could be effective in preventing and treating both obesity and AD.


Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2433
Author(s):  
Hwi-Jin Im ◽  
Seung-Ju Hwang ◽  
Jin-Seok Lee ◽  
Sung-Bae Lee ◽  
Ji-Yun Kang ◽  
...  

The global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is estimated to be 25% and has continued to increase; however, no drugs have yet been approved for NAFLD treatments. The ethyl acetate fraction of Amomum xanthioides (EFAX) was previously reported to have an anti-hepatic fibrosis effect, but its effects on steatosis or steatohepatitis remain unclear. This study investigated the anti-fatty liver of EFAX using a high-fat diet mouse model. High-fat diet intake for 8 weeks induced hepatic steatosis with mild inflammation and oxidative damage and increased the adipose tissue weight along with the development of dyslipidemia. EFAX treatment significantly ameliorated the steatohepatic changes, the increased weight of adipose tissues, and the altered serum lipid profiles. These observed effects were possibly due to the lipolysis-dominant activity of EFAX on multiple hepatic proteins including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (mSREBP)-1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α, AMP-activated protein kinase, and diglyceride acyltransferases (DGATs). Taken together, these results show that EFAX might be a potential therapeutic agent for regulating a wide spectrum of NAFLDs from steatosis to fibrosis via multiple actions on lipid metabolism-related proteins. Further studies investigating clear mechanisms and their active compounds are needed.


2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 224-228
Author(s):  
Finta Wahdania ◽  
Adriyan Pramono

Background : A high serum cholesterol level might become one of contributing risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Serum cholesterol level could decreased by acid lactic bacteria (ALB) content. Kefir, one of probiotic product have been claimed as a cholesterol-lowering agent. The purpose of this research was to determine effect of cwo milk kefir to serum total cholesterol level in animal model. Method : true-experimental by using pre post test with randomized control group design. Twenty eight male Sprague dawley rat were divided into four group (K,P1, P2, P3) and induced by high cholesterol diet. Intervention started from 1,5 ml; 2 ml and 3 ml of kefir respectively to P1, P2 and P3 for fifteen days. Cholesterol level was examined by CHOD-PAP method. Data was examined by using one way ANOVA. Result : Total cholesterol level decreased significantly in all group but there is no defference between group. The highest reduction of total cholesterol was 31,45%, found in group P3 followed by 31,40% for K; 30,90% for P2 and 27,04 % for P1. Conclusion : kefir administration did not contribute in lowered total cholesterol level, result of this study did not support administration of kefir as a cholesterol-lowering agent


2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lastry Glory ◽  
Shirley E. Kawengian ◽  
Nelly Mayulu

Abstract: High cholesterol levels in blood can lead to various diseases, including coronary heart disease. Black rice (Oryza sativa L.) contains more anthocyanin in layers of alueron than in white rice. Cardioprotective effect of rice has been emerged since several decades ago. This was a true experimental study with a pre-posttest control group design. Samples were New Zealand White male rabbits aged 3 months. Group 1 was fed standard meal; group 2 was fed with high-fat diet; group 3 was fed with high-fat diet plus black rice extract; and group 4 were fed with high-fat diet plus atorvastatin. Data were analyzed and presented descriptively. The results showed that total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the group fed with black rice extract decreased by 5 mg/dl and 4 mg/dl respectively. Decreased total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were also found in the group fed with standard meal and the group given atorvastatin. Meanwhile, the group fed with high-fat diet showed increased levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride high enough. Conclusion: There were decreased levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides in rabbits fed with black rice extract. Keywords: black rice extract, total cholesterol, triglycerides. Abstrak: Kadar kolesterol yang tinggi dalam darah dapat memicu berbagai macam penyakit, diantaranya penyakit jantung koroner. Beras hitam (Oryza sativa L.) mengandung lebih banyak antosianin dalam lapisan alueronnya dibandingkan beras putih. Efek kardioprotektif dari beras telah dikemukakan sejak beberapa dekade yang lalu. Jenis penelitian ini true experimental dengan pre test post test control grup design. Sampel ialah kelinci New Zealand White jantan berusia 3 bulan. Kelompok perlakuan 1 diberi pakan standar; kelompok 2 diberi diet tinggi lemak; kelompok 3 diberi diet tinggi lemak dan ekstrak beras hitam dan kelompok 4 diberi diet tinggi lemak dan atorvastatin. Data dianalisis dan disajikan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan kadar kolesterol total dan trigliserida pada kelompok yang diberi ekstrak beras hitam mengalami penurunan masing-masing sebesar 5 mg/dl dan 4 mg/dl. Penurunan kadar kolesterol dan trigliserida juga terdapat pada kelompok yang diberi pakan standar dan kelompok yang diberi atorvastatin. Pada kelompok yang diberi diet tinggi lemak terjadi peningkatan kadar kolesterol total dan trigliserida yang cukup besar. Simpulan: Terjadi penurunan kadar kolesterol total dan trigliserida pada kelinci yang diberi ekstrak beras hitam.Kata kunci: ekstrak beras hitam, kolesterol total, trigliserid.


F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1798
Author(s):  
Swandari Paramita ◽  
Meiliati Aminyoto ◽  
Sjarif Ismail ◽  
Enos Tangke Arung

Background: Hypercholesterolemia, high cholesterol levels in the blood, can contribute to many forms of disease, most notably cardiovascular disease. Anti-hypercholesterolemic agents generally used for those conditions have several side effects for patients. Zingiber montanum, known locally as “bangle”, belongs to the family Zingiberaceae and is a potential plants for alternative anti-hypercholesterolemic agents. This plant, from East Kalimantan, is used in traditional medicine for health problems caused by high cholesterol levels. The aim of this research was to find alternatives to anti-hypercholesterolemic agents, especially from natural sources. Methods: This study was an experimental study using 30 Wistar male white rats. Subjects were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=5): (1) normal control group; (2) high fat diet control group; (3) high fat diet with simvastatin; (4-6) high fat diet with Zingiber montanum extracts 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg. After 4 weeks of treatment, blood was collected from all groups, and plasma concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins (HDL), and low density lipoproteins (LDL) were measured. Results: The results showed significant differences in total cholesterol (p=0.000), LDL (p=0.000) and triglycerides (p=0.001) in the high-fat diet group with Z. montanum extract, as compared to the high-fat diet control. Meanwhile, there were no significant differences in HDL levels (p=0.830) between the high-fat diet group and other groups. The results also showed significant differences in total cholesterol and LDLs for rats treated with Z. montanum extract, 100 mg/kg (p=0.000), 200 mg/kg (p=0.000), and 400 mg/kg (p=0.000) compared to the high-fat diet group. The result of Z. montanum 400 mg/kg also showed a significant reduction, not only for total cholesterol and LDLs, but also for triglycerides (p=0.030). Conclusion: It could be concluded that Z. montanum extracts have the potency to be further developed as a new natural source of the anti-hypercholesterolemic agents.


2013 ◽  
Vol 111 (8) ◽  
pp. 1412-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janne K. Lorenzen ◽  
Søren K. Jensen ◽  
Arne Astrup

Despite a high content of saturated fat, evidence from observational studies indicates that the consumption of dairy products may have a neutral effect or may be inversely associated with the risk of CVD. We aimed to examine whether milk minerals modify the effect of saturated fat on serum lipid profile. We present data from two studies. Study I had a randomised, blinded, parallel design (n 24 pigs) with a 10 d adaptation period during which a high-fat diet was fed to the pigs and a 14 d intervention period during which the same diet either enriched with milk minerals (MM group) or placebo (control group) was fed to the pigs. Study II had a randomised cross-over design (n 9 men) where the subjects were fed either a high-fat diet enriched with milk minerals (MM period) or a regular diet (control period). In both the studies, blood variables were measured before and after the intervention and faecal and urine samples were collected at the end of the dietary periods. The increase in plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations but not in HDL-cholesterol concentration was markedly lowered by milk minerals in both the studies. In the animal study, baseline adjusted total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations in the MM group were 11 % (P= 0·004) and 13 % (P= 0·03) lower compared with those in the control group after the intervention. Similarly in the human study, baseline adjusted total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were 6 % (P= 0·002) and 9 % (P= 0·03) lower after the MM period compared with those in the control period. HDL-cholesterol concentration was not lowered by milk minerals. These short-term studies indicate that the addition of milk minerals to a high-fat diet to some extent attenuates the increase in total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations, without affecting HDL-cholesterol concentration.


2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Levent Bas ◽  
Sule Demirci ◽  
Nuray Yazihan ◽  
Kamil Uney ◽  
Ezgi Ermis Kaya

Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg bw) in all rats of five groups after being fed for 2 weeks high-fat diet. Type 2 diabeticNerium-oleander-(NO-) administered groups received the NO distillate at a dose of 3.75, 37.5, and 375 μg/0.5 mL of distilled water (NO-0.1, NO-1, NO-10, resp.); positive control group had 0.6 mg glibenclamide/kg bw/d by gavage daily for 12 weeks. Type 2 diabetic negative control group had no treatment. NO distillate administration reduced fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin resistance, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, atherogenic index, triglyceride-HDL ratio, insulin, and leptin levels. Improved beta cell function and HDL concentration were observed by NO usage. HDL percentage in total cholesterol of all NO groups was similar to healthy control. NO-10 distillate enhanced mRNA expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated-receptor- (PPAR-)α,β, andγin adipose tissue and PPAR-α–γin liver. The findings from bothin vivoandin vitrostudies suggest that the considerable beneficial effect of NO distillate administration at a dose of 375 μg/0.5 mL of distilled water may offer new approaches to treatment strategies that target both fat and glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes.


Author(s):  
Elin Yulinah Sukandar ◽  
Dewi Safitri ◽  
Nisrina Nur Aini

Objective: This study aimed to determine antihyperlipidemic activity of binahong leaves and murbey leaves extracts in combination.Methods: A total of 28 rats were divided into seven groups: normal, control, simvastatin 3.6 mg/kg bw, binahong leaves extract 100 mg/kg bw (B100), mulberry leaves extract 200 mg/kg bw (M200), combination of binahong extract 50 mg/kg and mulberry 100 mg/kg (B50+M100), and combination of binahong extract 100 mg/kg bw and mulberry 200 mg/kg bw (B100+M200). Hyperlipidemia was induced by giving rats a high fat diet along with cholesterol (200 mg/kg), cholic acid (0.2% of chow), and propylthiouracil (10 mg/kg bw) for 30 days orally. Then, for the next 14 days, all groups except the control were given the tested substances. Measurement of lipid profile was performed immediately after induction (T0), seven and fourteen days after treatment (T7 and T14, respectively).Results: There were significant differences on a group of M200, B50+M100, and B100+M200 compared to the control group at T14, with the value 33.68%, 34.39 %, and 44.81% (in reduction of total cholesterol) and 36.86%, 37.16%, and 49.99% (in reduction of triglyceride).Conclusion: Group of M200, B50+M100, and B100+M200 reduced total cholesterol and triglyceride level remarkably at day 14. The combination of both extract (B100+M200) considerably shows better activity than either binahong extract or mulberry extract. 


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